IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Modelling of a Multi Motors Traction System Connected in Series Using a Matri...ijaceeejournal
The first generation of multi-machine systems is limited on two .the first configuration consists of a
continuous floor which feeds several three-phase inverters connected in parallel, or each inverter supplies a
three-phase machine .the control of each machine is independent via its inverter and its algorithm control
.the second configuration consists of a single inverter, which also feeds in parallel three phase machines .for
this structure, the machines must have the same speed and suffer the same torque load .these two conditions
make the use of this system in a limited scope .It is impossible to connect in series several three-phase
machines powered by a single-phase power converter and that each machine in the group have an
independent speed control .but, the use of multi-phase converters associated with polyphase machine .
generate additional degrees of freedom .With these, several polyphase machines can be connected in series
in an appropriate transposition phases.
The objective of this work is to order, model and characterize the behavior of a training system
multimachines composed of two five phase synchronous permanent magnet motors connected in series and
powered by a five phase matrix converter applied to the rail traction.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Modelling of a Multi Motors Traction System Connected in Series Using a Matri...ijaceeejournal
The first generation of multi-machine systems is limited on two .the first configuration consists of a
continuous floor which feeds several three-phase inverters connected in parallel, or each inverter supplies a
three-phase machine .the control of each machine is independent via its inverter and its algorithm control
.the second configuration consists of a single inverter, which also feeds in parallel three phase machines .for
this structure, the machines must have the same speed and suffer the same torque load .these two conditions
make the use of this system in a limited scope .It is impossible to connect in series several three-phase
machines powered by a single-phase power converter and that each machine in the group have an
independent speed control .but, the use of multi-phase converters associated with polyphase machine .
generate additional degrees of freedom .With these, several polyphase machines can be connected in series
in an appropriate transposition phases.
The objective of this work is to order, model and characterize the behavior of a training system
multimachines composed of two five phase synchronous permanent magnet motors connected in series and
powered by a five phase matrix converter applied to the rail traction.
Adoption of Park’s Transformation for Inverter Fed DriveIJPEDS-IAES
Park’s transformation in the context of ac machine is applied to obtain quadrature voltages for the 3-phase balanced voltages. In the case of a inverter fed drive, one can adopt Park’s transformation to directly derive the quadrature voltages in terms simplified functions of switching parameters. This is the main result of the paper which can be applied to model based and predictive control of electrical machines. Simulation results are used to compare the new dq voltage modelling response to conventional direct – quadrature (dq) axes modelling response in direct torque control – space vector modulation scheme. The proposed model is compact, decreases the computation complexity and time. The model is useful especially in model based control implemented in real time, in terms of a simplified set of switching parameters.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
Date:-(13-07-2016)
Hii friends
I Have Attached Our Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Here for your Reference
Kindly download the Manual and Start Writing the Observation Note By Mr.G.Shivaraj-AP/EEE
Please follow it friends✌
With Happy,
Šαηтн๑zzζzz
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
Power System Analysis was a core subject for Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Based On Anna University Syllabus. The Whole Subject was there in this document.
Share with it ur friends & Follow me for more updates.!
Load flow solution is the solution of the network under steady state conditions subjected to certain inequality constraints under which the system operates.
Solar Panel Using Active Stacked Npc Multi Level Converterirjes
In this project, the operation and the features of a new three-level converter are presented with PV
source and boost converter. The proposed topology was named three-level active-stacked neutral point clamped.
It is a derivative of the 3L-SNPC structure, having two additional active switches connected anti parallel with
the clamp diodes. The main advantage of 3L-ASNPC converter is the reduction of the average switching
frequency for all power devices. In the same time, the apparent switching frequency of the output voltage is
doubled.
Adoption of Park’s Transformation for Inverter Fed DriveIJPEDS-IAES
Park’s transformation in the context of ac machine is applied to obtain quadrature voltages for the 3-phase balanced voltages. In the case of a inverter fed drive, one can adopt Park’s transformation to directly derive the quadrature voltages in terms simplified functions of switching parameters. This is the main result of the paper which can be applied to model based and predictive control of electrical machines. Simulation results are used to compare the new dq voltage modelling response to conventional direct – quadrature (dq) axes modelling response in direct torque control – space vector modulation scheme. The proposed model is compact, decreases the computation complexity and time. The model is useful especially in model based control implemented in real time, in terms of a simplified set of switching parameters.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
Date:-(13-07-2016)
Hii friends
I Have Attached Our Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Here for your Reference
Kindly download the Manual and Start Writing the Observation Note By Mr.G.Shivaraj-AP/EEE
Please follow it friends✌
With Happy,
Šαηтн๑zzζzz
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
Power System Analysis was a core subject for Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Based On Anna University Syllabus. The Whole Subject was there in this document.
Share with it ur friends & Follow me for more updates.!
Load flow solution is the solution of the network under steady state conditions subjected to certain inequality constraints under which the system operates.
Solar Panel Using Active Stacked Npc Multi Level Converterirjes
In this project, the operation and the features of a new three-level converter are presented with PV
source and boost converter. The proposed topology was named three-level active-stacked neutral point clamped.
It is a derivative of the 3L-SNPC structure, having two additional active switches connected anti parallel with
the clamp diodes. The main advantage of 3L-ASNPC converter is the reduction of the average switching
frequency for all power devices. In the same time, the apparent switching frequency of the output voltage is
doubled.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.
Asymmetrical Nine-level Inverter Topology with Reduce Power Semicondutor DevicesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper a new single-phase multilevel inverter topology is presented. Proposed topology is
capable of producing nine-level output voltage with reduce device counts. It can be achieved by arranging
available switches and dc sources in a fashion such that the maximum combination of addition and
subtraction of the input dc sources can be obtained. To verify the viability of the proposed topology, the
circuit model is developed and simulated in Matlab-Simulink software. Experimental testing results of the
proposed nine-level inverter topology, developed in the laboratory, are presented. A low frequency
switching strategy is employed in this work. The results show that the proposed topology is capable to
produce a nine-level output voltage, capable in handling inductive load and yields acceptable harmonic
distortion content.
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter TopologyIAES-IJPEDS
The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...ijsrd.com
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
A generalized switching function-based SVM algorithm of single-phase three-le...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a generalized switching function-based space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is presented and evaluated to minimize the dc voltage utilization and the ac utility grid current total harmonic distortion. This paper explores the control and modulation techniques of a single-phase three-leg converter with an active power decoupling method, where a generalized SVM algorithm is proposed and evaluated for easy implementation in a digital control platform. The active power decoupling method with the proposed converter can be achieved via dependent control and modulation techniques. The control method is separated into the ac active power control part and the dc power ripple control part, which can maintain a unity power factor at the ac utility grid and reduced the double-frequency ripple power effect on the dc-side. Simulation results validate the performance of the modulation algorithm and its control and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed power converter, as well as the two mentioned operation modes of the power converter.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulationIJECEIAES
This paper illustrates the simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Variable AC output voltage engendered using matrix converter with bidirectional power switches controlled by appropriate switching pulse. The conventional PWM converter engenders switching common mode voltage across the load system terminals, which cause to common mode current and its leads to bearing failure in load drive. These problems can be rectified using SVM and which minimize the effect on the harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power switch is reduced using bidirectional switch for proposed 3-phase matrix converter. The simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed system using matlab / simulink.
discusses about the reduction of commutation torque ripple in BLDC motor and various convention methods and the proposed method for 2 level inverter and 3 level inverter
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
B010221018
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 2 Ver. II (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 10-18
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction
Drives
Bhimrao.S.Gajbhiye1
, M.V.Aware2
, B.S.Umre3
, Rajesh Patil4
Abstract: The paper presents the converter topology for single to three phase matrix converter for the ac
traction drives. The converter analysis is presented with source separation and link approach. The conventional
carrier based control is employed for the converter to control the output voltage and frequency. The operational
feasibility with the three phase ac traction motor (850 kW) is presented. The performance of the converter with
the motor is simulated in the PSIM. The results indicate the feasibility of the matrix converter application to
retrofit the existing (AC-DC-AC) to (AC-AC) traction drive system.
Index Terms: Matrix Converters, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Traction Motors, Variable Speed
Drives.
I. Introduction
Electric traction in most of the country have single phase 25 kV, 50 Hz AC or 3kV DC power supply
systems. The conventional locomotives have a transformer with a tap changer or a step- down transformer with
semiconductor devices, like power diodes, GTOs, IGBTs, etc.
Fig. 1: Conventional Single-to-three phase ac Traction.
Those are used for ac- to- dc and dc-to-three-phase ac power conversion and to charge the intermediate
dc-link capacitors for energy storage elements. The locomotives have Bo-Bo (4-TM on 4 axles) or Co-Co (6-
TM on 6 axles) type bogie arrangements. The traction motor (TM) is a three phase induction motor operated
with variable voltage and frequency converter in conventional speed control mode as shown in figure 1.
The converter without dc link will be preferred over the two stage ac-dc-ac conversion in the existing
power conversion arrangements in the ac traction drives. The matrix converters (MC) is a direct ac-to-ac
converter, replaces the multiple conversion stages and the intermediate energy storage elements (dc-link) thus
being a single stage converter as shown in figure 2. The different topologies, single phase to single phase and
three phase to three phase with bi-directional switches are analyzed and results are presented [1]-[2].The phase
transformation from single to three phase with three legged six bi-directional switch converter having simple
control given for the three phase balanced loads [3]-[6].This control suffers lower voltage utilization and
requires additional matching transformer. The matrix converter topology could be analyzed through the
separation and link technique [4]. This analysis incorporates the back–to-back common emitter bi-directional
switch cells configuration is shown in figure 2 with fictitious dc link to understand the operation of matrix
converter [5].
1
Bhimrao S. Gajbhiye is research scholar at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-mail-
bsgajbhiye@gmail.com)
2
Dr. M. V. Aware is member IEEE and professor at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-
mail- mva_win@yahoo.com)
3
Dr. B. S. Umre is member IEEE and professor at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-
mail- bsumre@rediffmail.com)
4
Rajesh Patil is IRSEE Batch-1992 currently working as Sr.D.E.E.(Trd.) at Central Railways, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. (e-mail-
rajpat@gmail.com)
2. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
S1 S3
S6S4
Vs (t)
S5
S2
S c 1
S c 2
S c 1 d
S c 2 d
M
Ii (t)
a
b
c
A
B
C
+
Source Matrix converter Traction motor
Fig. 2: Proposed single-to-three phase ac Traction converter.
The paper proposes the single phase to three phase matrix converter topology for traction drives. The
operation of the converter is analyzed using the separation and link approach. The control is built by using the
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for the bi-directional switches in this converter. This single phase to
three phase converter has following merits.
- This replaces the conventional ac-dc-ac stages so the effective energy conversion is efficient.
- The control is conventional carrier based SPWM.
The known pattern of harmonics predicts the de-rating and operational efficiency of the induction motor.
II. Matrix Converter Analysis
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(a) + 100 (612 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(b) + 011 (345 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(c) + 010 ( 234 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(d) + 101 (561 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(e) + 001 ( 456 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(f) + 110 (123 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Sc2d
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S4
S1 S3 S5
S6 S2 S2S6S4
S1 S3 S5
-
+ +
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(g) + 000
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(h) + 111
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
+
-
+
-
Fig.3 (a): Operation states for single to three phase matrix converter for Positive source period.
3. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(a) - 100
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(b) - 011
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(c) - 010
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(d) - 101
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(e) - 001
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(f) - 110
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
--
- -
--
++
+ +
+ +
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2 S4 S2S6
S5S3S1
S6 S6
S6 S6
S1 S1
S1 S1
S3
S3
S3
S3
S5 S5
S5 S5
S4 S4
S4 S4
S2 S2
S2 S2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(g) - 000
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(h) - 111
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
S1S1 S3 S3 S5S5
S4S4 S6S6 S2S2
-
+ +
-
Fig.3 (b): Operation states for single to three phase matrix converter for Negative source period.
The single stage ac-ac converter for single phase to three phase ac conversion with six bi-directional
switches are S1(Sa1,Sa2),S2(Sc3,Sc4),S3(Sb1.Sb2),S4(Sa3,Sa4),S5(Sc1,Sc2) and S6(Sb3,Sb4) is analyzed with
separation and link method. The separation in Source positive period is shown in figures 3(a) and the separation
in Source negative period in figures 3(b) and which are then linked, found equal to the results of the 1-3MC
circuit. The sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) control technique is used to obtain the desired output results
of single-to-three phase ac matrix converter.
Figure 2 configuration is the adopted configuration of the single phase to three-phase ac matrix
converter. In one source voltage period can be divided into two source voltages. One is bigger than zero called
positive source period and other is less than zero is negative source period. The single to three phase ac matrix
converter can be regarded as two equivalent circuits.
TakeA-phase for example, when the source voltage Vs during positive period, following the principle of
no short circuit for source side switches Sa1 & Sa3 must not be ON at the same time and no open circuit for load
side one of the switches Sa1 and Sa3 must be ON. Considering the resistive load, when switch Sa1 is ON and Sa3 is
OFF then switch Sa2 must be ON to provide path for current through its diode from source to load.Similarly,
when switch Sa1 is OFF and Sa3 is ON then switch Sa4 should be ON to provide path for current flow through its
diode from load to source.
When the source voltage Vs is in the positive period, the switches Sa1,Sa3 & Sb1,Sb3 & Sc1,Sc3 should be
controlled to keep energy flowing fromsource to load and switches Sa2,Sa4 & Sb2,Sb4 & Sc2,Sc4 are kept ON
through its diodes to provide the current path from source to load whenever necessary.
When the source voltage Vs is in negative period, the single to three phase ac matrix converter is
simplified to the configuration shown in figure 3(b) with the same analysis as that in the source positive periods,
4. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
the switches Sa2, Sa4 & Sb2, Sb4 & Sc2, Sc4 should be controlled to keep energy flowing from load to source and
switches Sa1, Sa3 & Sb1, Sb3 & Sc1, Sc3 are kept ON through its diodes to provide the current path from load to
source whenever is necessary.
There are total 16-operating states shown in TABLE-I for one complete cycle of operation. The six
operating states (+100 to +110) and two null states (+000 and +111) during source positive period are shown in
figure 3(a). Similarly, we can draw another six operating states (-100 to -110) and two null states (-000 and -
111) for source negative period, but the direction of current flow should be reversed are shown in figure 3(b).
Similarly, all analysis for phase B and C is adopted.
Table-I:Switching Operation States For1-3MC
Considering the states of the controlled switches, it can be defined as,
where„+‟ denotes the source positive period and „−‟ denotes the source negative period. Sx1, Sx2, Sx3 and Sx4 are
the controlled switches of the three phases A, B and C respectively. The subscript „d‟ denotes the anti- parallel
diodes to that switches written as Sx1d , Sx2d , Sx3d and Sx4d as shown in TABLE-I.
III. SPWM Control Of Matrix Converter
When sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) is adopted, as usual, the analysis for conventional
converter, the switch control signals for single phase to three phase ac matrix converter can be understood from
figure 4. Suppose A = 1 denotes the source is during the positive period and A = 0 denotes the source is during
the negative period. B = 1 denotes SPWM signal is positive and B = 0 denotes SPWM signal is zero. The switch
controls signal are shown in TABLE-II are deduced from Figure 5. Take A-phase generation, for example, x =
a, during the source positive or negative periods. Switches Sa1, Sa2, Sa3 and Sa4 are controlled with SPWM signals
and its anti-parallel diodes Sa1d, Sa2d, Sa3d and Sa4d will provide current paths as and when needed.
States Vab Vbc Vca Switching Operation
+(100) Vs 0 -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(101) Vs -Vs 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d
+(001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d
+(011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d
+(010) -Vs Vs 0 Sb1 Sb2d Sa3 Sa4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(110) 0 Vs -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc3 Sc4d
+(000) 0 0 0 Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(111) 0 0 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d
-(100) Vs 0 -Vs Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d
-(101) Vs -Vs 0 Sb4 Sb3d Sa2 Sa1d Sc2 Sc1d
-(001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc2 Sc1d
-(011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d
-(010) -Vs Vs 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sc4 Sc3d Sb2 Sb1d
-(110) 0 Vs -Vs Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d
-(000) 0 0 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d
-(111) 0 0 0 Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d
„1‟ Upper arm switch ON, „0„Lower arm switch ON
„+‟ period source voltage, „-„ period source voltage
Subscript„d‟ denotes diode to that switch.
5. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
Fig.4: Single -to- three phase MC with R-load.
Fig.5: Output voltage Vab - SPWM control at fc=1kHz
Table-II: Switch Controls Signal For 1-3 MC
SWITCH
Sx
(x = a, b, c)
PWM switching signals
A=1
B=1
A=1
B=0
A=0
B=1
A=0
B=0
Sx1 1 0 0 1
Sx2 0 1 1 0
Sx3 0 1 1 0
Sx4 1 0 0 1
The results of line voltage Vab are obtained as shown in Figure 5 and also the same results can be obtained for
other phase B and C.
IV. Operation With A Traction Motor
To verify the operation strategy, the proposed 1-3 phase ac matrix converter with a three-phase ac
asynchronous traction motor (TM), Type [ABB-6FRA6068] is simulated by PSIM software. The three-phase
6. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
resistive load is changed to three-phase star wounded induction motor. The traction motor parameters are given
in TABLE-III.
Table-III: Traction Motor Parameters
Type: ABB-6FRA6068
Parameters Symbols Rating
Supply Voltage
Supply Frequency
Output Frequency
Speed
Power (KW)
current
Max. Current
Stator Resistance
Stator Inductance
Rotor Resistance
Rotor Inductance
Mutual
Inductance
Motor Inertia
Vab
f i
fo
N
P
I
Imax
Rs
Ls
R’r
Lr
Lm
J
2180 V
50 Hz
65 – 170 Hz
1283 rpm
850 Kw
270 A
393 A
0.0727 Ω
1.312 m H
0.0641 Ω
2.716 m H
41.982 m H
19.1 Kgm2
The single-to-three phase ac Matrix Converter circuit is three legged A, B and C with Six bi-directional switches
are S1 (Sa1- Sa2), S2 (Sc3- Sc4), S3 (Sb1- Sb2), S4 (Sa3- Sa4), S5 (Sc1-Sc2) and S6 (Sb3- Sb4).The simulation circuit is shown
in Figure 6.
Fig.6: Simulation circuit for 1-3 MC with a TM.
The simulation is presented by using SPWM control technique. The Simulation of circuit is simulated
with traction motor parameters by PSIM/MATLAB software packages. The single phase ac source voltage Vs
taken as 1269V and source frequency fi is 50Hz. When 150 Hz output frequency is demanded, the simulated
results are obtained shows the three phase output voltages found approximately equal to 2180 V and three phase
output currents are nearly 270 A andalso following 120 degree phase sequence. The input current Ii is found
nearly sinusoidal as expected is shown in Figure 7. Where, Vab, Vbc and Vca are the line voltages and Va, Vb
and Vc are phase voltages. Ia, Ib and Ic are the output currents
7. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
Fig.7: Output waveforms of 1-3 MC with Traction Motor.
Fig. 8: Speed-torque-load currents of 1-3 MC with Traction Motor.
It can be seen that the Torque-Speed response of the Traction Motor during motoring operation, the
shaft torque Tem and speed N is shown in Figure 8 at an accelerating mode.
It is also found that the output voltage parts at the frequencies |fo− 2 fi| and |fo+ 2 fi | possess big
proportions besides the frequency fo, where, fo is the fundamental frequency of the output voltage and fi is the
frequency of the source voltage, which implied the influence of the input supply frequency.
Time (s)
9. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
Dr. M.V. Aware, Professor, (M. Tech., Ph.D.) in VNIT, Nagpur (India) in Electrical Engineering Department.
Area of Interest: Power electronics, Electrical machines and Traction Drives.
Dr.B S. Umre, Assistant Professor,(M. Tech., Ph. D.) in VNIT, Nagpur (India) in Electrical Engineering
Department.
Area of Interest: Torsional Oscillation, Power System, Electrical Machines.
Rajesh Patil, B.E, M.Tech.IRSEE-1992 batch of Indian Railways;presently working as Sr.D.E.E.(Traction
distribution) in Central Railways, Nagpur (India).
Area of Interest: Traction drives.
![IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 2 Ver. II (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 10-18
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10221018 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction
Drives
Bhimrao.S.Gajbhiye1
, M.V.Aware2
, B.S.Umre3
, Rajesh Patil4
Abstract: The paper presents the converter topology for single to three phase matrix converter for the ac
traction drives. The converter analysis is presented with source separation and link approach. The conventional
carrier based control is employed for the converter to control the output voltage and frequency. The operational
feasibility with the three phase ac traction motor (850 kW) is presented. The performance of the converter with
the motor is simulated in the PSIM. The results indicate the feasibility of the matrix converter application to
retrofit the existing (AC-DC-AC) to (AC-AC) traction drive system.
Index Terms: Matrix Converters, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Traction Motors, Variable Speed
Drives.
I. Introduction
Electric traction in most of the country have single phase 25 kV, 50 Hz AC or 3kV DC power supply
systems. The conventional locomotives have a transformer with a tap changer or a step- down transformer with
semiconductor devices, like power diodes, GTOs, IGBTs, etc.
Fig. 1: Conventional Single-to-three phase ac Traction.
Those are used for ac- to- dc and dc-to-three-phase ac power conversion and to charge the intermediate
dc-link capacitors for energy storage elements. The locomotives have Bo-Bo (4-TM on 4 axles) or Co-Co (6-
TM on 6 axles) type bogie arrangements. The traction motor (TM) is a three phase induction motor operated
with variable voltage and frequency converter in conventional speed control mode as shown in figure 1.
The converter without dc link will be preferred over the two stage ac-dc-ac conversion in the existing
power conversion arrangements in the ac traction drives. The matrix converters (MC) is a direct ac-to-ac
converter, replaces the multiple conversion stages and the intermediate energy storage elements (dc-link) thus
being a single stage converter as shown in figure 2. The different topologies, single phase to single phase and
three phase to three phase with bi-directional switches are analyzed and results are presented [1]-[2].The phase
transformation from single to three phase with three legged six bi-directional switch converter having simple
control given for the three phase balanced loads [3]-[6].This control suffers lower voltage utilization and
requires additional matching transformer. The matrix converter topology could be analyzed through the
separation and link technique [4]. This analysis incorporates the back–to-back common emitter bi-directional
switch cells configuration is shown in figure 2 with fictitious dc link to understand the operation of matrix
converter [5].
1
Bhimrao S. Gajbhiye is research scholar at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-mail-
bsgajbhiye@gmail.com)
2
Dr. M. V. Aware is member IEEE and professor at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-
mail- mva_win@yahoo.com)
3
Dr. B. S. Umre is member IEEE and professor at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra state, India. (e-
mail- bsumre@rediffmail.com)
4
Rajesh Patil is IRSEE Batch-1992 currently working as Sr.D.E.E.(Trd.) at Central Railways, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. (e-mail-
rajpat@gmail.com)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/b010221018-160705060503/85/B010221018-1-320.jpg)
