This document presents a single phase to three phase matrix converter topology for electric traction drives. The matrix converter replaces the conventional AC-DC-AC conversion stages with a single direct AC-AC conversion stage, removing the need for an intermediate DC link. The operation and control of the matrix converter is analyzed using a separation and link approach, treating it as two equivalent circuits during the positive and negative periods of the source voltage. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation control is used to generate switching signals to control the bi-directional switches and regulate the output voltage and frequency delivered to the three phase traction motor. Simulation results indicate this matrix converter is a feasible replacement for existing traction drive systems.
This document presents a single phase to three phase matrix converter topology for electric traction drives. The matrix converter replaces the multiple conversion stages of a conventional AC-DC-AC converter with a single stage direct AC-AC conversion. The converter analysis is presented using a separation and link approach, which treats the converter as two equivalent circuits during the positive and negative periods of the AC source voltage. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation control is used to control the bi-directional switches in the converter in order to obtain the desired three phase output voltage and frequency for driving an induction traction motor. Simulation results indicate this matrix converter is a feasible replacement for the conversion stages in existing AC traction drive systems.
This document presents a matrix converter topology for single-phase to three-phase AC power conversion for electric rail traction applications. The converter replaces the conventional multi-stage AC-DC-AC conversion with a single-stage direct AC-AC conversion. The matrix converter operation is analyzed using a separation and link approach, and sinusoidal pulse width modulation control is used. Simulation results show the feasibility of the matrix converter for retrofitting existing AC traction drive systems with a single-stage power conversion topology.
- The document is an exam paper for the subject Power System I. It contains two sections - Section A and Section B, with 4 questions each. Students have to answer any 3 questions from each section.
- The questions cover various topics related to power systems including transformer and transmission line modeling, fault analysis, symmetrical components, load flow analysis, relay protection and power flow through transmission lines.
- The questions involve derivations, calculations, explanations and numerical problems related to the power system topics. Diagrams and data are provided with some questions.
This document discusses the development and structure of the Swedish power system. It began with hydroelectric power stations and later added coal and nuclear power plants. A 220-400kV transmission system was developed to transmit power from northern hydroelectric sources to industrial areas in the south and middle of Sweden. Today the system includes high voltage transmission lines, transformers and substations connecting large centralized power plants ranging from 1000MW to individual consumer needs of kW. The main sources of electricity in Sweden are now hydroelectric, nuclear and some combined heat and power, with hydro and nuclear providing most generation.
The document provides an overview of power system analysis and modeling. It discusses modeling of various power system components like generators, transformers, transmission lines, and induction motors using equivalent circuits. It also covers per unit calculations and formation of impedance and reactance diagrams from a single line diagram. The document further discusses power flow analysis using bus admittance matrix and different iterative methods. It covers balanced and unbalanced fault analysis using symmetrical components. It concludes with discussing power system stability including steady state, transient, and voltage stability.
The document is about power system analysis and contains the following information:
1. It discusses the advantages of per unit computation such as manufacturers specifying impedance in per unit values and impedances being within a narrow range even for widely different ratings.
2. It asks questions related to load flow analysis, types of buses, Jacobian matrix, need for slack bus, and static load flow equations.
3. It covers topics like power flow solution methods, representation of loads, need for base values, and applications of bus admittance matrix in load flow analysis.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document presents a single phase to three phase matrix converter topology for electric traction drives. The matrix converter replaces the multiple conversion stages of a conventional AC-DC-AC converter with a single stage direct AC-AC conversion. The converter analysis is presented using a separation and link approach, which treats the converter as two equivalent circuits during the positive and negative periods of the AC source voltage. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation control is used to control the bi-directional switches in the converter in order to obtain the desired three phase output voltage and frequency for driving an induction traction motor. Simulation results indicate this matrix converter is a feasible replacement for the conversion stages in existing AC traction drive systems.
This document presents a matrix converter topology for single-phase to three-phase AC power conversion for electric rail traction applications. The converter replaces the conventional multi-stage AC-DC-AC conversion with a single-stage direct AC-AC conversion. The matrix converter operation is analyzed using a separation and link approach, and sinusoidal pulse width modulation control is used. Simulation results show the feasibility of the matrix converter for retrofitting existing AC traction drive systems with a single-stage power conversion topology.
- The document is an exam paper for the subject Power System I. It contains two sections - Section A and Section B, with 4 questions each. Students have to answer any 3 questions from each section.
- The questions cover various topics related to power systems including transformer and transmission line modeling, fault analysis, symmetrical components, load flow analysis, relay protection and power flow through transmission lines.
- The questions involve derivations, calculations, explanations and numerical problems related to the power system topics. Diagrams and data are provided with some questions.
This document discusses the development and structure of the Swedish power system. It began with hydroelectric power stations and later added coal and nuclear power plants. A 220-400kV transmission system was developed to transmit power from northern hydroelectric sources to industrial areas in the south and middle of Sweden. Today the system includes high voltage transmission lines, transformers and substations connecting large centralized power plants ranging from 1000MW to individual consumer needs of kW. The main sources of electricity in Sweden are now hydroelectric, nuclear and some combined heat and power, with hydro and nuclear providing most generation.
The document provides an overview of power system analysis and modeling. It discusses modeling of various power system components like generators, transformers, transmission lines, and induction motors using equivalent circuits. It also covers per unit calculations and formation of impedance and reactance diagrams from a single line diagram. The document further discusses power flow analysis using bus admittance matrix and different iterative methods. It covers balanced and unbalanced fault analysis using symmetrical components. It concludes with discussing power system stability including steady state, transient, and voltage stability.
The document is about power system analysis and contains the following information:
1. It discusses the advantages of per unit computation such as manufacturers specifying impedance in per unit values and impedances being within a narrow range even for widely different ratings.
2. It asks questions related to load flow analysis, types of buses, Jacobian matrix, need for slack bus, and static load flow equations.
3. It covers topics like power flow solution methods, representation of loads, need for base values, and applications of bus admittance matrix in load flow analysis.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
This document outlines experiments related to power system simulation laboratory. It includes 10 experiments covering topics like computation of transmission line parameters, modeling of transmission lines, formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices, load flow analysis using different methods, fault analysis, stability analysis of single machine and multimachine systems, electromagnetic transients, load-frequency dynamics, and economic dispatch. The document provides theoretical background and procedures for conducting each experiment using MATLAB software. Sample problems are also included for some experiments to demonstrate the modeling and simulation of different power system components and analysis.
This document summarizes key concepts about three-phase systems. It defines a three-phase system as having three sinusoidal voltages differing in phase by 120 degrees. The voltages can form a positive or negative sequence. Three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their ability to transmit more power with less material. Formulas are provided for calculating line voltages, currents, and power in balanced and unbalanced three-phase systems. Advantages of three-phase systems like constant torque and easier starting of motors are also discussed.
Power System Simulation Lab (Formation of Y-Bus & Z-Bus Matrix)Mathankumar S
This document provides information and instructions for an experiment on power system simulation involving the formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices. It includes:
- The objective to understand the formation of network matrices and solve sample networks.
- Data for a 3-bus, 3-line power system including line parameters, transformer data if present, and shunt element information.
- Instructions for students to input the data, run simulations in power system software to form the bus admittance matrix, and output the results.
This document provides a summary of key concepts from Chapter 2 on AC circuits. It discusses instantaneous, average, and active power calculations. It defines reactive power as the oscillating component of instantaneous power. It examines power calculations for resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. Power triangles and complex power are introduced. Power factor correction methods are described. Complex power flow between buses is discussed. Key concepts for three-phase circuits like phase sequence, line voltages, and per-phase analysis are covered. Formulas are provided for calculating real, reactive, and complex power in balanced three-phase systems.
POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB-1 MANUAL (ELECTRICAL - POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING )Mathankumar S
This document discusses the computation of parameters for single and double circuit transmission lines. It provides the theoretical background on line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance. Formulas are given for calculating inductance and capacitance based on the geometric mean distance and radius for different conductor arrangements including single circuit, three phase symmetrical, asymmetrical transposed lines and double circuit transposed lines. Sample exercises are given to calculate the inductance and capacitance of given transmission line configurations and verify the results using software.
1. The document describes the process of load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson power flow method.
2. The Newton-Raphson power flow method uses Newton's method to solve the nonlinear power balance equations to determine the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in the power system.
3. It derives the real and reactive power balance equations, defines the power flow variables, describes calculating the Jacobian matrix and its elements, and provides an example of applying the method to a two bus system to solve for the unknown voltage magnitude and angle at the second bus.
Power System Analysis was a core subject for Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Based On Anna University Syllabus. The Whole Subject was there in this document.
Share with it ur friends & Follow me for more updates.!
This document contains a practical work book for a power system analysis course. It includes 10 experiments on topics like analysis of three phase star and delta connected systems under balanced and unbalanced loads, demonstration of the single phase equivalent of a three phase star connected network, simulation of three phase short circuits using MATLAB, selection of circuit breakers for three phase faults, and analysis of transients in power systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn and apply concepts related to power system modeling, analysis, and protection.
Adoption of Park’s Transformation for Inverter Fed DriveIJPEDS-IAES
Park’s transformation in the context of ac machine is applied to obtain quadrature voltages for the 3-phase balanced voltages. In the case of a inverter fed drive, one can adopt Park’s transformation to directly derive the quadrature voltages in terms simplified functions of switching parameters. This is the main result of the paper which can be applied to model based and predictive control of electrical machines. Simulation results are used to compare the new dq voltage modelling response to conventional direct – quadrature (dq) axes modelling response in direct torque control – space vector modulation scheme. The proposed model is compact, decreases the computation complexity and time. The model is useful especially in model based control implemented in real time, in terms of a simplified set of switching parameters.
The document discusses load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson method. It provides background on load flow analysis and its importance. It describes classifying buses, constructing the bus admittance matrix, and developing the power flow equations. The Newton-Raphson method is presented as the preferred technique due to its powerful convergence, low computing time, and flexibility. Key steps include initializing bus voltages, calculating mismatches, and iterating to reduce mismatches.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
The document describes modeling a power system network using an admittance matrix formulation. Key points:
1) Branches are modeled as admittances to relate voltage and current. The admittance matrix (Y-bus) is formed with diagonal elements equal to the sum of incident branch admittances and off-diagonals equal to the negative of branch admittances.
2) Kirchhoff's and Ohm's laws are used to write equations relating bus voltages and branch currents.
3) Simplifying assumptions are made to develop the "DC power flow" equations, including ignoring voltage magnitudes and angles and resistance. This leads to a linear relationship between bus voltage angles and real power injections
The document discusses power flow analysis, which determines bus voltages and power flows in a power system under normal steady-state operating conditions. It provides the mathematical formulation of the power flow problem as a set of nonlinear algebraic equations that must be solved iteratively. Buses are classified as slack, generator, or load buses depending on which two of four associated quantities - real power, reactive power, voltage magnitude, and voltage angle - are specified versus solved for. Solution methods like the Gauss-Seidel method are commonly used to iteratively solve the power flow equations until bus voltages converge.
Parallel kalman filter based time domain harmonic state estimation 160406Benito Ortiz Bejar
This document describes a parallel Kalman filter (PKF) for time domain harmonic state estimation implemented using CUDA on a GPU. The PKF is applied to estimate harmonics and interharmonics in an IEEE 14 bus test system. Simulation results show the PKF provides accurate estimates compared to actual values and converges quickly. Implementing the PKF using CUBLAS library functions on a GPU provides significant speedup over sequential CPU implementation, with speedup increasing for larger test systems.
This document provides an overview of load flow analysis and power flow solution techniques, specifically the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson methods. It begins with an example Gauss-Seidel power flow calculation for a two bus system. It then discusses the inclusion of PV generator buses in the Gauss-Seidel iteration and accelerated Gauss-Seidel convergence. The document concludes by introducing the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Gauss-Seidel versus Newton-Raphson.
This document describes using the Gauss-Seidel method to solve non-linear load flow equations in MATLAB. The objective is to develop a program that models power flow through a system using an iterative Gauss-Seidel algorithm. It provides the theory behind load flow analysis and outlines the Gauss-Seidel method. The problem statement gives sample system data and instructions to find the voltages and angles at three buses after the first iteration.
The document discusses power flow analysis, which determines voltages, currents, real power, and reactive power in a power system under steady-state load conditions. It describes the different types of buses in a power system and how they are modeled. The key component of power flow is the bus admittance matrix, which relates nodal voltages to branch currents based on Kirchhoff's current law. Solving the matrix equations provides the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus.
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
IRJET- Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converter using PI Controller and Tra...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a technique to generate a seven-phase power supply from a standard three-phase supply using a special transformer connection. The transformer has three cores, with one primary winding and multiple secondary windings on each core. By connecting the secondary windings with different turn ratios, seven phases can be produced with the required 51.43 degree phase shift between each phase. A PI controller is also used to reduce noise and errors in the converted signal. The proposed transformer connection could enable applications like seven-phase power transmission systems, rectifiers, and electric motor testing by providing a pure sinusoidal seven-phase supply.
IRJET- A Review on Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converter using TransformerIRJET Journal
This document proposes and discusses a technique to generate a seven-phase power supply from a standard three-phase supply using a special transformer connection scheme. The transformer has three iron cores each with one primary and multiple secondary coils. By connecting the secondary coils in a specific configuration based on turn ratios, a seven-phase star output is obtained where each phase is 51.43 degrees out of phase. This technique allows generation of a pure sinusoidal seven-phase voltage that can be used for multiphase motor testing or in seven-phase power transmission and rectifier systems. Mathematical analysis is provided to derive the turn ratios needed to produce the seven evenly spaced phases from the three input phases.
Internships and Employment - The Keys to Finding the Perfect Opportunity!ProjectInspire
This document provides advice on finding internship and employment opportunities. It recommends identifying your passions and researching related careers. It also suggests connecting with individuals currently successful in fields of interest to learn about important skills. The document stresses the importance of networking through career centers, clubs, and professional organizations. It emphasizes exceeding expectations during internships by setting goals, learning roles, and building relationships to improve chances of receiving a full-time offer.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
Power System Simulation Laboratory Manual Santhosh Kumar
This document outlines experiments related to power system simulation laboratory. It includes 10 experiments covering topics like computation of transmission line parameters, modeling of transmission lines, formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices, load flow analysis using different methods, fault analysis, stability analysis of single machine and multimachine systems, electromagnetic transients, load-frequency dynamics, and economic dispatch. The document provides theoretical background and procedures for conducting each experiment using MATLAB software. Sample problems are also included for some experiments to demonstrate the modeling and simulation of different power system components and analysis.
This document summarizes key concepts about three-phase systems. It defines a three-phase system as having three sinusoidal voltages differing in phase by 120 degrees. The voltages can form a positive or negative sequence. Three-phase systems are commonly used for power generation, transmission, and distribution due to their ability to transmit more power with less material. Formulas are provided for calculating line voltages, currents, and power in balanced and unbalanced three-phase systems. Advantages of three-phase systems like constant torque and easier starting of motors are also discussed.
Power System Simulation Lab (Formation of Y-Bus & Z-Bus Matrix)Mathankumar S
This document provides information and instructions for an experiment on power system simulation involving the formation of bus admittance and impedance matrices. It includes:
- The objective to understand the formation of network matrices and solve sample networks.
- Data for a 3-bus, 3-line power system including line parameters, transformer data if present, and shunt element information.
- Instructions for students to input the data, run simulations in power system software to form the bus admittance matrix, and output the results.
This document provides a summary of key concepts from Chapter 2 on AC circuits. It discusses instantaneous, average, and active power calculations. It defines reactive power as the oscillating component of instantaneous power. It examines power calculations for resistive, inductive, and capacitive circuits. Power triangles and complex power are introduced. Power factor correction methods are described. Complex power flow between buses is discussed. Key concepts for three-phase circuits like phase sequence, line voltages, and per-phase analysis are covered. Formulas are provided for calculating real, reactive, and complex power in balanced three-phase systems.
POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION LAB-1 MANUAL (ELECTRICAL - POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING )Mathankumar S
This document discusses the computation of parameters for single and double circuit transmission lines. It provides the theoretical background on line parameters such as resistance, inductance, capacitance. Formulas are given for calculating inductance and capacitance based on the geometric mean distance and radius for different conductor arrangements including single circuit, three phase symmetrical, asymmetrical transposed lines and double circuit transposed lines. Sample exercises are given to calculate the inductance and capacitance of given transmission line configurations and verify the results using software.
1. The document describes the process of load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson power flow method.
2. The Newton-Raphson power flow method uses Newton's method to solve the nonlinear power balance equations to determine the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in the power system.
3. It derives the real and reactive power balance equations, defines the power flow variables, describes calculating the Jacobian matrix and its elements, and provides an example of applying the method to a two bus system to solve for the unknown voltage magnitude and angle at the second bus.
Power System Analysis was a core subject for Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Based On Anna University Syllabus. The Whole Subject was there in this document.
Share with it ur friends & Follow me for more updates.!
This document contains a practical work book for a power system analysis course. It includes 10 experiments on topics like analysis of three phase star and delta connected systems under balanced and unbalanced loads, demonstration of the single phase equivalent of a three phase star connected network, simulation of three phase short circuits using MATLAB, selection of circuit breakers for three phase faults, and analysis of transients in power systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn and apply concepts related to power system modeling, analysis, and protection.
Adoption of Park’s Transformation for Inverter Fed DriveIJPEDS-IAES
Park’s transformation in the context of ac machine is applied to obtain quadrature voltages for the 3-phase balanced voltages. In the case of a inverter fed drive, one can adopt Park’s transformation to directly derive the quadrature voltages in terms simplified functions of switching parameters. This is the main result of the paper which can be applied to model based and predictive control of electrical machines. Simulation results are used to compare the new dq voltage modelling response to conventional direct – quadrature (dq) axes modelling response in direct torque control – space vector modulation scheme. The proposed model is compact, decreases the computation complexity and time. The model is useful especially in model based control implemented in real time, in terms of a simplified set of switching parameters.
The document discusses load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson method. It provides background on load flow analysis and its importance. It describes classifying buses, constructing the bus admittance matrix, and developing the power flow equations. The Newton-Raphson method is presented as the preferred technique due to its powerful convergence, low computing time, and flexibility. Key steps include initializing bus voltages, calculating mismatches, and iterating to reduce mismatches.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
The document describes modeling a power system network using an admittance matrix formulation. Key points:
1) Branches are modeled as admittances to relate voltage and current. The admittance matrix (Y-bus) is formed with diagonal elements equal to the sum of incident branch admittances and off-diagonals equal to the negative of branch admittances.
2) Kirchhoff's and Ohm's laws are used to write equations relating bus voltages and branch currents.
3) Simplifying assumptions are made to develop the "DC power flow" equations, including ignoring voltage magnitudes and angles and resistance. This leads to a linear relationship between bus voltage angles and real power injections
The document discusses power flow analysis, which determines bus voltages and power flows in a power system under normal steady-state operating conditions. It provides the mathematical formulation of the power flow problem as a set of nonlinear algebraic equations that must be solved iteratively. Buses are classified as slack, generator, or load buses depending on which two of four associated quantities - real power, reactive power, voltage magnitude, and voltage angle - are specified versus solved for. Solution methods like the Gauss-Seidel method are commonly used to iteratively solve the power flow equations until bus voltages converge.
Parallel kalman filter based time domain harmonic state estimation 160406Benito Ortiz Bejar
This document describes a parallel Kalman filter (PKF) for time domain harmonic state estimation implemented using CUDA on a GPU. The PKF is applied to estimate harmonics and interharmonics in an IEEE 14 bus test system. Simulation results show the PKF provides accurate estimates compared to actual values and converges quickly. Implementing the PKF using CUBLAS library functions on a GPU provides significant speedup over sequential CPU implementation, with speedup increasing for larger test systems.
This document provides an overview of load flow analysis and power flow solution techniques, specifically the Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson methods. It begins with an example Gauss-Seidel power flow calculation for a two bus system. It then discusses the inclusion of PV generator buses in the Gauss-Seidel iteration and accelerated Gauss-Seidel convergence. The document concludes by introducing the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Gauss-Seidel versus Newton-Raphson.
This document describes using the Gauss-Seidel method to solve non-linear load flow equations in MATLAB. The objective is to develop a program that models power flow through a system using an iterative Gauss-Seidel algorithm. It provides the theory behind load flow analysis and outlines the Gauss-Seidel method. The problem statement gives sample system data and instructions to find the voltages and angles at three buses after the first iteration.
The document discusses power flow analysis, which determines voltages, currents, real power, and reactive power in a power system under steady-state load conditions. It describes the different types of buses in a power system and how they are modeled. The key component of power flow is the bus admittance matrix, which relates nodal voltages to branch currents based on Kirchhoff's current law. Solving the matrix equations provides the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus.
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
IRJET- Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converter using PI Controller and Tra...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a technique to generate a seven-phase power supply from a standard three-phase supply using a special transformer connection. The transformer has three cores, with one primary winding and multiple secondary windings on each core. By connecting the secondary windings with different turn ratios, seven phases can be produced with the required 51.43 degree phase shift between each phase. A PI controller is also used to reduce noise and errors in the converted signal. The proposed transformer connection could enable applications like seven-phase power transmission systems, rectifiers, and electric motor testing by providing a pure sinusoidal seven-phase supply.
IRJET- A Review on Three-Phase to Seven-Phase Power Converter using TransformerIRJET Journal
This document proposes and discusses a technique to generate a seven-phase power supply from a standard three-phase supply using a special transformer connection scheme. The transformer has three iron cores each with one primary and multiple secondary coils. By connecting the secondary coils in a specific configuration based on turn ratios, a seven-phase star output is obtained where each phase is 51.43 degrees out of phase. This technique allows generation of a pure sinusoidal seven-phase voltage that can be used for multiphase motor testing or in seven-phase power transmission and rectifier systems. Mathematical analysis is provided to derive the turn ratios needed to produce the seven evenly spaced phases from the three input phases.
Internships and Employment - The Keys to Finding the Perfect Opportunity!ProjectInspire
This document provides advice on finding internship and employment opportunities. It recommends identifying your passions and researching related careers. It also suggests connecting with individuals currently successful in fields of interest to learn about important skills. The document stresses the importance of networking through career centers, clubs, and professional organizations. It emphasizes exceeding expectations during internships by setting goals, learning roles, and building relationships to improve chances of receiving a full-time offer.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily design slideshows.
Ubérisation et Emploi, Quels Impacts ?Hicham Sabre
Slides sur l' uberisation partagées pendant une conférence à laquelle j'ai participé en février 2016
elle traite de la gig economy, des chiffres de la gig ecnomy aux USA,
hicham
This document discusses single phase to three phase matrix converters for traction drives. It provides an introduction to matrix converters and describes how a single phase to three phase AC matrix converter works using the separation and link method. The document outlines the 16 possible switching states and shows the switching patterns. It then compares a conventional single to three phase AC conversion method using a DC link to the proposed single to three phase AC matrix converter. The matrix converter provides direct AC-AC conversion without reactive elements, four quadrant operation, and independent control of output voltage, frequency and power factor. However, it requires more switches and a more complex control strategy. The document concludes the proposed converter is suitable for railway traction and other applications.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches presentation creation software.
This document lists 9 trainers with their qualifications and professional experience in training. It provides information on each trainer's educational background, areas of expertise, years of experience in training and other roles. The trainers have experience delivering training programs to teachers, students, and corporate clients across various topics including life skills, soft skills, communication skills, and professional development.
Benoit is a freshly graduated industrial designer with 15 months of experience working on projects in 4 countries. He has worked on projects for companies like Volvo, BI2, Decathlon, Zeleritaz, Asnes, and Trondheim Kommune. Some of the projects he worked on include designing a wheel loader for Volvo, a sports bottle and armbands for BI2, a team sport product for Decathlon, inline skates for Zeleritaz, and touring skis and wood sports facilities for Asnes and Trondheim Kommune. Benoit enjoys challenges like vehicle design and utilizes sketching, 3D modeling, prototyping, and other design phases in his projects.
This short document promotes the creation of Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare by providing an inspiring photo and caption. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by providing a button labeled "GET STARTED" at the end.
This document contains English lesson notes for 1st year students, including questions and answers from 6 different lessons:
1. Button Button - About a greedy woman named Norma who persuades her husband to push a button and kill a stranger for money.
2. Clearing in the Sky - An old man takes his son to his secret garden on top of a hill to reminisce about the past.
3. Dark they were, And golden-eyed - A story about a family who moves to Mars and struggles to adapt to the harsh conditions.
4. Thank you M'am - A boy tries to steal a woman's purse but she catches him and takes him home to teach him a lesson.
5
The document discusses concepts related to economics including demand analysis, indifference curves, consumer surplus, and utility. It provides definitions and explanations of these terms. For example, it defines demand as the quantity a consumer is willing to buy at a particular price and time. It also explains indifference curves as curves showing combinations of two goods that give equal satisfaction to a consumer. Consumer surplus is defined as the difference between what a consumer is willing to pay and the actual price paid. Utility refers to the satisfaction or usefulness obtained from consuming a good.
Personal Study of 18 Noodle Products of 7 Companies in India.CRN
This document summarizes a personal study of 18 noodle products from 7 companies in India. It analyzes the key players in the Indian noodles market and the various ingredients and food additives found in instant noodles. Nestle's Maggi is the market leader, while ITC's Yippee brand has grown significantly in recent years. The document also discusses flavor enhancers like MSG and discusses labeling requirements for flavors in processed foods in Australia.
A comparatative study on maggi&top ramenRishi vyas
Different companies and their brands are available in the FMCG (fast moving consumer goods) sector for customers like SUNFEAST,WAI-WAI,KNORR, NESTLE , NISSIN and so many others.
The final decision of purchasing a product is totally dependent on the customer.
To analyze customers’ requirements.
To make a comparative study report ON MAGGI & TOP RAMEN
To know the opinion and suggestions of customers.
Group 9 conducted market research on Maggi noodles. They surveyed 50 respondents between ages 20-50. Most spend Rs. 100-150 monthly on noodles and choose Maggi for its taste. Respondents wanted more flavors but rated taste, availability, and price highly. Masala was most popular but some wanted Atta noodles. Mouth publicity influenced many purchasers. The group concluded Maggi would stay dominant through new variants, though competitors emerge. Respondents signaled a preference shift to healthier Atta noodles.
The document discusses research conducted to understand customer preferences for instant noodles. It involved primary data collection through focus group discussions and questionnaires. The analysis included univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques.
Three key customer clusters were identified: young single individuals aged 19-24 from lower income families, working individuals aged 25-30 from middle income families, and wealthy students aged 19-24. The primary drivers of preference for Maggi were found to be convenience factors like preparation time and brand image. Competitor brands were driven more by health perception and variety of offerings. Regression analysis showed ease of preparation, availability, brand and advertising positively influenced Maggi preference while competitors benefited more from health perception and variety.
This marketing plan analyzes Maggi Noodles' current marketing mix in India. It studies the popularity of two new healthy variants - Vegetable Atta and Dal Atta Noodles. The plan makes suggestions for introducing a new "Cup O Maggi" brand in the cup noodles segment. Various tools like surveys and secondary research were used. Nestle India leads the instant noodles market in India with Maggi having a 79.3% market share. The plan evaluates introducing improvements to the Dal Atta variant and a new Cup O Maggi product along with packaging changes to further market share.
This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.
Application of SVM Technique for Three Phase Three Leg Ac/Ac Converter TopologyIOSR Journals
This paper presents a simulation of a three-phase three-leg AC/AC converter topology using nine IGBTs and space vector pulse width modulation (SVM) technique. The proposed topology reduces the number of switches compared to conventional back-to-back and matrix converters. Simulation results show the converter provides sinusoidal input and output voltages with unity power factor under constant frequency and variable frequency operation. Experimental results from a 5kVA prototype verify the validity of the proposed scheme.
Asymmetrical Nine-level Inverter Topology with Reduce Power Semicondutor DevicesTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper a new single-phase multilevel inverter topology is presented. Proposed topology is
capable of producing nine-level output voltage with reduce device counts. It can be achieved by arranging
available switches and dc sources in a fashion such that the maximum combination of addition and
subtraction of the input dc sources can be obtained. To verify the viability of the proposed topology, the
circuit model is developed and simulated in Matlab-Simulink software. Experimental testing results of the
proposed nine-level inverter topology, developed in the laboratory, are presented. A low frequency
switching strategy is employed in this work. The results show that the proposed topology is capable to
produce a nine-level output voltage, capable in handling inductive load and yields acceptable harmonic
distortion content.
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter TopologyIAES-IJPEDS
The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.
IRJET- Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using Pulse Width Modulation T...IRJET Journal
This document describes a speed control system for a brushless DC motor (BLDC) using pulse width modulation (PWM). It involves:
1. Generating PWM pulses from a microcontroller to control the duty cycle of a three-phase voltage source inverter that powers the BLDC motor. Higher duty cycles result in faster motor speeds.
2. Implementing the inverter using MOSFET switches to produce the three-phase voltages needed to electronically commutate the BLDC motor.
3. Testing the system and verifying that motor speed increases with higher PWM duty cycles, thus demonstrating effective speed control of the BLDC motor.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A generalized switching function-based SVM algorithm of single-phase three-le...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a generalized switching function-based space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm is presented and evaluated to minimize the dc voltage utilization and the ac utility grid current total harmonic distortion. This paper explores the control and modulation techniques of a single-phase three-leg converter with an active power decoupling method, where a generalized SVM algorithm is proposed and evaluated for easy implementation in a digital control platform. The active power decoupling method with the proposed converter can be achieved via dependent control and modulation techniques. The control method is separated into the ac active power control part and the dc power ripple control part, which can maintain a unity power factor at the ac utility grid and reduced the double-frequency ripple power effect on the dc-side. Simulation results validate the performance of the modulation algorithm and its control and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed power converter, as well as the two mentioned operation modes of the power converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document describes several alternative dual-bridge matrix converter topologies that have a reduced number of switches compared to a conventional matrix converter. It discusses how the dual-bridge topology avoids commutation problems of the conventional design. It then introduces several dual-bridge topologies with fewer switches, including 18-, 15-, 12-, and 9-switch variations. It analyzes the characteristics and operation of these topologies, and presents simulation and experimental results for the 9-switch design to validate its feasibility.
In the proposed approach,instead of a conventional 3- Phase inverter a component minimized single pha se inverter is utilized which reduces the cost of the inverter,th e switching losses,and the complexity of interface circuits to generate logic signals. A performance comparison of the prop osed inverter fed drive with a conventional 3Phase inverter fed drive is also mode in terms of speed response and t otal harmonic distortion (THD) of the stator curren t. The proposed inverter fed IM drive is found acceptable consideri ng its cost reduction and other advantageous featur es. A general pulse width modulation (PWM) method for c ontrol of 1-phase inverters is presented. The vecto r PWM offers a simple method to select three or four vectors tha t effectively synthesize the desired output voltage,even in presence of voltage oscillations across the two dc-link capacit ors. The influence of different switching patterns on output voltage symmetry,current waveform,switching frequency and common mode voltage can be examined. The paper als o discusses how the use of the wye and delta connecti ons of the motor windings affects the implementatio n of the pulse width modulator.
Four switch three phase brushless dc motor drive for hybrid vehiclesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a paper that proposes a four-switch brushless DC motor drive for hybrid electric vehicles. It introduces a two-input DC-DC boost converter that interfaces a photovoltaic power source and battery for energy storage. The boost converter supplies regulated voltage to a four-switch BLDC motor drive for direct current control. Speed limitation is typically an issue for four-switch topologies but is addressed by regulating the boost converter output voltage according to motor speed. The document outlines the operating modes, current regulation, and back EMF compensation strategy of the four-switch drive as well as the speed limitation challenge it aims to solve.
A Modified C-Dump Converter for BLDC Machine Used in a Flywheel Energy Storag...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a modified C-dump converter for brushless DC (BLDC) machine used in the flywheel energy storage system. The converter can realize the energy bidirectional flowing and has the capability to recover the energy extracted from the turnoff phase of the BLDC machine. The principle of operation, modeling, and control strategy of the system has been investigated in the paper. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed system are also presented and discussed.
Analysis Approach for Five Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter with PWM T...ijsrd.com
this paper gives idea of comparison of five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and FPTLVSI with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive. The paper demonstrates using mat lab simulations about comparison in term of harmonics analysis for different firing angles and find best angle suitable for output with minimum harmonics for FPTLVSI without filter circuit and control scheme and harmonics analysis of FPTLVSI with filter and PWM control scheme. This paper suggests simulation of comparison of harmonics point of view five phase two-level voltage inverter (FPTLVSI) without filter circuit and control scheme and with filter circuit and PWM control scheme for induction motor drive.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
This document summarizes a research paper on simulating a 3-phase bridge inverter in 180 degree mode using Simulink. It discusses the motivation for studying this converter topology for applications requiring adjustable frequency power. The summary describes the fundamental operation of the 6-switch, 180 degree conduction mode inverter, including the firing sequence of the switches to generate balanced 3-phase output voltages. It also briefly discusses limitations with harmonic distortion and the need for pulse width modulation to improve output voltage quality for some applications.
Analysis of symmetrical & asymmetrical pwm based three phase ac to ac con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A Three phase bidirectional AC to AC buck converter circuit using power MOSFET operating in high frequency chopping mode is simulated and analyzed for electrical parameters such as output phase voltage, input line current, input power factor, harmonic profile and efficiency using MATLAB/simulink software package. The various PWM techniques such as symmetrical ramp-DC PWM (SRDPWM), asymmetrical ramp-triangular PWM (ARTPWM), asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM type-1 [ASPWM1] and asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM type-2 [ASPWM2] techniques are adopted to analyze the harmonic profile, input power factor and efficiency of the converter. The rms value of the output phase voltage, output line current and source current can be significantly increased by varying the duty ratio K in case of symmetrical PWM control strategy and modulation index MI in case of asymmetrical PWM control strategies independent of variation in switching frequency. It is observed from the simulation results that the ASPWM1 switching strategy gives more output phase voltage, input power factor, efficiency by increasing modulation index MI and reduced low order harmonics of output voltage and source current by increasing the number of pulses per half cycle P compared to other PWM techniques rendering easy and economical filteration.
Keywords: Three phase AC chopper, symmetrical ramp-DC PWM, asymmetrical ramp-triangular PWM, asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM technique, harmonic profile, power factor, efficiency
Analysis of symmetrical & asymmetrical pwm based three phase ac to ac con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
A Three phase bidirectional AC to AC buck converter circuit using power MOSFET operating in high frequency chopping mode is simulated and analyzed for electrical parameters such as output phase voltage, input line current, input power factor, harmonic profile and efficiency using MATLAB/simulink software package. The various PWM techniques such as symmetrical ramp-DC PWM (SRDPWM), asymmetrical ramp-triangular PWM (ARTPWM), asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM type-1 [ASPWM1] and asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM type-2 [ASPWM2] techniques are adopted to analyze the harmonic profile, input power factor and efficiency of the converter. The rms value of the output phase voltage, output line current and source current can be significantly increased by varying the duty ratio K in case of symmetrical PWM control strategy and modulation index MI in case of asymmetrical PWM control strategies independent of variation in switching frequency. It is observed from the simulation results that the ASPWM1 switching strategy gives more output phase voltage, input power factor, efficiency by increasing modulation index MI and reduced low order harmonics of output voltage and source current by increasing the number of pulses per half cycle P compared to other PWM techniques rendering easy and economical filteration.
Keywords: Three phase AC chopper, symmetrical ramp-DC PWM, asymmetrical ramp-triangular PWM, asymmetrical sinusoidal PWM technique, harmonic profile, power factor, efficiency
discusses about the reduction of commutation torque ripple in BLDC motor and various convention methods and the proposed method for 2 level inverter and 3 level inverter
Commutation torque ripple in bldc by sepic and npc
B010221018
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 2 Ver. II (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 10-18
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | Page
Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction
Drives
Bhimrao.S.Gajbhiye1
, M.V.Aware2
, B.S.Umre3
, Rajesh Patil4
Abstract: The paper presents the converter topology for single to three phase matrix converter for the ac
traction drives. The converter analysis is presented with source separation and link approach. The conventional
carrier based control is employed for the converter to control the output voltage and frequency. The operational
feasibility with the three phase ac traction motor (850 kW) is presented. The performance of the converter with
the motor is simulated in the PSIM. The results indicate the feasibility of the matrix converter application to
retrofit the existing (AC-DC-AC) to (AC-AC) traction drive system.
Index Terms: Matrix Converters, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, Traction Motors, Variable Speed
Drives.
I. Introduction
Electric traction in most of thecountry have single phase 25 kV, 50 Hz AC or 3kV DC power supply
systems. The conventional locomotives have a transformer with a tap changer or a step- down transformer with
semiconductor devices, like power diodes, GTOs, IGBTs, etc.
Fig. 1: Conventional Single-to-three phase ac Traction.
Those are used for ac- to- dc and dc-to-three-phase ac power conversion and to charge the intermediate
dc-link capacitors for energy storage elements. Thelocomotives have Bo-Bo (4-TM on 4 axles) or Co-Co (6-TM
on 6 axles) type bogiearrangements. The traction motor (TM) is a three phase induction motor operated with
variable voltage and frequency converter in conventional speed control mode as shown in figure 1.
The converter without dc link will be preferred over the two stage ac-dc-ac conversion in the existing
power conversion arrangements in the ac traction drives. The matrix converters (MC) is a direct ac-to-ac
converter, replaces the multiple conversion stages and the intermediate energy storage elements (dc-link) thus
being a single stage converter as shown in figure 2. The different topologies, single phase to single phase and
three phase to three phase with bi-directional switchesare analyzed and results are presented [1]-[2].The phase
transformation from single to three phase with three legged six bi-directional switch converter having simple
control given for the three phase balanced loads [3]-[6].This control suffers lower voltage utilization and
requires additional matching transformer. The matrix converter topology could be analyzed through the
separation and link technique [4]. This analysis incorporates the back–to-back common emitter bi-directional
switch cells configuration is shown in figure 2 with fictitious dc link to understand the operation of matrix
converter [5].
1
Bhimrao S. Gajbhiye is research scholar at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. (e-mail-
bsgajbhiye@gmail.com)
2
Dr. M. V. Aware is member IEEE and professor atVisvesvarayaNational Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. (e-mail-
mva_win@yahoo.com)
3
Dr. B. S. Umre is member IEEE and assistant professor at Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
(e-mail- bsumre@rediffmail.com)
4
Rajesh Patil is IRSEE Batch-1992 currently working as Sr.D.E.E.(Trd.)at Central Railways, Nagpur,Maharashtra, India. (e-mail-
rajpat@gmail.com)
Resonant circuit DC-Link capacitor Overvoltage/brake chopper
2. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 11 | Page
S1 S3
S6S4
Vs (t)
S5
S2
S c 1
S c 2
S c 1 d
S c 2 d
M
Ii (t)
a
b
c
A
B
C
+
Source Matrix converter Traction motor
Fig. 2: Proposed single-to-three phase ac Traction converter.
The paper proposes the single phase to three phase matrix converter topology for traction drives. The
operation of the converter is analyzed using the separation and link approach. The control is built by using the
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) for the bi-directional switches in this converter. This single phase to
three phase converter has following merits.
- This replaces the conventional ac-dc-ac stages so the effective energy conversion is efficient.
- The control is conventional carrier based SPWM.
The known pattern of harmonics predicts the de-rating and operational efficiency of the induction motor.
II. Matrix Converter Analysis
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(a) + 100 (612 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(b) + 011 (345 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(c) + 010 (234 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(d) + 101 (561 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(e) + 001 (456 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(f) + 110 (123 )
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
Sc2d
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S4
S1 S3 S5
S6 S2 S2S6S4
S1 S3 S5
-
+ +
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
3. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(a) - 100
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(b) - 011
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(c) - 010
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(d) - 101
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(e) - 001
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
(f) - 110
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
--
- -
--
++
+ +
+ +
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2 S4 S2S6
S5S3S1
S6 S6
S6 S6
S1 S1
S1 S1
S3
S3
S3
S3
S5 S5
S5 S5
S4 S4
S4 S4
S2 S2
S2 S2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(g) + 000
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(h) + 111
Ii
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
S1 S3 S5
S4 S6 S2
+
-
+
-
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(g) - 000
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Vs
Sb1 Sc1
Sb2d
Sa3 Sb3 Sc3
Sa4d Sb4d Sc4d
A
B
C
Sa1
Sa2d
(h) - 111
Sa4 Sb4 Sc4
Sa2 Sb2 Sc2
Sc2d
Sc3d
S1S1 S3 S3 S5S5
S4S4 S6S6 S2S2
-
+ +
-
(a) (b)
Fig.3: Operation states for single to three phase matrix converter. (a) Positive source period. (b) Negative source
period.
The single stage ac-ac converter for single phase to three phase ac conversion with six bi-directional
switches are S1(Sa1,Sa2),S2(Sc3,Sc4),S3(Sb1.Sb2),S4(Sa3,Sa4),S5(Sc1,Sc2) and S6(Sb3,Sb4) is analyzed with
separation and link method. The separation in Source positive period is shown in figures 3(a) and the separation
in Source negative period in figures 3(b) and which are then linked, found equal to the results of the 1-3MC
circuit. The sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) control technique is used to obtain the desired output results
of single-to-three phase ac matrix converter.
Figure 2 configuration is the adopted configuration of the single phase to three-phase ac matrix
converter. In one source voltage period can be divided into two source voltages. One is bigger than zero called
positive source period and other is less than zero is negative source period. The single to three phase ac matrix
4. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
converter can be regarded as two equivalent circuits.
TakeA-phase for example, when the source voltageVs during positive period, following the principle of
no short circuit for source side switches Sa1& Sa3 must not be ON at the same time and no open circuit for load
side one of the switches Sa1 and Sa3 must be ON. Considering the resistive load, when switch Sa1 is ON and Sa3
is OFF then switch Sa2must be ON to provide path for current through its diode from source to load.Similarly,
when switch Sa1 is OFF and Sa3 is ON then switchSa4 should be ON to provide path for current flow through its
diode from load to source.
When the source voltage Vs is in the positive period, the switches Sa1,Sa3& Sb1,Sb3& Sc1,Sc3 should be
controlled to keep energy flowing fromsource to load and switches Sa2,Sa4& Sb2,Sb4& Sc2,Sc4are kept ON
through its diodes to provide the current path from source to load whenever necessary.
When the source voltage Vs is in negative period, the single to three phase ac matrix converter is
simplified to the configuration shown in figure 3(b) with the same analysis as that in the source positive periods,
the switches Sa2, Sa4& Sb2, Sb4& Sc2, Sc4 should be controlled to keep energy flowing from load to source and
switches Sa1, Sa3& Sb1, Sb3& Sc1, Sc3 are kept ON through its diodes to provide the current path from load to
source whenever is necessary.
There are total 16-operating states shown in TABLE-I for one complete cycle of operation. The six
operating states (+100 to +110) and two null states (+000 and +111) during source positive period are shown in
figure 3(a). Similarly, we can draw another six operating states (-100 to -110) and two null states (-000 and -
111) for source negative period, but the direction of current flow should be reversed are shown in figure 3(b).
Similarly, all analysis for phase B and C is adopted.
Table-I:Switching Operation States For1-3MC
Considering the states of the controlled switches, it can be defined as,
Sxn
x = a, b, c
n = 1,2,3,4
= ±
′1′
theupperarmswitchisON
′0′
thelowerarmswitchisON
where„+‟ denotes the source positive period and „−‟ denotes the source negative period. Sx1, Sx2, Sx3 and Sx4 are
the controlled switches of the three phases A, B and C respectively. The subscript „d‟ denotes the anti- parallel
diodes to that switches written as Sx1d , Sx2d , Sx3d and Sx4das shown in TABLE-I.
III. SPWM Control Of Matrix Converter
When sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) is adopted, as usual, the analysis for conventional
converter, the switch control signals for single phase to three phase ac matrix converter can be understood from
figure 4. Suppose A = 1 denotes the source is during the positive period and A = 0 denotes the source is during
the negative period. B = 1 denotes SPWM signal is positive and B = 0 denotes SPWM signal is zero. The switch
States Vab Vbc Vca Switching Operation
+(100) Vs 0 -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(101) Vs -Vs 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d
+(001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc1 Sc2d
+(011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa3 Sa4d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d
+(010) -Vs Vs 0 Sb1 Sb2d Sa3 Sa4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(110) 0 Vs -Vs Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc3 Sc4d
+(000) 0 0 0 Sa3 Sa4d Sb3 Sb4d Sc3 Sc4d
+(111) 0 0 0 Sa1 Sa2d Sb1 Sb2d Sc1 Sc2d
-(100) Vs 0 -Vs Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d
-(101) Vs -Vs 0 Sb4 Sb3d Sa2 Sa1d Sc2 Sc1d
-(001) 0 -Vs Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc2 Sc1d
-(011) -Vs 0 Vs Sa4 Sa3d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d
-(010) -Vs Vs 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sc4 Sc3d Sb2 Sb1d
-(110) 0 Vs -Vs Sc4 Sc3d Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d
-(000) 0 0 0 Sa4 Sa3d Sb4 Sb3d Sc4 Sc3d
-(111) 0 0 0 Sa2 Sa1d Sb2 Sb1d Sc2 Sc1d
„1‟ Upper arm switch ON, „0„Lower arm switch ON
„+‟ period source voltage, „-„ period source voltage
Subscript„d‟ denotes diode to that switch.
5. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
controls signal are shown in TABLE-II are deduced from Figure 5. Take A-phase generation, for example, x =
a, during the source positive or negative periods. Switches Sa1, Sa2, Sa3and Sa4 are controlled with SPWM signals
and its anti-parallel diodes Sa1d, Sa2d, Sa3dandSa4d will provide current paths as and when needed.
Fig.4: Single -to- three phase MC withR-load.
Fig.5: Output voltageVabSPWM control atfc=1kHz
Table-II: Switch Controls Signal For 1-3 MC
SWITCH
Sx
(x=a. b. c)
PWM switching signals
A=1
B=1
A=1
B=0
A=0
B=1
A=0
B=0
Sx1 1 0 0 1
Sx2 0 1 1 0
Sx3 0 1 1 0
Sx4 1 0 0 1
The results of line voltageVab is obtained as shown in Figure 5 and also the same results can be obtained for
other phase B and C.
6. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
IV. Operation With A Traction Motor
To verify the operation strategy, the proposed 1-3 phase ac matrix converter with a three-phase ac
asynchronous traction motor (TM), Type [ABB-6FRA6068] is simulated by PSIM software. The three-phase
resistive load is changed to three-phase star wounded induction motor. The traction motor parameters are given
in TABLE-III.
Table-III: Traction Motor Parameters
Type: ABB-6FRA6068
Parameters Symbols Rating
Supply Voltage
Supply Frequency
Output Frequency
Speed
Power (KW)
current
Max. Current
Stator Resistance
Stator Inductance
Rotor Resistance
Rotor Inductance
Mutual
Inductance
Motor Inertia
Vab
f i
fo
N
P
I
Imax
Rs
Ls
R‟r
Lr
Lm
J
2180 V
50 Hz
65 – 170 Hz
1283 rpm
850 Kw
270 A
393 A
0.0727 Ω
1.312 m H
0.0641 Ω
2.716 m H
41.982 m H
19.1 Kgm2
The single-to-three phase ac Matrix Converter circuit is three legged A, B and C with Six bi-directional switches
are S1 (Sa1- Sa2), S2 (Sc3- Sc4), S3 (Sb1- Sb2), S4 (Sa3- Sa4), S5 (Sc1-Sc2) and S6 (Sb3- Sb4).The simulation circuit is
shown in Figure 6.
Fig.6: Simulation circuit for 1-3 MC with a TM.
The simulation is presented by using SPWM control techniqueThe Simulation of circuit is simulated
with traction motor parameters by PSIM/MATLAB software packages. The single phase ac source voltage Vs
taken as 1269V and source frequency fi is 50Hz. When 150 Hz output frequency is demanded, the simulated
results are obtained shows the threephase output voltages found approximately equal to 2180 V and three phase
output currents are nearly 270 A andalso following 120 degree phase sequence. The input current Ii is found
nearly sinusoidal as expected is shown in Figure 7. Where, Vab, Vbcand Vcaare the line voltages andVa, Vb
and Vcare phase voltages. Ia, Ib and Icare the output currents
7. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
Fig.7: Output waveforms of 1-3MC with a TM.
Fig. 8: Speed-torque-load currents of 1-3 MC with a TM
It can be seen that the Torque-Speed response of the Traction Motor during motoring operation, the
shaft torque Tem and speed Nis shown in Figure 8 at an accelerating mode.
It is also found that the output voltage parts at the frequencies |fo− 2 fi| and |fo+ 2 fi | possess big
proportions besides the frequency fo, where, fois the fundamental frequency of the output voltage and fiis
thefrequency of the source voltage, which implied the influence of the input supply frequency.
Time
(s)IbIc
9. Single phase to three phase ac Matrix Converter for Traction Drives
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10220109 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
Dr.M.V.Aware,Professor,(M. Tech., Ph.D.)inVNIT, Nagpur(India) in Electrical Engineering Department.
Area of Interest: Power electronics, Electrical machines Drives.
Dr.B S. Umre,Assistant Professor,(M. Tech., Ph. D.) in VNIT, Nagpur(India) in Electrical Engineering
Department.
Area of Interest: Torsional Oscillation, Power System, Electrical Machines.
Rajesh Patil, B.E, M.Tech.IRSEE-1992 batch of Indian Railways;presently working as Sr.D.E.E.(Traction
distribution) in Central Railways, Nagpur (India).
Area of Interest: Traction drives