In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
This project proposes the performance of a 4- switch, 3-phase inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive
system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed realization, instead of a usual 6-switch
three-phase inverter (SSTPI) a 4-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) is used. A cost effective FSTPI fed IM
drive using Field-Oriented-Control and Space-Vector PWM controller (with new control SVPWM approach) is
implemented as a simulation model. This reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the
complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6 PWM logic signals. Furthermore, the
proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. In this paper, a simulation
model of the drive system is developed and analyzed in order to verify the effectiveness of the approach. A
performance comparison of the proposed IS3P inverter fed drive with a conventional 6S3P inverter fed drive is
also mode in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THI)) of the stator current. Simulation
results show that the proposed drive system provides a fast speed response and good disturbance rejection
capability. The designed inverter fed IM drive is found suitable considering its cost decrease.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming an increasingly popular motor of choice for its unique characteristics. The BLDC motor drive is assumed to have trapezoidal back-electromotive force (EMF), rectangular phase currents and together produces the desired torque. However, practical back-EMF waveform might not be exactly trapezoidal because of current ripple, design considerations and manufacturing limitations. The adverse effect is the torque ripple generated due to the current ripple that causes mechanical vibration, acoustic noise and affects the accuracy of speed and position control which is not desirable in motor operation. In this paper an algorithm is developed to control and minimize the generated torque ripple using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme. The efficiency improvement of slim type BLDC motor is confirmed using MATLAB environment and low cost TI Piccolo F28035 microcontroller (MC).
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
The traction inverter is a crucial power device in the electric vehicle’s powertrain, and its failure is intolerable as it would considerably compromise the system’s safety. For more reliable driving, installing a traction inverter that is sufficiently resistant to electrical failure is inherent. Due to its compact size and the small number of switches incorporated in three-phase four-switch inverter, this modular topology was used to compensate for the open switch’s failure. However, it is known to have manifold weaknesses mainly distinguished in the low-frequency region. This paper introduces a new fault-tolerant indirect control that handles the IGBT’s failure constituting the traction inverter. The fault compensator is designed first based on the Proportional Integral regulator combined with the notch filter to mitigate the current imbalance and restore the DC voltage equilibrium.Furthermore, to conceive a comprehensive fault-tolerant control, there must therefore contain an accurate fault detector. In this regard, an uncomplicated fault diagnosis method based on the current spectral analysis has been performed. The effectiveness of the submitted controller was validated by simulation using Matlab.
MODIFIED DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL FOR BLDC MOTOR DRIVESijctcm
In this paper, a new adaptive reference based approach to direct torque control (DTC) method has been
proposed for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. Conventional DTC method uses two main
reference parameters as: flux and torque. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that
only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control
parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC
performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during
operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created
on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on
different working conditions. The simulation studies showed that the proposed method reduced remarkably
the speed and the torque ripples when compared the conventional DTC method. Moreover, the proposed
method has also very simple structure to apply the conventional DTC and its extra computational load to
the controller is almost zero.
A Three-to-Five-Phase Matrix Converter BasedFive- Phase Induction Motor Drive...idescitation
This paper presents a five-phase induction motor drive
system fed from a three-to-five-phase matrix converter. This
is a new concept of generating variable voltage and variable
frequency five-phase output using a special matrix converter.
This matrix converter is proposed recently which transform
the available three-phase supply to five-phase supply. Simple
carrier-based PWM scheme with enhanced approach is
employed to control the output of the matrix converter.
Enhanced approach is utilized so as to increase the output
voltage magnitude of the three-to-five-phase matrix converter.
The motor is controlled in constant v/f mode. Simulation study
is carried out for excitation, acceleration, loadingand reversing
transients. High quality dynamics are observed.
Modified approach for harmonic reduction in three-phase to seven-phase using ...IJECEIAES
Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as seven phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 7 phase using 24-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 7 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure seven-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and “SimPowerSystem” block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
This project proposes the performance of a 4- switch, 3-phase inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive
system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed realization, instead of a usual 6-switch
three-phase inverter (SSTPI) a 4-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) is used. A cost effective FSTPI fed IM
drive using Field-Oriented-Control and Space-Vector PWM controller (with new control SVPWM approach) is
implemented as a simulation model. This reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the
complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6 PWM logic signals. Furthermore, the
proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. In this paper, a simulation
model of the drive system is developed and analyzed in order to verify the effectiveness of the approach. A
performance comparison of the proposed IS3P inverter fed drive with a conventional 6S3P inverter fed drive is
also mode in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THI)) of the stator current. Simulation
results show that the proposed drive system provides a fast speed response and good disturbance rejection
capability. The designed inverter fed IM drive is found suitable considering its cost decrease.
Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming an increasingly popular motor of choice for its unique characteristics. The BLDC motor drive is assumed to have trapezoidal back-electromotive force (EMF), rectangular phase currents and together produces the desired torque. However, practical back-EMF waveform might not be exactly trapezoidal because of current ripple, design considerations and manufacturing limitations. The adverse effect is the torque ripple generated due to the current ripple that causes mechanical vibration, acoustic noise and affects the accuracy of speed and position control which is not desirable in motor operation. In this paper an algorithm is developed to control and minimize the generated torque ripple using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) scheme. The efficiency improvement of slim type BLDC motor is confirmed using MATLAB environment and low cost TI Piccolo F28035 microcontroller (MC).
The two five-phase Induction Motor (IM) drive system that is serially connected is available in literature. The power supply of such system is considered as a matrix converter (a direct AC to AC converter system) by three and five-phases outputs. The main benefit from the drive topology is the sinusoidal source as a side current with a controllable input side power factor. The decoupled control is achieved similarly to the inverter based drive system. In this paper; the decoupled control of two five-phase induction machines serially connected and powered by a five-phase matrix converter as well as analytical and simulation results are presented.
The traction inverter is a crucial power device in the electric vehicle’s powertrain, and its failure is intolerable as it would considerably compromise the system’s safety. For more reliable driving, installing a traction inverter that is sufficiently resistant to electrical failure is inherent. Due to its compact size and the small number of switches incorporated in three-phase four-switch inverter, this modular topology was used to compensate for the open switch’s failure. However, it is known to have manifold weaknesses mainly distinguished in the low-frequency region. This paper introduces a new fault-tolerant indirect control that handles the IGBT’s failure constituting the traction inverter. The fault compensator is designed first based on the Proportional Integral regulator combined with the notch filter to mitigate the current imbalance and restore the DC voltage equilibrium.Furthermore, to conceive a comprehensive fault-tolerant control, there must therefore contain an accurate fault detector. In this regard, an uncomplicated fault diagnosis method based on the current spectral analysis has been performed. The effectiveness of the submitted controller was validated by simulation using Matlab.
MODIFIED DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL FOR BLDC MOTOR DRIVESijctcm
In this paper, a new adaptive reference based approach to direct torque control (DTC) method has been
proposed for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. Conventional DTC method uses two main
reference parameters as: flux and torque. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that
only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control
parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC
performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during
operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created
on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on
different working conditions. The simulation studies showed that the proposed method reduced remarkably
the speed and the torque ripples when compared the conventional DTC method. Moreover, the proposed
method has also very simple structure to apply the conventional DTC and its extra computational load to
the controller is almost zero.
A Three-to-Five-Phase Matrix Converter BasedFive- Phase Induction Motor Drive...idescitation
This paper presents a five-phase induction motor drive
system fed from a three-to-five-phase matrix converter. This
is a new concept of generating variable voltage and variable
frequency five-phase output using a special matrix converter.
This matrix converter is proposed recently which transform
the available three-phase supply to five-phase supply. Simple
carrier-based PWM scheme with enhanced approach is
employed to control the output of the matrix converter.
Enhanced approach is utilized so as to increase the output
voltage magnitude of the three-to-five-phase matrix converter.
The motor is controlled in constant v/f mode. Simulation study
is carried out for excitation, acceleration, loadingand reversing
transients. High quality dynamics are observed.
Modified approach for harmonic reduction in three-phase to seven-phase using ...IJECEIAES
Three phase supply is available in the generating station or grid, were as seven phase supply is required for many industrial applications such as, aerospace, railway and automobile applications. There are different methods in which we can convert 3 to 7 phase using 24-Pulse Converter, Carrier Based PWM Technique, multilevel converter and Multiphase Transformer. The above said methods which are more complicated to design for higher ratings or a pure sine wave will not be obtained or harmonics will be more. For Multiphase power transmission system multiphase transformers are needed. In the multiphase power transmission and multiphase rectifier systems, the number of phase can be designed and developed in multiples of three. Therefore, the variable speed multiphase drive system considered in the literature are mostly of five, seven, nine, eleven, twelve, and fifteen phase. So, there is a need to design and develop special transformer which converts from 3 to 7 phase for different arrangement of input and output. Thus, with the proposed technique, a pure seven-phase sine-wave of fixed voltage/current and frequency is obtained, which can be used for RL load and motor testing purposes. Complete design and simulation of the proposed solution is presented. Analytical calculation and simulation results for RL load is presented in the paper. This model can be simulated by using Orcad simulation software and “SimPowerSystem” block sets of MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
DPFC is proposed in the present work to improve voltage stability of fourteen bus system during line interruption. The voltage across the load decreases due to the interruption of the line. State space method is used to calculate Line currents and bus voltages. The ability of DPFC to bring voltage, real power and reactive power to normal level is presented in this paper. The simulation results for healthy system, line interrupted system without DPFC and with DPFC are presented. The results of comparative study are presented to show the improvement in power quality. The simulation studies indicate that the power flow with DPFC during line outage is almost equal to the power during healthy condition.
Efficiency Optimized Brushless DC Motor Drive based on Input Current Harmonic...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper describes efficiency improvement of a position sensorless
brushless dc motor with improved pulse width modulation scheme for the
inverter compared to existing ones. This is based on Selective Harmonic
Elimination. The proposed method reduces Total Harmonic Distortion from
the input current and armature flux and thereby reducing the core losses.
Also the power requirement with the proposed switching technique is much
lesser than the existing switching scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
Simulation Of A 4-Switch,3-Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor (IM) Drive Systemijiert bestjournal
This paper investigates the performance of a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter (4S3P) fed cost effective induction motor (IM)drive system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 6 - switch,3 - phase inverter (6S3P) a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter is utilized. This reduces the cost of the inverter,the switching losses,and the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6PWM logic signals. The Simulation results of the proposed 4S3P inverter fed drive is also made in terms of speed response &total harmonic distortion (THD) in terms of stator current and inverter current. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is fou nd acceptable considering its cost reduction and other advantageous features. A general space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method for control of four - switch three - phase inverters is presented.
Review of the UPFC Different Models in Recent YearsIJPEDS-IAES
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the most intriguing and, potentially, the most versatile classes of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously tree parameters line impedance, voltage, phase angle and dynamic compensation of AC power system. In order to analyze its true effects on power systems, it is important to model its constraints, due to various ratings and operating limits. This paper reviews on the different models of UPFC used in recent years and gives sets of information for each model of the UPFC in AC transmission. Then the different models are compared and features of each model are examined.
space vector PWM (SVPWM), permanent magnetic synchronous motor(PMSM), field-o...IJERA Editor
Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Fed from a Photovoltaic Multil...IJERA Editor
This paper presents Direct Torque Control (DTC) using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for an induction motor drive fed from a photovoltaic multilevel inverter (PV-MLI). The system consists of two main parts PV DC power supply (PVDC) and MLI. The PVDC is used to generate DC isolated sources with certain ratios suitable for the adopted MLI. Beside the hardware system, the control system which uses the torque and speed estimation to control the load angle and to obtain the appropriate flux vector trajectory from which the voltage vector is directly derived based on direct torque control methods. The voltage vector is then generated by a hybrid multilevel inverter by employing space vector modulation (SVM). The inverter high quality output voltage which leads to a high quality IM performances. Besides, the MLI switching losses is very low due to most of the power cell switches are operating at nearly fundamental frequency. Some selected simulation results are presented for system validation.
A Review on Performance Analysis of Matrix Converter Fed AC Motor DriveIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a review on the analysis of characteristics that determines
the performance of the Matrix Converter (MC) fed AC motor drive. Review
is made based on the analysis of the different characteristics achieved in the
literature. Different characteristic parameters considered in this paper are
total harmonic distortion, common mode voltage, voltage transfer ratio and
efficiency. Comparison and analysis of these characteristic parameters is
done based on various semi conductor switches, topology, and control and modulation techniques.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis of a Four Switch 3-Phase Inverter Fed Spee...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper investigates the performance of a Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based cost-effective drive system of an induction motor (IM) for low-cost applications - high performance industrial drive systems. In this paper, the MRAS is used as a speed estimator and the motor is fed from a four-switch three-phase (FSTP) inverter instead of a conventional six- switch three-phase (SSTP) inverter. This configuration reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits, the proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. The robustness of the proposed MRAS-based FSTP inverter fed IM drive is verified by Experimental results at different operating conditions using digital signal processor (DSP1103) for a 1.1 Kw motor. A performance comparison of the proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive with a conventional SSTP inverter system is also made in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current. The proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive is found quite acceptable considering its performance, cost reduction and other advantages features.
The Journal of MC Square Scientific Research is published by MC Square Publication on the monthly basis. It aims to publish original research papers devoted to wide areas in various disciplines of science and engineering and their applications in industry. This journal is basically devoted to interdisciplinary research in Science, Engineering and Technology, which can improve the technology being used in industry. The real-life problems involve multi-disciplinary knowledge, and thus strong inter-disciplinary approach is the need of the research.
DPFC is proposed in the present work to improve voltage stability of fourteen bus system during line interruption. The voltage across the load decreases due to the interruption of the line. State space method is used to calculate Line currents and bus voltages. The ability of DPFC to bring voltage, real power and reactive power to normal level is presented in this paper. The simulation results for healthy system, line interrupted system without DPFC and with DPFC are presented. The results of comparative study are presented to show the improvement in power quality. The simulation studies indicate that the power flow with DPFC during line outage is almost equal to the power during healthy condition.
Efficiency Optimized Brushless DC Motor Drive based on Input Current Harmonic...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper describes efficiency improvement of a position sensorless
brushless dc motor with improved pulse width modulation scheme for the
inverter compared to existing ones. This is based on Selective Harmonic
Elimination. The proposed method reduces Total Harmonic Distortion from
the input current and armature flux and thereby reducing the core losses.
Also the power requirement with the proposed switching technique is much
lesser than the existing switching scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
Simulation Of A 4-Switch,3-Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor (IM) Drive Systemijiert bestjournal
This paper investigates the performance of a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter (4S3P) fed cost effective induction motor (IM)drive system for high performance industrial drive systems. In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 6 - switch,3 - phase inverter (6S3P) a 4 - switch,3 - phase inverter is utilized. This reduces the cost of the inverter,the switching losses,and the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate 6PWM logic signals. The Simulation results of the proposed 4S3P inverter fed drive is also made in terms of speed response &total harmonic distortion (THD) in terms of stator current and inverter current. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is fou nd acceptable considering its cost reduction and other advantageous features. A general space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method for control of four - switch three - phase inverters is presented.
Review of the UPFC Different Models in Recent YearsIJPEDS-IAES
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is one of the most intriguing and, potentially, the most versatile classes of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is a device which can control simultaneously tree parameters line impedance, voltage, phase angle and dynamic compensation of AC power system. In order to analyze its true effects on power systems, it is important to model its constraints, due to various ratings and operating limits. This paper reviews on the different models of UPFC used in recent years and gives sets of information for each model of the UPFC in AC transmission. Then the different models are compared and features of each model are examined.
space vector PWM (SVPWM), permanent magnetic synchronous motor(PMSM), field-o...IJERA Editor
Induction Motor are named as workhouse of Industries. Three phase induction motors are widely used in Industrial drives because of their ruggedness, reliability and simplicity in construction. The Induction Motor is fed by a cascaded H-Bridge 7 Level MLI and is controlled by Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) technique. In the current paper, Multi Carrier PWM techniques like PD, POD and APOD are used for switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVPWM). Dynamic performance of the Induction Motor is analyzed for various carrier based PWM methods. Mathematical model of Pump Load is designed and the performance of the Induction Motor Drive with Pump Load is analyzed using simulation results obtained.
This paper presents an analytical comparison between two-level inverter and three-level neutral point diode clamped inverters for electric vehicle traction purposes. The main objective of the research is to declare the main differences in the performance of the two inverter schemes in terms of the switching and conduction losses over an entire domain of the modulation index and the phase angle distribution, steady-state operation, transient operation at a wide range of speed variation, and the total harmonic distortion THD% of the line voltage output waveform. It also declares the analysis of the three-level neutral point diode clamped inverter (NPCI) obstacle and the unbalance of the DC-link capacitor voltages. The introduced scheme presents an Induction Motor (IM) drive for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Considering the dynamic operation of the EV, the speed of the three-phase induction motor is controlled using a scalar V/Hz control for the full range of the IM power factor (PF). A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink model for the proposed scheme is established.
Control of inverters to support bidirectional power flow in grid connected sy...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The hardware implementation of sensorless brushless direct current motor drive incorporating H-infinity control strategy with optimized weights by particle swarm optimization in the speed control is carried out in this work. The methodology involved in the design of brushless direct current (BLDC) motor control with sensorless position detection technique, the design of H-infinity speed controller, steps involved in particle swarm optimization for optimizing coefficients of its weights and the hardware implementation is discussed in detail in this paper. Texas Instruments microcontroller board C2000 Delfino Launchpad LAUNCHXL F28377S and driver BOOSTXL DRV8301 are used for realization of the speed controller. The code is developed using C2000 hardware support package in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. A comprehensive performance analysis is accomplished during starting of the motor and during the fast application and removal of load. This strategy is found to be robust resulting in faster load disturbance rejection and better reference speed tracking. The experimental results of the proposed strategy are compared with that of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The time domain parameters are also compared. It is found that the proposed strategy exhibits better performance characteristics during transients and sudden disturbances in load.
Simulation of 3 Phase to 3 Phase Power Conversion Using Matrix Converter with...IJERA Editor
This paper proposes a new approach of design and implementation of 3 phase to 3 phase conversion using
matrix converter. It includes the design, modeling and implementation. The entire matrix converter circuits are
developed by mathematical model so as to reduce computational time and performances of the converter are
evaluated using MATLAB/SIMULINK for RL Load. The mathematical expressions relating the input and
output of the three phase matrix converter are implemented by using simulink block set. The duty cycles of the
matrix converter bidirectional switches are calculated using modified venturini algorithm for maximum (0.866)
and minimum (0.5) voltage transfer ratio.
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Fed from a Photovoltaic Multil...IJERA Editor
This paper presents Direct Torque Control (DTC) using Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for an induction motor drive fed from a photovoltaic multilevel inverter (PV-MLI). The system consists of two main parts PV DC power supply (PVDC) and MLI. The PVDC is used to generate DC isolated sources with certain ratios suitable for the adopted MLI. Beside the hardware system, the control system which uses the torque and speed estimation to control the load angle and to obtain the appropriate flux vector trajectory from which the voltage vector is directly derived based on direct torque control methods. The voltage vector is then generated by a hybrid multilevel inverter by employing space vector modulation (SVM). The inverter high quality output voltage which leads to a high quality IM performances. Besides, the MLI switching losses is very low due to most of the power cell switches are operating at nearly fundamental frequency. Some selected simulation results are presented for system validation.
A Review on Performance Analysis of Matrix Converter Fed AC Motor DriveIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a review on the analysis of characteristics that determines
the performance of the Matrix Converter (MC) fed AC motor drive. Review
is made based on the analysis of the different characteristics achieved in the
literature. Different characteristic parameters considered in this paper are
total harmonic distortion, common mode voltage, voltage transfer ratio and
efficiency. Comparison and analysis of these characteristic parameters is
done based on various semi conductor switches, topology, and control and modulation techniques.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis of a Four Switch 3-Phase Inverter Fed Spee...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper investigates the performance of a Model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based cost-effective drive system of an induction motor (IM) for low-cost applications - high performance industrial drive systems. In this paper, the MRAS is used as a speed estimator and the motor is fed from a four-switch three-phase (FSTP) inverter instead of a conventional six- switch three-phase (SSTP) inverter. This configuration reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits, the proposed control approach reduces the computation for real-time implementation. The robustness of the proposed MRAS-based FSTP inverter fed IM drive is verified by Experimental results at different operating conditions using digital signal processor (DSP1103) for a 1.1 Kw motor. A performance comparison of the proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive with a conventional SSTP inverter system is also made in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current. The proposed FSTP inverter fed IM drive is found quite acceptable considering its performance, cost reduction and other advantages features.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
ENERGY EFFICIENT VARIABLE SPEED HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR...Journal For Research
Paper presents a new energy efficient technique of three phase AC to AC voltage control using medium frequency pulse width modulation and extinction angle control. This technique is deployed to obtain independent control on speed and power factor of the three phase induction motor, using four semiconductor controllable switches. The technique has been realized using AC freewheeling switch. Power factor (PF) of induction motor reduces as it depends on the load parameters, thus induction motor draws more current, increase stator copper losses. Increased stator copper losses of induction motor causes depreciation of power factor and efficiency. Proposed drive maintains power factor of induction motor at unity for controllable speed of the motor. Thus reduces current consumption of the motor at low speeds. Stator copper losses also reduce and efficiency of the motor is improved. Advantage of proposed drive is its higher efficiency and unity power factor with simplicity of control. .If number of motors are driven using the proposed drive, plenty of power conservation is possible.
Alternating current (AC) electrical drives mainly require smaller current (or torque) ripples and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage for excellent drive performances. Normally, in practice, to achieve these requirements, the inverter needs to be operated at high switching frequency. By operating at high switching frequency, the size of filter can be reduced. However, the inverter which oftenly employs insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) for high power applications cannot be operated at high switching frequency. This is because, the IGBT switching frequency cannot be operated above 50 kHz due to its thermal restrictions. This paper proposes an alternate switching strategy to enable the use of IGBT for operating the inverter at high switching frequency to improve THD performances. In this strategy, each IGBT in a group of switches in the modified inverter circuit will operate the switching frequency at one-fourth of the inverter switching frequency. The alternate switching is implemented using simple analog and digital integrated circuits.
Reduction of circulating current is one of the major considerations in inverter fed electrical drives. Diode clamped MLI enables higher output current per phase, thereby rating of the drive gets increased effectively. Various methods of triggering in the inverter legs creates better voltage profile and leads to the enabling of circulating current in the drive system. The induced circulating current flows through the apparatus neutral (N) and supply ground (G) is caused by the existence of parasitic capacitance. This circulating current may cause potential danger especially when parasitic capacitance poses large. In the past, different modulation techniques and conversion topologies have been introduced to minimize the flow of circulating current. However, these techniques lead to complexity, high cost, low voltage profile and efficiency due to lower modulation parameters. This paper proposes PS, POD, PD carrier shifting PWM algorithms for diode clamped MLI to tumbling the circulating current within the each phase of inverter legs. The performances of proposed algorithm, in terms of circulating current, THD, losses and efficiencies are analyzed theoreticallyand are validated via simulation and experimental results.
A Soft Switching Control Strategy Based On Interleaved Boost Converter for BL...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) based two-cell interleaved
boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for permanent magnet
brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive has been proposed.For achieving
soft switching, only one switch is used in auxiliary circuit which reduces the
torque ripple and switching losses. In this proposed control strategy, the DC
link voltage is which is proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC motor
controlled with interleaved boost converter. In this paper, six switch and four
switch VSI is implemented with interleaved boost converter topology. A
comparison is made between the six switch and four switch VSI fed
PMBLDC Motor drive and torque Analysis as been done. To validate the
proposed work, simulation study is presented. The results showed that
proposed converter control strategy operating under soft switching mode
improves the efficiency in wide range of the speed control.
Analysis of a Single Stage Three Level Converter for a Wind Driven Self Excit...idescitation
In this project work, a three phase single stage three level Converter is
implemented for a wind energy conversion system. The proposed system is designed for a
three phase wind driven Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The SEIG output is
rectified with zero-dead band condition and the output of the converter is continuous. The
three level converter is designed and the performance characteristics are studied. The three
level converter is operated at a switching frequency of 50kHz to obtain a constant three level
output. The proposed model has been simulated in MATALAB Simulink. The hardware
prototype model is developed for a lower power rating and the results are compared.
Simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using space vector modulationIJECEIAES
This paper illustrates the simulation of 3-phase matrix converter using Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Variable AC output voltage engendered using matrix converter with bidirectional power switches controlled by appropriate switching pulse. The conventional PWM converter engenders switching common mode voltage across the load system terminals, which cause to common mode current and its leads to bearing failure in load drive. These problems can be rectified using SVM and which minimize the effect on the harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage and stress on the power switch is reduced using bidirectional switch for proposed 3-phase matrix converter. The simulation results have been presented to validate the proposed system using matlab / simulink.
Similar to Performance & Analysis of Single-Phase Inverter Fed Three-phase Induction Motor Drives (20)
Since so many years a problem occurs in KSB Pump Va mbori for casting process i.e. cracks occurs in the castings & it is repeated one. Therefore the compan y has given opportunity to me to solve this problem . In case of steel casting there are mainly cracks & also blo w holes induced due to the casting procedure. There are many factors for the casting defects .The factor is unev en material feeding in casting & also due to the mo uld material & also the core material. These cracks finally brea k directly the component of the casting i.e. in cas e of pump the casting component is like Impeller,Volute casing & casing cover. At the time of feeding of steel material in to the casting the material is in liquid us form i.e. it i s hot material & this material is feeding into casting at the time o f feeding it develop different region of heat. At o ne side the temp is high &at other side the temp is low this also pr oduce cracks. To simulate that casting we use the M AGMA SOFTWARE for simulation & validate it using NDT.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF SIMPLE SPUR GEAR TRAIN AND HELICAL GEAR TRAI...ijiert bestjournal
In recent times,the gear design has become a highl y complicated and comprehensive subject. A designer of modern gear drive system must have to r emember that the main objective of gear drive is to transmit higher power with comparatively smaller overall dim ensions of the driving system which can be construc ted with minimum possible manufacturing cost,runs reas onably free of noise and vibration and which requir es little maintenance. In this paper single stage spur gear t rain and helical gear train with a idler gear are d esigned by American Gear Manufacturing Association (AGMA) stan dard. A idler gear is placed between two gearwheel to obtained the same direction of rotation. AGMA stres s equation is used to determined the tooth bending strength and surface contact strength. As a result,dimensio ns of gears are find out and comparative study is c arried out to select the optimum design of gear train for a give n input parameter
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL LEAF SPRING AND COMPOSITE LEAFijiert bestjournal
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring,commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. It is also one of the oldest forms of spring. Sometimes referred to as a semielliptical l eaf spring (SELS) it takes the form of a slender ar c-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross section. The centre of the arc p rovides location for the axle,while tie holes are provided at either end for attaching to the vehicle body. In the present work,a seven-leaf steel spring use d in passenger cars is replaced with a composite mu lti leaf spring made of glass/epoxy composites. The dimensions sand the num ber of leaves for both steel leaf spring and compos ite leaf springs are considered to be the same. The primary objective is to compare their load carrying capacity,stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring. Finally,fatigue life of steel and com posite leaf spring is also predicted using life dat a
Brimmed diffuser is collection�acceleration device which shrouds a wind turbine.For a given turbine di ameter,the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed diffuser,p opularly known as wind lens. The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low pressure region created by wind l ens and hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by a brim attached to the shroud diffuser at exit. Also in this analysis,a c omparative numerical prediction of mass flow rates through the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of wind lens wh ich in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentati on. It has been numerically proved that there is significant increase in the wa ke formation & vortex strength when brimming effect is added to a diffuser
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONNECTING ROD OF MG-ALLOY ijiert bestjournal
The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production,critical component. It co nnects reciprocating piston to rotating crankshaft,transmitting the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft. Every vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod depending upon the number of cylinders in the engine. As the purp ose of the connecting rod is to transfer the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Connecting ro ds for automotive applications are typically manufactured by forging from either w rought steel or powdered metal. the material used f or this process is Mg-Alloy and also finite element analysis of connecting rod
REVIEW ON CRITICAL SPEED IMPROVEMENT IN SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE VALVE TRAINijiert bestjournal
The purpose of valve train is to operate the inlet and outlet valves of the engine. The valve train m ainly consists of rocker arm,push rod,cam,poppet valve and spring for kee p the valves closed position. The Greaves G400WG en gine valve train is operated at the maximum speed of 3600 rpm. The main objective of this project is to improve the valve train speed up to safe speed limit that is up to 5000 rpm. The valve spring parameters are optimized based on space availability,stress limit,stiffness,buckl ing of pushrod and natural frequency of the system. The optimized valv e spring configuration is used in the push rod type valve train and the valve train dynamics for different engine speed is studie d using commercially available multi-body dynamic A DMAS software. A comparative valve train dynamics analysis is also c arried out with the existing and optimized valve sp ring combinations. It is observed that valve jump engine speed with respect to optimized valve spring is enhanced to considerab le amount when compared to the existing valve spring configuration. Design improvements include detail study on following topi cs:1. Valve Spring Stiffness. 2. Push rod buckling. 3. Valve closing Velocity. 4. Contact stress between cam and follower
ENERGY CONVERSION PHENOMENON IN IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER LIFTING BY USING PEND...ijiert bestjournal
This paper consist of working of reciprocating pump which is driven by a compound pendulum. It provide s the energy required to lift the water from a tank placed approximately several meter below the ground level. Basic application of the mechanism will be for watering the garden which will be operated by means of operation opening and closing of entrance gate. Paper consists of basic concept,design of pump and compound pendulum mecha nism and fabricationed model. The concept can also be implemented in the rural areas,having the problem of electric supply. We aim at making a prototype for providing some me an for pumping of water by the pump which requires less human efforts,conside ring cost effectiveness,easy to operate and portab le mechanism.
The IC engine has seen numerous revolutionary and e volutionary modifications in technology and design over the past few decades. The sole motto behind the modifications wa s to increase the overall efficiency of the IC Engi ne including volumetric and thermal efficiency. Recently few benchmarking techn ologies like the CRDI,MPFI,HCCI,etc. in the Otto cycle and Diesel cycle engines have created an enormous revolution in the automobile industry. In spite of these technologica l and design advances,the efficiencies are not being more than a particular l imit. However,the concept of split cycle engines has dra stically increased the overall performance in all respect. The split cycle concept basically separates the fou r strokes of the conventional cycle. The Scuderi engine one of the best-in-class engine desi gns based on the split cycle concept. The Scuderi engine works on the split cycle and gives higher efficiency than the previous split cycle engines resulting overall high perform ance. It also eliminates the problems faced by previous engines based on the spl it cycle in terms of breathing (volumetric efficien cy) and thermal efficiency. This paper throws light on the greater volumetric,thermal and overall efficiency key points related t o the Scuderi Engines.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN JOURNAL BEARING OPERAT...ijiert bestjournal
The excessive rise of temperature in the journal be aring operating at boundary/mixed lubrication regim es. Journal bearing test set- up is used to measure the temperature along the cir cumference of the bearing specimen for different lo ading conditions. Here in this journal bearing of l/d ratio 1,diameter of jo urnal is 60mm and the bearing length is 60mm,clear ance is .06mm has been designed and tested to access the temperature rise of the bearing. The result shows that as the load o n the bearing is increasing temperature also increasing. Temperature analysis o f journal bearing is also done by the Ansys workben ch software
STUDY OF SOLAR THERMAL CAVITY RECEIVER FOR PARABOLIC CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR ijiert bestjournal
Energy is one of the building blocks of the country . The growth of the country has been fueled by chea p,abundant energy resources. Solar energy is a form of renewable ener gy which is available abundantly and collected unre servedly. The parabolic concentrator reflects the direct incident solar rad iation onto a receiver mounted above the dish at it s focal point. The conversion of concentrated solar radiation to heat takes place in receiver. The heat transfer characteristics of the receiver changes during the rotation of the receiver which affects thermal performance. The working temperature may also influence the ther mal performance and overall efficiency of the system. Thermal as well as optica l losses affect the performance of a solar paraboli c dish-cavity receiver system. The thermal losses of a solar cavity receiver include c onvective and radiative losses to the air in the ca vity and conductive heat loss through the insulation used behind the helical tube surface. Convective and radiative heat losses form the major constituents of the thermal losses. The convection heat loss from cavit y receiver in parabolic dish solar thermal power sy stem can significantly reduce the efficiency and consequently the cost effectiveness of the system. It is important to assess this heat loss and subsequently improve the thermal performance of the receiver.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CRANKSHAFTijiert bestjournal
Crankshaft is a crucial component in an engine asse mbly. Crankshaft is consisting of two web sections and one crankpin,which converts the reciprocating displacement of the pist on to a rotary motion with a four link mechanism. G enerally crankshafts are manufactured using cast iron and forged steel mater ial. In this work to design and finite element anal ysis of crankshaft of 4 cylinder petrol engine of Maruti swift Vxi. of 1200 cubic capacity. The finite element analysis in ABA QUS software by using six materials based on their composition viz. Cast iron,EN30B,SAE4340,Structural steel,C70 Alloy steel and Aluminium based composite material reinforced with silicon carbide & fly ash. The parameter like von misses stress,deformation;maximum and minimum principal stress & strain were obtained from analysis software. The results of Finite element show that t he Aluminium based composite material is best mater ial among all. Compare the result like weight and Stiffness parameter. It is resulted of 65.539 % of weight,with reduction i n deformation.
ELECTRO CHEMICAL MACHINING AND ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESSES MICRO...ijiert bestjournal
Nowadays,necessity of small components is a common trend. These requirements encourage the researcher s to develop very minutest size components to fulfill the demand. The manufact uring of these type of components is a difficult ob ligation and for that various machining methods are develop to manufacture such c omponents. In this article the Electro Chemical mac hining and Electrical Discharge Machining is reviewed. We tried to summar ize the work of various researchers. The study show s that this type of machining processes gives good alternative.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY USING NANOFLUID JET IMPINGEMENTijiert bestjournal
An experimental investigation was carried out for s tudying the heat transfer performance of the water-Al2O3 (28nm average particle size) nanofluid inside a liquid evacuated impinging jet system dest ined to the cooling of circular target surface. Results have shown that th e surface heat transfer coefficient increases consi derably when the mass flow rate is increased,but is relatively insensitive to the nozzle-to heated-surface distance. It was foun d that the use of a nanofluid can provide a heat transfer enhancement when compared t o water. Thus most practical applications of jet im pingement occur in industries where the heat transfer requirements hav e exceeded capacity of ordinary heating and cooling techniques. This work presents and discusses the results of an experiment al investigation of heat transfer between the horiz ontal smooth plate of impinged jets.
MODIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL SANDWICH PANELS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH ijiert bestjournal
The demand for bigger,faster and lighter moving ve hicles,such as ships,trains,trucks and buses has increased the importance of efficient str uctural arrangements. In principle two approaches exist to develop efficient structures:e ither application of new materials or the use of new structural design. A proven and well-establi shed solution is the use of composite materials and sandwich structures. In this way high strength to weight ratio and minimum weight can be obtained. The sandwich structures have potential to offer a w ide range of attractive design solutions. In addition to the obtained weight reduction,these so lutions can often bring space savings,fire resistance,noise control and improved heating and cooling performance. Laser-welded metallic sandwich panels offer a number of outstand ing properties allowing the designer to develop light and efficient structural configuratio ns for a large variety of applications. These panels have been under active investigations during the last 15 years in the world.
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM HONEYCOMB SANDWICH PANEL BUMPER BEAM: A REVIEW ijiert bestjournal
Bumper is a energy absorbing protective element whi ch absorb the energy in front collision and protect valuable parts like radiator etc. Bumper is act like protect ive shield generally made of steel material. As eco nomic point of view and to reduce consumption of fuel manufacturin g of light weight vehicle is requirement of current situation. Application of composite material in automobile sec tor is now day common thing. Aluminum honeycomb san dwich panel is basically material from aerospace industri es and known for its high strength to weight ratio. Sandwich structure basically having its properties due to ge ometry. To determine various properties of sandwich structure conducting experiments is expensive,so generally F EA is used .However complex geometry is hurdle so t here are various theories are available for simplification o f model. These theories convert 3D model in to homo genous model .As far as concerning India manufacturing rate of s andwich structure is very less,so generally cost i s more. Greatest giant manufacturer is china we can observe their bu llet train and metro transport facility constructio n. Recently in march 2014 largest selling Indian cars are failed in NCap test in 100% frontal crash test. So requirement of more energy absorbing material with economy cons ideration is important.
Robotic welding requires specialized fixtures to ac curately hold the work piece during the welding operation. Despite the large variety of welding fix tures available today the focus has shifted in maki ng the welding arms more versatile,not the fixture. T he new fixture design reduces cycle time and operat or labor while increasing functionality;and allows co mplex welding operations to be completed on simple two axis welding arms
ADVANCED TRANSIENT THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF DISC BRAKE BY USING ANS...ijiert bestjournal
In these paper structural fields of the solid disc brake during short and emergency braking with four different materials is studied. The distribution of the tempe rature depends on the various factors such as frict ion,surface roughness and speed. The effect of the angular velo city and the contact pressure induces the temperatu re rise of disc brake. The finite element simulation for three -dimensional model was preferred due to the heat fl ux ratio constantly distributed in circumferential direction . Here value of temperature,friction contact power,nodal displacement and deformation for different pressure condition using analysis software with four materi als namely cast iron,cast steel,aluminium and carbon fibre reinforced plastic are taken. Presently the D isc brakes are made up of cast iron and cast steel. With the v alue of simulation result best suitable material fo r the brake drum with higher life span is determined.
REVIEW ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-ASBESTOS COMPOSITE MATERIAL USED IN BR...ijiert bestjournal
Metallic matrix composites are combinations of two or more different metals inter metallic compounds or second phases in which dispersed phases are embe dded within the metallic matrix. They are produced by controlling the morphologies of the constituents to achieve optimum combination of properties. Properties of the composites depend on the properti es of the constituent phases,their relative amount,and dispersed phase geometry including particle siz e,shape and orientation in the matrix. In this pap er,The mechanical properties,behaviour and micro stru ctural evolution of aluminium metal matrix metallic composites fabricated under various process conditi ons were investigated to understand their process- structure�property relations by optimization proces s. Addition of silicon carbide to aluminum has show n an increase in its mechanical properties.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON SEED OIL FOR MULT...ijiert bestjournal
A lubricant is a substance that reduces friction an d wear by providing a protective film between two moving surfaces. Good lubricants possess the proper ties such as low toxicity,high viscosity index,hi gh load carrying capacity,excellent coefficient of fr iction,good anti-wear capability,low emission int o the environment,high ignition temperature. So tribolog y related problems can be minimized by proper selection of lubricant from wear consideration. Tod ay,the depletion of reserves of crude oil,the gro wing prices of crude oil and concern about protecting th e environment against pollution have developed the interest towards environment-friendly lubricants. B ecause of these the purpose of this work is to eval uate the anti-wear characteristics of cottonseed oil and to check the suitability of cottonseed oil as a lu bricant for multi-cylinder engine. Four ball testing machin e is used for anti-wear testing as per ASTM D 4172. The wear preventive characteristic of cottonseed oi l is obtained by measuring wear scar diameter. The present study shows the potential of cotton seed oi l as an alternating lubricant.
Magnetic abrasive finishing is a machining process where the tooling allowance is remove by media wi th both magnetic and abrasive properties,with a magnetic f ield acting as a binder of a grain. Such machining falls into the category of erosion by abrasive suspension and lend itself to the finishing of any type of surface . The possibility of finishing complex surfaces is a spec ial benefit of this machining. Magnetic abrasive fi nishing process is most suitable for obtaining quality fini sh on metallic and non-metallic surfaces. Magnetic abrasive finishing used for complicated product finishing & Roughness and tolerance band achieved that is diffi cult using conventional machine process. The product dimension al requirement easily possible with taking trial wi th MAF parameters.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Performance & Analysis of Single-Phase Inverter Fed Three-phase Induction Motor Drives
1. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
ISSN: 2394-3696
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1 JAN-2015
1 | P a g e
Performance & Analysis of Single-Phase Inverter Fed Three-phase
Induction Motor Drives
Prof. Mohasin S. Bijali
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shivaji University / D.Y. Patil Technical Campus, Talsande,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Prof. Aniket C. Daiv
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shivaji University / D.Y. Patil Technical Campus, Talsande,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Prof. Abhijit S. Patil
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shivaji University / D.Y. Patil Technical Campus, Talsande,
Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
In the proposed approach, instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single phase inverter is
utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the complexity of interface circuits to generate
logic signals. A performance comparison of the proposed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed
drive is also mode in terms of speed response and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current. The proposed
inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable considering its cost reduction and other advantageous features.
A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for control of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vector PWM offers
a simple method to select three or four vectors that effectively synthesize the desired output voltage, even in presence of
voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacitors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage
symmetry, current waveform, switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper also
discusses how the use of the wye and delta connections of the motor windings affects the implementation of the pulse
width modulator.
Keywords: phase inverter, total harmonic distortion; vector PWM, induction motor, different switching pattern
INTRODUCTION
Over the years induction motor (IM) has been utilized as a workhorse in the industry due to its easy build, high
robustness, and generally satisfactory efficiency [I]. With the invention of high speed power semiconductor devices
three-phase inverters play the key role for variable speed ac motor drives. Traditionally, 6-switch, 3-phase (6S3P)
inverters hive been widely utilized for variable speed Induction motor drives. This involves the losses of the six
switches as well as the complexity of the control algorithms and interface circuits to generate six PWM logic signals In
the past, researchers mainly concentrated on the development of the efficient control algorithms for high performance
variable speed IM drives [3] However, the cost, simplicity and flexibility of the overall drive system which become
some of the most important factors did not get that much attention to the researchers. That’s why, despite tremendous
research in this area most of the developed control system failed to attract the industry. Thus, the main issue of this
paper is to develop a cost effective, simple and efficient high performance IM drive. This paper presents a general
method to generate pulse width modulated (PWM) signals for control of four-switch, three phase voltage source
inverters, even when there are voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacitors. The method is based on the so
called space vector modulation, and includes the scalar version. The proposed method provides a simple way to select
either three, or four vectors to synthesize the desired output voltage during the switching period. In the proposed
approach, the selection between three or four vectors is parameterized by a single variable. This permits to implement
all alternatives, thus allowing for a fair comparison of the different modulation techniques. The paper also discusses
how the use of the wye and delta connections of the motor windings affects the implementation of the pulse width
modulator. The utilization of an induction motor, with its windings connected in delta is studied here as an alternative to
reduce the dc link voltage used, in respect to the Wye connections. For the Wye connections it is investigated, how the
common-mode voltage can be reduced. The reduction of the common mode voltage permits to mitigate effects of
common mode currents, which commonly are responsible for damage of motor bearings and bearing lubrication
Simulation and experimental results illustrate the use of the FSTPI to supply a three-phase induction motor. Most of the
reported works on 4S3P inverter for machine drives did not consider the closed loop vector control scheme, which is
essential for high performance drives [4]. Usually, high performance motor drives used in robotics, rolling mills
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,machine tools, etc. require fast and accurate response, quick recovery of speed from any disturbances and insensitivity
to parameter variations. The dynamic behavior of an ac motor can be significantly improved using vector control theory
where motor variables are transformed into an orthogonal set of d-q axes such that speed and torque can be controlled
separately. This gives the IM machine the highly desirable dynamic performance capabilities of a separately excited dc
machine, while retaining the general advantages of the ac over dc motors
Fig. 1. AC drive system configurations
The 4 switches makes the inverter less cost, less switching losses, less chances of destroying the switches due to lesser
interaction among switches, less complexity of control algorithms and interface circuits as compared to the conventional
6S3P inverter. The performance of the proposed drive is investigated both theoretical and experimentally at different
operating conditions. Performance comparison of the proposed 4-switch 3-phase inverter fed drive with a conventional
6-switch, 3-phase inverter fed drive is also made in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator current and
speed response. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable considering its cost reduction and other
advantageous features mentioned earlier.
MODELING OF THE DRIVE SYSTEM AND CONTROL APPROACH
The complete drive system modeling involves the modeling of the IM, inverter and the controller, which are discussed
in the following subsections:
Inverter model:
Fig. 1 presents the circuit diagrams of the four-switch three-phase dc/ac converter when fed by a single-phase or a three-
phase diode rectifier. Two different single-phase input topologies are shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b) while a three-phase
solution is shown in Fig. 1(c). The B4 inverter employs four switches and four diodes to generate two line-to-line
voltages Vab & Vac whereas Vbc is generated according to Kirchhoff’s voltage law from a split capacitor bank. Due to
the circuit configuration, the maximum obtainable peak value of the line-to-line voltage equals Vdc/2.In order to get a
higher dc-link voltage, an input transformer can be considered as shown in Fig. 1(c) or in the single-phase version one
wire is connected to the dc bus as shown in Fig. 1(b).
The power circuit of the IM fed from 4S3P voltage-source inverter is shown in Fig. 3 (a). The circuit consists of two
parts; first part is afront-end rectifier powered from single-phase supply. The output dc voltage is smoothed through a
two series connected capacitors. The second part of the power circuit is the three-phase four-switch inverter.The
maximum obtainable peak value of the line voltages equals Vdc, in the analysis, the inverter switches are considered as
ideal switches.The output voltages are defined by the gating signals of the two leg switches and by the two dc link
voltages, Vdc.The phase voltage equations of the motor can be written as a function of the switching logic of the
switches and the dc-link voltage Vdc [5] by the following equations
Where,
Va, Vb, Vc inverter output voltages;
Vdc voltage across the dc link capacitors
Sa, Sb switching function for each phase leg
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Fig. 2.Converter circuit diagram for a B4 inverter. (a) Single-phase diode rectifier and low dc-link voltage. (b) Single-phase
diode rectifier and high dc-link voltage. (C) Three-phase rectifier.
[ ]124
3
−−= ba
dc
a SS
V
V (1)
[ ]124
3
−−= ab
dc
b SS
V
V (2)
[ ]122
3
+−−= ba
dc
c SS
V
V (3)
If Sa = 1 then T1 is on and T2 is off;
If Sa = 0 then T1 is off and T2 is on.
If Sb = 1 then T3 is on and T4 is off;
If Sb = 0 then T3 is off and T2 is on.
In matrix form above equation can be written as
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Fig. 3. (a) IM fed from 3P4S inverter;
(b) Switching vectors for 4-switch inverter.
For a balanced capacitor voltages, the four switching combinations lead to four voltage vectors as shown in Fig. 3(b)
[5]. Table I shows the different mode of operation and the corresponding output voltage vector of the inverter by which
we can come to know the exact amplitude of the line voltage of the inverter
Inverter Modes of Operation
Switching
functions
Switch
on
Output voltage
sa sb Va Vb vc
0 0 T2 T4 -Vdc/3 -Vdc/3 2vdc/3
0 1 T2 T3 Vdc vdc -2vdc
1 0 T1 T4 Vdc/3 Vdc/3 -3vdc/3
1 1 T1 T3 Vdc/3 Vdc/3 -2vdc/3
Table I: it gives the Value of line voltage of the inverter at different switching cycles
IM Model
The mathematical model of a three-phase, Y-connected induction motor and the load is given by the following
equations in the de-qe synchronously rotating reference frameas [1].
Where
VedsVeqs q, d-axis stator voltages,
Ieds,ieqs, q,d-axis stator currents,
iedrieqrq,d-axis rotor currents,
Rs,Rr stator and rotor resistances per phase
Lm mutual inductance,
ω r Τhe rotor speed,
P number of poles,
p differential operator,
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Te electromagnetic developed torque, TL loadtorque,Jmis the rotor inertia, Bm rotor
damping Coefficient
θ rotor position.
rm
r
mLe B
dt
d
JTT ω
ω
++= (7)
rdt
rd ωθ = (8)
The motor parameters are given in the Appendix [2]
Controller Model
Two independent sinusoidal band hysteresis current controllers are used to force the phases ‘a’ and ‘b’ currents to
follow their commands [9]. These commands are generated from the vector control and speed control loops as shown in
Fig. 2. The outputs of the controllers are in the form of four logics. Those logics are used to switch on and off the
inverter power switches. In the speed control loop, a conventional PI controller is used to regulate the speed to follow its
command speed. The PI controller gains are obtained by trial and error (k p = 0.3, ki= 0.05) compromising between the
settling time and overshoot/undershoot so that all of them can be in acceptable ranges.
Fig.No. 4 Proposed Control Scheme
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The proposed vector control scheme is shown in Fig. 2. The speed error is processed through a PI controller to generate
the torque producing component of the stator current (iq
*
). The magnetizing component of the stator currents id
*
along
with iq
*
are then used to generate the reference currents ia
*
,ib
*
, and ic
*
. The reference currents are formulated as follows:
θθ sincos ***
qda iii −= (8)
)120sin()120cos( 0*0**
−−−= θθ qdb iii (9)
)240sin()240cos( 0*0**
−−−= θθ qdc iii (10)
Two independent hysteresis current controller with a suitable hysteresis band are used to command the motor currents ia,
and ibto follow the reference currents. The hysteresis controllers also generate four switching signals which will fire the
power semiconductor devices of the three phase inverter to produce the actual voltages to the motor.
SIMULATION & RESULTS
In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverter configuration and its control strategy, first acomputer
simulation model is model developed inMATLAB/Simulink software
Fig. Simulation Model
Simulation Results
N (rpm)
t (sec)
Fig.(a)
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ir, is (A)
t (sec)
Fig. (b)
ia, ia, ic (A)
t (sec)
Fig.(c)
Fig.No.5 Simulation Response of Proposed Inverter
Fig.(a) Speed, Fig.(b) Current is,ir,Fig.(c) Steady state 3phase currents
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed control approach reduces the cost of the inverter, the switching losses, and the complexity of the control
algorithms and interface circuits as compared to the conventional 6Switch 3Phase inverter based drive. The vector
control scheme is incorporated in the integrated drive system to achieve high performance. The performance of the
proposed drive is investigated both theoretically and experimentally at different operating conditions. A performance
comparison of the proposed 4S3P inverter fed drive with a conventional 6S3Pinverter fed drive is also made interms of
the stator current and speed response. The proposed 4S3P inverter fed IM drive isfound acceptable for high performance
industrial variable speed drive applications considering its cost reduction and other advantageous features
References
[1] Bose, B.K. Power Electronics and AC Drives, Prentice Hall, 1995.
[2] F. Blaabjerg. D. O. Neaesu and J. K. Pedersen.“Adaptive SVM to Compensate Dc-Link Voltage Ripple for Four-
Switch.Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter".IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. [4.No.4.July 1999, pp.743-731].
[3] H. W. van Der Broeck and J. D. Van Wyk, “A comparative investigation of a three-phase induction machine drive
with a component minimized voltage-fed inverter under different control options,” IEEE Trans. Ind.Applicat., vol. IA-
20, pp. 309–320, Mar./Apr. 1984.
[4] C. B. Jacohma. M. B. R. Correa. E.R.C da Silva and A. M. N. Lima,”Induction Motor Drive System for Low Power
Applications", IEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conf. Record 1997.New Orleans, Louisiana, USA p.605-612.
[5] F. Blaabjerg, S. Freysson, H. H. Hansen, and S. Hansen, “A new optimized space-vector modulation strategy for a
component-minimized voltage source inverter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics., vol. 12, no. 4,pp. 704–714, Jul. 1997.
[6] G. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “VSI-PWM rectifier/inverter system with a reduced switch count,” in Proc. IEEE-IAS
Annu. Meeting, 1995, pp. 2327–2332.
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[7] Maurício Beltrão de Rossiter Corrêa, Cursino Brandão Jacobina, Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva, and Antonio
Marcus Nogueira Lima, “A General PWM Strategy for Four-SwitchThree-Phase Inverter”,IEEE Trans.on power
electronics, vol. 21, no. 6,pp. 1618-1627, November 2006
[8] J. Holtz, “Pulse width modulation—A survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 410–420, 1992.
[9] ]R. J. Cruisc. C. F. Landy and M. IMcCullam. "Evaluation of ReducedTopology Phase-Converter Operating a
Three-phase Induction Motor".IEEE Trans.EMDC Conf. Record 1999. Seattle. USA, pp.466-468
[10] S. Bolognani, R. Oboe, and M. Zigliotto, “Extended Kalman filter tuning in sensorless PMSM drives,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Applications, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1741-1747, Nov-Dec. 2002.”
[11] P. Enjeti and A. Rahman, “A new single phase to three phase converterwith active input current shaping for low
cost ac motor drives,” in Proc.
IAS ’90, pp. 935–939.
[12] G. T. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “VSI-PWM inverter/rectifier system with areduced switch count,” in Proc. IAS ’95, pp.
2327–2332.