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International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)
Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016, pp. 822~830
ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v7i3.10318  822
Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJPEDS
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel
Inverter Topology
Mirza Mohammad Shadab*1
, Mohammad Arifuddin Mallick1
, Mohammad Tufail 1
, M.S. Jamil
Asghar1
1,2,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Nov 12, 2015
Revised Mar 25, 2016
Accepted Apr 26, 2016
The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have
square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which
generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power
transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher
switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite
low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated
inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of
commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with
low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac
conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which
three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by
controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate
circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis
are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-
pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage
and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total
harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to
the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A
comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper.
Keyword:
AC-DC Power Converters
Inverters
Multilevel Converter
Copyright © 2016 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Mirza Mohammad Shadab,
Mobile : +919026244028,Department of Electrical Engineering,
Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Email: mmshadab@iul.ac.in
1. INTRODUCTION
At a higher power level, above one kW, normally a three phase system is employed. It reduces the
unbalancing of the line current and load voltage. Three phase converters provide higher output voltage, and
in addition the frequency of the ripples on the output voltage is higher compared with that of single phase
converters. As a result, the filtering requirements for smoothing out the load current and load voltage are
simpler. For these reasons, three phase converters are extensively used in high-power variable speed drives
[1]. Multilevel topologies generate better output quality by reducing harmonics contents [2]. Multilevel
inverters are used in high power applications such as Flexible AC transmission systems [3]. The need of
filters is reduced by increasing the voltage level and the efficiency is high because of lesser harmonic
[4].Three-phase, 12-pulse converters are extensively used in HVDC systems for conversion of ac power into
dc which is fed in dc transmission line [5]. Earlier, single-phase ac to dc converters were used as an inverter
for harnessing solar energy and feeding it to grid using grid-tie inverter [6, 7]. However in these cases, THD
was substantially high.
In this paper, three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter circuits are used
which work as an inverter by connecting a dc voltage source at the load end and controlling the switching
IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab)
823
angle α. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink model is analysed for three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-
pulse and 12-pulse converter circuit and THD is found at different conditions of converter circuits.
Circuit diagram of three phase 6-pulse converter is shown in figure 1. Each phase conducts and line
current for 120°. When switching angle becomes higher than 90°, the converter works in inverter operation.
Circuit diagram of two Three-Phase, half-wave, 3-Pulse ac-to-dc converter is shown in figure 2. Here two
half-wave converters are connected in anti parallel mode through a same source with independent load. Both
group of thyristers are triggered at more than 90° for inversion operation.
Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of three-phase 12-pulse converter, where converter1 and
converter 2 are basically 6-pulse converter connected with delta and star secondary windings, respectively.
The conduction period of the line current for each converter is 120°. The number of turns in each phase
winding of delta connection is times of star connection as the line voltage of both secondaries are same.
Therefore, the reflected current in the primary winding due to delta connected winding is I0. The resultant
current in the primary winding is sum of I0 due to converter 2 and I0 due to converter1 [8]. Therefore, the
reflected current in the primary side is in stepped form [8].
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of three phase 6-pulse
converter
Figure 2. Circuit diagram of two three-phase half-
wave 3-pulse ac-to-dc converter
Figure 3. Circuit Diagram of Three-Phase 12-Pulse Converter
2. PROPOSED SCHEME
A multilevel converter circuit with RLE load works in two modes of operation i.e. rectification
mode and inverter mode. It works in inversion mode when the switching angle of each of the converter is
greater than 90º [8]. Here, a multilevel circuit topology has been proposed for dc-to-ac conversion where
batteries are charged from solar PV cells. The circuit has been analyzed for three level as well as six level of
line current. It can be extended to higher levels for better performance [9]. However, the increase of level
adds to the cost of converter. So, a suitable compromise has to be made between the THD of the line current
and cost of additional hardware. For three level, two three-phase half-wave 3-pulse ac-to-dc converter and
three-phase 6-pulse converter topologies are used and for six level, 12-pulse converter topology is used. The
major advantage of the proposed configuration is that in continuous current mode of operation of each
converter, the waveform of line current resembles a stepped sinusoidal wave and with suitable selection of
switching angles the harmonic contents can be reduced drastically.
 ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830
824
3. CONTROL STRATEGY
In general, the load current can be either continuous or discontinuous. In case of continuous current
operation, the current of conducting thyristors does not reduce to zero level. The condition depends upon dc
source voltage, phase angle of load or inductor and the switching angle.
(a) Three level control strategy: For three level line current, three-phase 6-pulse converter and two three-
phase, half-wave, 3-Pulse ac-to-dc converter are used. Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse ac-to-dc
converter is shown in Figure 2 in which two 3-pulse half-wave converter are connected in anti parallel
through a same source with independent load. Both group of thyristors are triggered at more than 90° for
inversion operation.
(b) Six level control strategy: For this strategy three-phase 12-pulse converter is used, where converter1 and
converter2 are connected with delta-star connected secondary windings, respectively. The conduction period
of the line current for each converter is 120°. Conduction period of each converter is 30° phase shifted. The
number of turns in each phase winding of delta connection is times of star connection [8].
The line current for each converter is approximately square wave of (Idc) with 120° conduction
period. The line current for the star connected secondary winding (i1) is the same as its phase current (is1).
The phase current of delta connected secondary winding (is2) is obtained by considering the transformer
secondary as a current divider rule [10].
Thus, is2 = 2/3 Idc lines A2 & B2 are both conducting
= 1/3 Idc only one of lines A2 or B2 conducting
The primary current as the primary is connected in star will be the sum of the secondary winding currents
multiplied by the proper turns ratio and is obtained as,
iA = (is1+√3is2). n (1)
where n is the turns ratio
The winding current (is1) of star connected secondary can be expressed Fourier series as
Is1(wt) = ∑ ( ) ( ) , (n is odd)
Similarly, delta connected secondary winding current is2 can be expressed in Fourier series as,
Is2(wt) = ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
Hence the combined current drawn by the primary winding (using 1) is obtained as,
iA = Idc [sinθ –
θ
+
θ
where θ = wt -
4. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation of the models is done using MATLAB/ Simulink. The triggering pulses are given from
the pulse generator block of the simulink blockset. Figure 4 shows the simulink model of three-phase, 6-pulse
converter. The value of inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 5 Ω, dc voltage is 24V. In this paper, THD and
power transfer analysis is done for various combinations of switching angles (α) [11, 12]. Figure 4(a) shows
the line current with THD and harmonics for three-phase 6-pulse inverter for switching angle (α) = 115º
.
Figure 4(b) and 4(c) shows the variation of power and THD with different switching angles for three-phase,
6-pulse inverter respectively. It is evident from Figure 4(b) and 4(c) that for increasing switching angle the
power transfer to grid initially increases thereafter its decreases and the THD is almost constant upto 120º
then its increases rapidly. Therefore a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle. Figure 4(d)
and 4(e) shows the variation of power and THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three-
phase 6-pulse inverter. As the battery voltage increases power transfer to grid increases and the THD
decreases. However, at α=105º
results are satisfactory.
Figure 5 shows the simulink model of Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse Converter. The value of
inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 250Ω and battery voltage is 12V. Figure 5(a) shows the line current with
THD and harmonics at switching angle α=95º
. Figure 5(b) shows the variation of power with switching angle
combinations (α=95º
, α=105º
and α=115º
) with battery voltage of 12V and 24V. Figure 5(c) shows the
variation of THD with switching angle combinations (α=95º
, α=105º
and α=115º
). It is evident from figure
5(b) and 5(c) that for increasing switching angle the power transfer to grid decreases and the THD increases
rapidly and, so a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle.
IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab)
825
Figure 4. Simulink model three-phase, 6-pulse
converter
Figure 4(a). Line current with THD and harmonics
at switching angle α=95º
for three phase 6-pulse
inverter
Figure 4(b). Variation of power with switching angle
for three phase 6-pulse converter
Figure 4(c). Variation of THD with switching angle
for three phase 6-pulse converter
Figure 4(d). Variation of power with battery voltage
at different switching angles for three phase 6- pulse
converter
Figure 4(e). Variation of THD with battery voltage
at different switching angles for three phase 6-pulse
converter
-1600
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
95 100105110115120125130135
Power(watts)
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
THD(%)
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Power(watts)
Battery Voltage (volts)
α=115
degree
α=105
degree
α=95
degree
31.2
31.4
31.6
31.8
32
32.2
32.4
32.6
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
THD(%)
Battery Voltage (volts)
α=115
degree
α=105
degree
 ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830
826
Figure 5. Simulink model of Two three-phase, half-wave,
3-pulse Converter
Figure 5(a). Line current with THD and
harmonics at switching angle α=95º
for two,
three-phase, half-wave 3-pulse converter
Figure 5(b). Variation of power with switching angle
for two three phase half wave 3-pulse ac to dc
converter
Figure 5(c). Variation of THD with switching angle
for two three phase half wave 3-pulse ac to dc
converter
THD and power transfer analysis is also done for 12-pulse converter for various configuration of
switching angles. Figure 6 shows the simulink model of three phase, 12-pulse converter. The value of
inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 10Ω and battery voltage is 24V. Figure 6(a) shows the line current with
THD and harmonics for three phase 12-pulse converter for switching angle, α = 95º
. Figures 6(b) and 6(c)
show the variation of power and THD with various switching angles for three-phase, 12-pulse converter,
respectively. It is evident from Figures 6(b) and 6(c) that for increasing switching angle the power transfer to
grid initially increases then its decreases and THD remains almost constant upto 115º
. Thereafter it increases
rapidly and therefore a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle. Figures 6(d) and 6(e)
show the variation of power and THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three-phase, 12-
pulse converter. As the battery voltage increases power transfer to grid increases and the THD decreases.
However at α=115º
results are satisfactory as the power transferred to grid increases rapidly.
Ia
Ib
Ic
Continuous
powergui
VcVbVa
g
a
k
T3Y3
g
a
k
T3Y1
g
a
k
T2Y1
g
a
k
T1Y3
g
a
k
T1Y2
g
a
k
T1Y1
Pulse
Generator3'
Pulse
Generator3
Pulse
Generator2'
Pulse
Generator2
Pulse
Generator1'
Pulse
Generator1
i+ -
Ic2
i+ -
Ic1
i+ -
Ib2
i+
-
Ib1
i+
-
Ia2
i
+ -
Ia1
[Ic2]
Goto5
[Ib2]
Goto4
[Ia2]
Goto3
[Ic1]
Goto2
[Ib1]
Goto1
[Ia1]
Goto
[Ic2]
From5
[Ic1]
From4
[Ib2]
From3
[Ib1]
From2
[Ia2]
From1
[Ia1]
From
-220
-210
-200
-190
-180
-170
95 105 115
Power(Watts)
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
At 12V
At 24V
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
95 105 115
THDin%ofFundamental
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
At 12V
At 24V
IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab)
827
Figure 6. Simulink model of three phase, 12-pulse
converter
Figure 6(a). Line current with THD and harmonics for
three phase 12-pulse converter
Figure 6(b). Variation of Power with switching angle
for three-phase, 12-pulse converter
Figure 6(c). Variation of THD with switching angle
for three-phase 12-pulse converter
Figure 6(d). Variation of power with battery voltage
at different switching angles for three-phase, 12-
pulse converter
Figure 6(e). Variation of THD with battery voltage at
different switching angles for three-phase, 12-pulse
converter
To reduce the harmonics of the line current, passive filters can be used. When a three phase filter is
added on the grid side, THD reduces drastically. These filters are shunt elements that are used in power
systems for decreasing voltage and current distortion and for power factor correction. Harmonic filters reduce
distortion by diverting harmonic currents in low impedance paths. The filters are built up from passive RLC
components. Their values can be computed using nominal reactive power, tuning frequencies and quality
factor. Here a combination of four types of filters are used in parallel, The filter set is made of the following
four components providing a total of 4 Kvar, 1 Kvar C-type high-pass filter tuned to the 3rd harmonic (F1), 1
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
95 100 105 110 115 120 125
Power(watts)
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
0
20
40
60
80
95 100 105 110 115 120 125
THD(%)
Switching Angle (α) in degrees
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Power(watts)
Battery Voltage (Volts)
α=115
degrees
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
THD(%)
Battery Voltage (volts)
α=115
degrees
 ISSN: 2088-8694
IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830
828
Kvar double-tuned filter tuned to the 11/13th (F2), 1 Kvar high-pass filter tuned to the 24th (F3) and 1Kvar
capacitor bank. For C-type high pass filter, nominal reactive power, tuning frequency and quality factor are 1
kvar, 150Hz and 2 respectively. These values for doubled tuned filter are 1kVar, (550Hz and 650 Hz) and 20
respectively whereas for high pass filter are 1kVar, 1200 Hz and 7 respectively. Figure 7 shows the simulink
model of the filter whereas figure 7(a) shows the line current with THD and harmonics for three-phase 12-
pulse inverter with three phase harmonic filters. It is evident that THD reduces drastically. Figure 7(b) and
7(c) show the three-phase line current on the grid side without filters and with filters respectively.
Figure 7. Simulink model of filters Figure 7(a). Line current with THD and harmonics
for three- phase12-pulse converter with three-phase
harmonic filters
Figure 7(b). Line current for three phase 12- pulse
converter
Figure 7(c). line currents for three-phase 12-pulse
converter with three-phase harmonic filters
Table-5 shows the comparison of THD and power delivered to grid at different load conditions for
6-pulse, two 3-pulse and 12-pulse converters. On decreasing the load, THD gradually increases and power
delivered decreases too for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters whereas for two 3-pulse converter both THD and
power delivered decreases. For the same load resistance, a 12-pulse converter shows better result than two 3-
pulse converter and 6-pulse converter. However Two 3-pulse converter shows better performance than a 6-
pulse converter. For α=95º
, battery voltage=24V, R=50Ω, THD is 36.04%, 26.65%, 16.75% for 6-pulse
converter, two 3-pulse converter and for 12-pulse converter, respectively. On increasing the switching angle,
THD increases for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters whereas for two 3-pulse converter THD decreases.
0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49
-10
0
10
FFT window: 3 of 25 cycles of selected signal
Time (s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Harmonic order
Fundamental (50Hz) = 13.11 , THD= 2.16%
Mag(%ofFundamental)
IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694 
Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab)
829
Table 5. Comparison of 6-pulse, two half-wave, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter for variation of power
transferred to grid and THD of line current for different battery voltage, load resistance and switching angles
Switching
angle
Battery
voltage
Load
resistance
6-pulse Converter
(3 level)
Two 3-pulse converter
(3 level)
12-pulse converter
(6 level)
THD in % Power (watt) THD Power THD Power
95 12 5 31.35 -595.1 29.96 -8549 15.32 -2639
10 31.45 -269.5 31.14 -4277 15.29 -1288
20 32.40 -104.8 29.36 -2142 15.76 -608.6
30 33.68 -49.17 28.90 -1433 16.09 -381.1
40 34.99 -20.72 28.25 -1080 16.30 -266.9
50 36.49 -3.263 27.59 -869.1 16.81 -198.2
24 5 31.20 -640.3 28.88 -9057 15.12 -2738
10 31.53 -292 29.08 -4531 15.37 -1337
20 32.82 -116.1 28.66 -2269 15.51 -633.3
30 33.94 -56.76 28.16 -1517 16.06 -397.6
40 34.36 -26.35 27.62 -1143 16.15 -279.3
50 36.04 -7.782 26.65 -919.9 16.75 -208.1
105 12 5 31.23 -1199 33.27 -7856 15.21 -4651
10 32.31 -571.4 31.97 -3932 15.50 -2295
20 33.93 -256.6 32.99 -1973 16.09 -1111
30 36.43 -149.3 30.65 -1322 16.75 -715.9
40 39.27 -95.53 29.70 -999 17.80 -517.9
50 42.59 -62.81 29.22 -806.2 18.26 -399
24 5 31.17 -1334 32.28 -8329 15.15 -4921
10 31.79 -639.5 31.28 -4169 15.46 -2430
20 33.72 -289.6 31.32 -2091 15.96 -1179
30 35.65 -172 31.32 -1401 16.83 -761.2
40 38.06 -112.6 29.41 -1058 17.22 -551.9
50 40.95 -76.42 29.12 -853.6 17.94 -426.2
115 12 5 32.97 -794.7 37.90 -7008 15.93 -2875
10 35.55 -367.9 37.72 -3511 16.61 -1403
20 42.90 -153.1 36.13 -1765 18.69 -664.4
30 52.13 -80.9 35.51 -1187 21.18 -418.3
40 62.42 -45.54 34.58 -899.8 23.65 -295.3
50 69.86 -28.27 33.83 -729 26.41 -221.6
24 5 32.43 -1014 36.82 -7439 15.82 -3314
10 34.36 -477.6 37.16 -3726 16.45 -1623
20 39.56 -207.9 38.88 -1873 18.33 -774.7
30 46.35 -117.5 35.23 -1259 20.08 -491.8
40 53.90 -71.84 34.24 -953.7 22.22 -350.5
50 62.80 -44.78 33.52 -772.1 24.50 -265.8
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, simulation analysis of three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse and
12-pulse converter is successfully done. THD and power transfer analysis is done for various combinations of
switching angles α, battery voltage and load resistance. It is evident from the results that on increasing the
switching angle THD gradually increases for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converter whereas for two 3-pulse
converter THD decreases. However, on increasing the battery voltage, power transfer to grid increases and
the THD decreases. From the results shown in this paper, it is concluded that for three phase 6-pulse
converter, THD of line current comes out to be 31.54 % in comparison with 15.39 % for three-phase, 12-
pulse converter at switching angle α=95º
whereas THD of line current for two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse
is 22.21 %. Therefore, two 3-pulse converter have good result than 6-pulse converter. THD of line current
decreases drastically for twelve pulse converter in comparison with 6-pulse and two 3- pulse converter. On
adding harmonic filters on the grid side, THD of 12-pulse converters reduces drastically to 2.16 %. Thus this
circuit topology can be used for solar PV based grid-tie inverters.
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830
[6] Adil Sarwar, Mohammad S. J. Asghar, “Simulation and Analysis of a Multilevel Converter Topology for Solar PV
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Mirza Mohammad Shadab was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He received B.Tech
degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Integral University, Lucknow, U.P in 2008,
M.Tech degree in Electrical Engineering from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, in
2011. He is pursuing PhD in electrical engineering from Integral University, Lucknow. He is
working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral
University, Lucknow, India. His research interests include renewable energy systems, multilevel
inverters, power system and drives.
M.A. Mallick received BSc.Engg. and M.Sc. Engg. degree from Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, India in 1994 and 1998, respectively. He received his PhD degree in the year 2011 from
Integral University, Lucknow. He is working as Professor in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India. His research interests include renewable
energy systems, power system modeling, instrumentation, electrical machines and drives. He is
serving as Fellow of IE (India), Associate member of IETE (India). He has many publications in
national and international journals and conferences. He also served as reviewer of reputed
national and international journals.
Mohammad Tufail was born in 1987 at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He received his B.Tech
degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and M.Tech degree in Instrumentation and
Control Engineering in 2008 & 2014 respectively, from Integral University, Lucknow, India. He
is currently working as a Lecturer in the Electrical Engineering Department of same university
since 2012. His area of interest includes Power Electronics, Control System and Renewable
Energy System.
M. S. Jamil Asghar was born in Patna, India. He had obtained B.Sc. Engg. (Electrical), M.Sc.
Engg. (Power Systems), and Ph.D. (Power Electronics) degrees from Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India. He had joined the Department of Electrical Engineering of the same
University in 1983 as a Lecturer/Assistant Professor and thereafter he became Professor in
1999.He has established the Centre of Renewable Energy in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, funded by Government of India. He is Coordinator of DRS program under Special
Assistance Program (SAP) of University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India. He
has written a text book, Power Electronics (Prentice-Hall of India) and is a Chapter author of
Power Electronics Handbook (Academic/Elsevier, California, USA, under joint program of
University of West Florida and University of Florida, USA). He has successfully completed
many Government funded research projects, guided six research thesis and several dozen
M.Tech. Dissertations. He has several patents to his credit related to renewable energy (total 17
patents). It includes discontinuous phase controlled switching system, analog MPPT solar PV
systems, Grid tied high power thyristor based solar PV systems, novel flexible Asynchronous Ac
Link (FASAL) for grid failure mitigation etc. He has published more than sixty papers in
referred journals and conference-proceedings including several single-authored papers in IEEE
Transactions. His research and teaching interests include Power Electronics, Renewable Energy
Systems and Electrical Machines. He is a fellow of IETE (India) and a member of IEEE since
1994.

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Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology

  • 1. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016, pp. 822~830 ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v7i3.10318  822 Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/IJPEDS Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology Mirza Mohammad Shadab*1 , Mohammad Arifuddin Mallick1 , Mohammad Tufail 1 , M.S. Jamil Asghar1 1,2, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India 4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Nov 12, 2015 Revised Mar 25, 2016 Accepted Apr 26, 2016 The conventional line-commutated ac-to-dc converters/ inverters have square-shaped line current. It contains higher-order harmonics which generates EMI and it causes more heating of the core of distribution or power transformers. PWM based inverters using MOSFET/IGBT have higher switching losses, and the power handling capability and reliability are quite low in comparison to thyristors/ SCR. A thyristor based forced commutated inverters are not suitable for PWM applications due to the problems of commutation circuits. A pure sinusoidal voltage output or waveform with low harmonic contents is most desirable for ac load using dc to ac conversion. This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology in which three phase ac- to-dc converter circuits are used in inversion mode by controlling the switching angle. Due to natural commutation, no separate circuit is required for synchronization. In this paper simulation and analysis are done for grid-tied three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12- pulse converter. These converters are analysed for different battery voltage and different switching angle combinations in order to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). Three-phase harmonic filters are further added to the grid side to reduce the harmonic content in the line current. A comparative study of these converters is also presented in this paper. Keyword: AC-DC Power Converters Inverters Multilevel Converter Copyright © 2016 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. Corresponding Author: Mirza Mohammad Shadab, Mobile : +919026244028,Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India. Email: mmshadab@iul.ac.in 1. INTRODUCTION At a higher power level, above one kW, normally a three phase system is employed. It reduces the unbalancing of the line current and load voltage. Three phase converters provide higher output voltage, and in addition the frequency of the ripples on the output voltage is higher compared with that of single phase converters. As a result, the filtering requirements for smoothing out the load current and load voltage are simpler. For these reasons, three phase converters are extensively used in high-power variable speed drives [1]. Multilevel topologies generate better output quality by reducing harmonics contents [2]. Multilevel inverters are used in high power applications such as Flexible AC transmission systems [3]. The need of filters is reduced by increasing the voltage level and the efficiency is high because of lesser harmonic [4].Three-phase, 12-pulse converters are extensively used in HVDC systems for conversion of ac power into dc which is fed in dc transmission line [5]. Earlier, single-phase ac to dc converters were used as an inverter for harnessing solar energy and feeding it to grid using grid-tie inverter [6, 7]. However in these cases, THD was substantially high. In this paper, three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter circuits are used which work as an inverter by connecting a dc voltage source at the load end and controlling the switching
  • 2. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694  Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab) 823 angle α. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink model is analysed for three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, 3- pulse and 12-pulse converter circuit and THD is found at different conditions of converter circuits. Circuit diagram of three phase 6-pulse converter is shown in figure 1. Each phase conducts and line current for 120°. When switching angle becomes higher than 90°, the converter works in inverter operation. Circuit diagram of two Three-Phase, half-wave, 3-Pulse ac-to-dc converter is shown in figure 2. Here two half-wave converters are connected in anti parallel mode through a same source with independent load. Both group of thyristers are triggered at more than 90° for inversion operation. Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of three-phase 12-pulse converter, where converter1 and converter 2 are basically 6-pulse converter connected with delta and star secondary windings, respectively. The conduction period of the line current for each converter is 120°. The number of turns in each phase winding of delta connection is times of star connection as the line voltage of both secondaries are same. Therefore, the reflected current in the primary winding due to delta connected winding is I0. The resultant current in the primary winding is sum of I0 due to converter 2 and I0 due to converter1 [8]. Therefore, the reflected current in the primary side is in stepped form [8]. Figure 1. Circuit diagram of three phase 6-pulse converter Figure 2. Circuit diagram of two three-phase half- wave 3-pulse ac-to-dc converter Figure 3. Circuit Diagram of Three-Phase 12-Pulse Converter 2. PROPOSED SCHEME A multilevel converter circuit with RLE load works in two modes of operation i.e. rectification mode and inverter mode. It works in inversion mode when the switching angle of each of the converter is greater than 90º [8]. Here, a multilevel circuit topology has been proposed for dc-to-ac conversion where batteries are charged from solar PV cells. The circuit has been analyzed for three level as well as six level of line current. It can be extended to higher levels for better performance [9]. However, the increase of level adds to the cost of converter. So, a suitable compromise has to be made between the THD of the line current and cost of additional hardware. For three level, two three-phase half-wave 3-pulse ac-to-dc converter and three-phase 6-pulse converter topologies are used and for six level, 12-pulse converter topology is used. The major advantage of the proposed configuration is that in continuous current mode of operation of each converter, the waveform of line current resembles a stepped sinusoidal wave and with suitable selection of switching angles the harmonic contents can be reduced drastically.
  • 3.  ISSN: 2088-8694 IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830 824 3. CONTROL STRATEGY In general, the load current can be either continuous or discontinuous. In case of continuous current operation, the current of conducting thyristors does not reduce to zero level. The condition depends upon dc source voltage, phase angle of load or inductor and the switching angle. (a) Three level control strategy: For three level line current, three-phase 6-pulse converter and two three- phase, half-wave, 3-Pulse ac-to-dc converter are used. Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse ac-to-dc converter is shown in Figure 2 in which two 3-pulse half-wave converter are connected in anti parallel through a same source with independent load. Both group of thyristors are triggered at more than 90° for inversion operation. (b) Six level control strategy: For this strategy three-phase 12-pulse converter is used, where converter1 and converter2 are connected with delta-star connected secondary windings, respectively. The conduction period of the line current for each converter is 120°. Conduction period of each converter is 30° phase shifted. The number of turns in each phase winding of delta connection is times of star connection [8]. The line current for each converter is approximately square wave of (Idc) with 120° conduction period. The line current for the star connected secondary winding (i1) is the same as its phase current (is1). The phase current of delta connected secondary winding (is2) is obtained by considering the transformer secondary as a current divider rule [10]. Thus, is2 = 2/3 Idc lines A2 & B2 are both conducting = 1/3 Idc only one of lines A2 or B2 conducting The primary current as the primary is connected in star will be the sum of the secondary winding currents multiplied by the proper turns ratio and is obtained as, iA = (is1+√3is2). n (1) where n is the turns ratio The winding current (is1) of star connected secondary can be expressed Fourier series as Is1(wt) = ∑ ( ) ( ) , (n is odd) Similarly, delta connected secondary winding current is2 can be expressed in Fourier series as, Is2(wt) = ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) , Hence the combined current drawn by the primary winding (using 1) is obtained as, iA = Idc [sinθ – θ + θ where θ = wt - 4. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION RESULTS Simulation of the models is done using MATLAB/ Simulink. The triggering pulses are given from the pulse generator block of the simulink blockset. Figure 4 shows the simulink model of three-phase, 6-pulse converter. The value of inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 5 Ω, dc voltage is 24V. In this paper, THD and power transfer analysis is done for various combinations of switching angles (α) [11, 12]. Figure 4(a) shows the line current with THD and harmonics for three-phase 6-pulse inverter for switching angle (α) = 115º . Figure 4(b) and 4(c) shows the variation of power and THD with different switching angles for three-phase, 6-pulse inverter respectively. It is evident from Figure 4(b) and 4(c) that for increasing switching angle the power transfer to grid initially increases thereafter its decreases and the THD is almost constant upto 120º then its increases rapidly. Therefore a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle. Figure 4(d) and 4(e) shows the variation of power and THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three- phase 6-pulse inverter. As the battery voltage increases power transfer to grid increases and the THD decreases. However, at α=105º results are satisfactory. Figure 5 shows the simulink model of Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse Converter. The value of inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 250Ω and battery voltage is 12V. Figure 5(a) shows the line current with THD and harmonics at switching angle α=95º . Figure 5(b) shows the variation of power with switching angle combinations (α=95º , α=105º and α=115º ) with battery voltage of 12V and 24V. Figure 5(c) shows the variation of THD with switching angle combinations (α=95º , α=105º and α=115º ). It is evident from figure 5(b) and 5(c) that for increasing switching angle the power transfer to grid decreases and the THD increases rapidly and, so a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle.
  • 4. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694  Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab) 825 Figure 4. Simulink model three-phase, 6-pulse converter Figure 4(a). Line current with THD and harmonics at switching angle α=95º for three phase 6-pulse inverter Figure 4(b). Variation of power with switching angle for three phase 6-pulse converter Figure 4(c). Variation of THD with switching angle for three phase 6-pulse converter Figure 4(d). Variation of power with battery voltage at different switching angles for three phase 6- pulse converter Figure 4(e). Variation of THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three phase 6-pulse converter -1600 -1400 -1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 95 100105110115120125130135 Power(watts) Switching Angle (α) in degrees 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 THD(%) Switching Angle (α) in degrees -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 Power(watts) Battery Voltage (volts) α=115 degree α=105 degree α=95 degree 31.2 31.4 31.6 31.8 32 32.2 32.4 32.6 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 THD(%) Battery Voltage (volts) α=115 degree α=105 degree
  • 5.  ISSN: 2088-8694 IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830 826 Figure 5. Simulink model of Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse Converter Figure 5(a). Line current with THD and harmonics at switching angle α=95º for two, three-phase, half-wave 3-pulse converter Figure 5(b). Variation of power with switching angle for two three phase half wave 3-pulse ac to dc converter Figure 5(c). Variation of THD with switching angle for two three phase half wave 3-pulse ac to dc converter THD and power transfer analysis is also done for 12-pulse converter for various configuration of switching angles. Figure 6 shows the simulink model of three phase, 12-pulse converter. The value of inductor is 100 mH, resistance is 10Ω and battery voltage is 24V. Figure 6(a) shows the line current with THD and harmonics for three phase 12-pulse converter for switching angle, α = 95º . Figures 6(b) and 6(c) show the variation of power and THD with various switching angles for three-phase, 12-pulse converter, respectively. It is evident from Figures 6(b) and 6(c) that for increasing switching angle the power transfer to grid initially increases then its decreases and THD remains almost constant upto 115º . Thereafter it increases rapidly and therefore a suitable compromise is made for selecting switching angle. Figures 6(d) and 6(e) show the variation of power and THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three-phase, 12- pulse converter. As the battery voltage increases power transfer to grid increases and the THD decreases. However at α=115º results are satisfactory as the power transferred to grid increases rapidly. Ia Ib Ic Continuous powergui VcVbVa g a k T3Y3 g a k T3Y1 g a k T2Y1 g a k T1Y3 g a k T1Y2 g a k T1Y1 Pulse Generator3' Pulse Generator3 Pulse Generator2' Pulse Generator2 Pulse Generator1' Pulse Generator1 i+ - Ic2 i+ - Ic1 i+ - Ib2 i+ - Ib1 i+ - Ia2 i + - Ia1 [Ic2] Goto5 [Ib2] Goto4 [Ia2] Goto3 [Ic1] Goto2 [Ib1] Goto1 [Ia1] Goto [Ic2] From5 [Ic1] From4 [Ib2] From3 [Ib1] From2 [Ia2] From1 [Ia1] From -220 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 95 105 115 Power(Watts) Switching Angle (α) in degrees At 12V At 24V 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 95 105 115 THDin%ofFundamental Switching Angle (α) in degrees At 12V At 24V
  • 6. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694  Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab) 827 Figure 6. Simulink model of three phase, 12-pulse converter Figure 6(a). Line current with THD and harmonics for three phase 12-pulse converter Figure 6(b). Variation of Power with switching angle for three-phase, 12-pulse converter Figure 6(c). Variation of THD with switching angle for three-phase 12-pulse converter Figure 6(d). Variation of power with battery voltage at different switching angles for three-phase, 12- pulse converter Figure 6(e). Variation of THD with battery voltage at different switching angles for three-phase, 12-pulse converter To reduce the harmonics of the line current, passive filters can be used. When a three phase filter is added on the grid side, THD reduces drastically. These filters are shunt elements that are used in power systems for decreasing voltage and current distortion and for power factor correction. Harmonic filters reduce distortion by diverting harmonic currents in low impedance paths. The filters are built up from passive RLC components. Their values can be computed using nominal reactive power, tuning frequencies and quality factor. Here a combination of four types of filters are used in parallel, The filter set is made of the following four components providing a total of 4 Kvar, 1 Kvar C-type high-pass filter tuned to the 3rd harmonic (F1), 1 -3000 -2500 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 Power(watts) Switching Angle (α) in degrees 0 20 40 60 80 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 THD(%) Switching Angle (α) in degrees -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 Power(watts) Battery Voltage (Volts) α=115 degrees 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 THD(%) Battery Voltage (volts) α=115 degrees
  • 7.  ISSN: 2088-8694 IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830 828 Kvar double-tuned filter tuned to the 11/13th (F2), 1 Kvar high-pass filter tuned to the 24th (F3) and 1Kvar capacitor bank. For C-type high pass filter, nominal reactive power, tuning frequency and quality factor are 1 kvar, 150Hz and 2 respectively. These values for doubled tuned filter are 1kVar, (550Hz and 650 Hz) and 20 respectively whereas for high pass filter are 1kVar, 1200 Hz and 7 respectively. Figure 7 shows the simulink model of the filter whereas figure 7(a) shows the line current with THD and harmonics for three-phase 12- pulse inverter with three phase harmonic filters. It is evident that THD reduces drastically. Figure 7(b) and 7(c) show the three-phase line current on the grid side without filters and with filters respectively. Figure 7. Simulink model of filters Figure 7(a). Line current with THD and harmonics for three- phase12-pulse converter with three-phase harmonic filters Figure 7(b). Line current for three phase 12- pulse converter Figure 7(c). line currents for three-phase 12-pulse converter with three-phase harmonic filters Table-5 shows the comparison of THD and power delivered to grid at different load conditions for 6-pulse, two 3-pulse and 12-pulse converters. On decreasing the load, THD gradually increases and power delivered decreases too for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters whereas for two 3-pulse converter both THD and power delivered decreases. For the same load resistance, a 12-pulse converter shows better result than two 3- pulse converter and 6-pulse converter. However Two 3-pulse converter shows better performance than a 6- pulse converter. For α=95º , battery voltage=24V, R=50Ω, THD is 36.04%, 26.65%, 16.75% for 6-pulse converter, two 3-pulse converter and for 12-pulse converter, respectively. On increasing the switching angle, THD increases for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converters whereas for two 3-pulse converter THD decreases. 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 -10 0 10 FFT window: 3 of 25 cycles of selected signal Time (s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Harmonic order Fundamental (50Hz) = 13.11 , THD= 2.16% Mag(%ofFundamental)
  • 8. IJPEDS ISSN: 2088-8694  Development of a Novel Three Phase Grid-Tied Multilevel Inverter Topology (Mirza Mohammad Shadab) 829 Table 5. Comparison of 6-pulse, two half-wave, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter for variation of power transferred to grid and THD of line current for different battery voltage, load resistance and switching angles Switching angle Battery voltage Load resistance 6-pulse Converter (3 level) Two 3-pulse converter (3 level) 12-pulse converter (6 level) THD in % Power (watt) THD Power THD Power 95 12 5 31.35 -595.1 29.96 -8549 15.32 -2639 10 31.45 -269.5 31.14 -4277 15.29 -1288 20 32.40 -104.8 29.36 -2142 15.76 -608.6 30 33.68 -49.17 28.90 -1433 16.09 -381.1 40 34.99 -20.72 28.25 -1080 16.30 -266.9 50 36.49 -3.263 27.59 -869.1 16.81 -198.2 24 5 31.20 -640.3 28.88 -9057 15.12 -2738 10 31.53 -292 29.08 -4531 15.37 -1337 20 32.82 -116.1 28.66 -2269 15.51 -633.3 30 33.94 -56.76 28.16 -1517 16.06 -397.6 40 34.36 -26.35 27.62 -1143 16.15 -279.3 50 36.04 -7.782 26.65 -919.9 16.75 -208.1 105 12 5 31.23 -1199 33.27 -7856 15.21 -4651 10 32.31 -571.4 31.97 -3932 15.50 -2295 20 33.93 -256.6 32.99 -1973 16.09 -1111 30 36.43 -149.3 30.65 -1322 16.75 -715.9 40 39.27 -95.53 29.70 -999 17.80 -517.9 50 42.59 -62.81 29.22 -806.2 18.26 -399 24 5 31.17 -1334 32.28 -8329 15.15 -4921 10 31.79 -639.5 31.28 -4169 15.46 -2430 20 33.72 -289.6 31.32 -2091 15.96 -1179 30 35.65 -172 31.32 -1401 16.83 -761.2 40 38.06 -112.6 29.41 -1058 17.22 -551.9 50 40.95 -76.42 29.12 -853.6 17.94 -426.2 115 12 5 32.97 -794.7 37.90 -7008 15.93 -2875 10 35.55 -367.9 37.72 -3511 16.61 -1403 20 42.90 -153.1 36.13 -1765 18.69 -664.4 30 52.13 -80.9 35.51 -1187 21.18 -418.3 40 62.42 -45.54 34.58 -899.8 23.65 -295.3 50 69.86 -28.27 33.83 -729 26.41 -221.6 24 5 32.43 -1014 36.82 -7439 15.82 -3314 10 34.36 -477.6 37.16 -3726 16.45 -1623 20 39.56 -207.9 38.88 -1873 18.33 -774.7 30 46.35 -117.5 35.23 -1259 20.08 -491.8 40 53.90 -71.84 34.24 -953.7 22.22 -350.5 50 62.80 -44.78 33.52 -772.1 24.50 -265.8 5. CONCLUSION In this paper, simulation analysis of three-phase 6-pulse, Two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse and 12-pulse converter is successfully done. THD and power transfer analysis is done for various combinations of switching angles α, battery voltage and load resistance. It is evident from the results that on increasing the switching angle THD gradually increases for 6-pulse and 12-pulse converter whereas for two 3-pulse converter THD decreases. However, on increasing the battery voltage, power transfer to grid increases and the THD decreases. From the results shown in this paper, it is concluded that for three phase 6-pulse converter, THD of line current comes out to be 31.54 % in comparison with 15.39 % for three-phase, 12- pulse converter at switching angle α=95º whereas THD of line current for two three-phase, half-wave, 3-pulse is 22.21 %. Therefore, two 3-pulse converter have good result than 6-pulse converter. THD of line current decreases drastically for twelve pulse converter in comparison with 6-pulse and two 3- pulse converter. On adding harmonic filters on the grid side, THD of 12-pulse converters reduces drastically to 2.16 %. Thus this circuit topology can be used for solar PV based grid-tie inverters. REFERENCES [1] Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices, and Applications”, Pearson, Third Edition. [2] Minai A.F, Tariq A, “Analysis of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter”, IICPE-10, IEEE conference, 2011 [3] G. Nageswara Rao, P. Sangameswara Raju, K. Chandrasekhar, “Multilevel Inverter Based Active Power Filter for Harmonic Elimination”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS), Vol.3, No.3, September 2013, pp. 271-278, ISSN: 2088-8694 [4] L. Sabari Nathan, S. Karthik, S. Ravi Krishna, “The 27-Level Multilevel Inverter for Solar PV Applications”, 978- 1-4673-0934-9/12/2012 IEEE. [5] N. Hingorani and G. Gyugai, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1999.
  • 9.  ISSN: 2088-8694 IJPEDS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2016 : 822 – 830 830 [6] Adil Sarwar, Mohammad S. J. Asghar, “Simulation and Analysis of a Multilevel Converter Topology for Solar PV Based Grid Connected Inverter” Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2011, 2, 56-62, doi:10.4236/sgre.2011.21007 Published Online February 2011. [7] Adil Sarwar, M.S. Jamil Asghar, “Multilevel Converter Topology for Solar PV Based Grid-Tie Inverters” 2010 IEEE International Energy Conference [8] M.S.J. Asghar “Power Electronics”, PHI learning, India, chapter 6, 2004. [9] Nakul Thombre, Ratika singh Rawat, Priyanka Rana, Umashankar S, “A Novel Topology of Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Number of Switches and DC Sources” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS), Vol. 5, No. 1, July 2014, pp. 56-62 [10] S.N. Singh, “A Textbook of Power Electronics”, Dhanpat Rai & Co. [11] Mirza Mohammad Shadab, Mohammad Tufail, Qamar Alam, Mohammad Ariffudin Mallick, “Simulation and analysis of a grid connected multi-level converter topologies and their comparison” Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology-Elsevier, 2014,vol-1,issue-2, pp-166-174, doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2014.07.007 [12] Mohammed Asim, Heena Parveen , Dr. M.A. Mallick, Ambreen Siddiqui, “Performance Evaluation Of Pfc Boost Converters”, International Journal Of Innovative Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 11, November 2015,pp 107-110 BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS Mirza Mohammad Shadab was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He received B.Tech degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Integral University, Lucknow, U.P in 2008, M.Tech degree in Electrical Engineering from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, in 2011. He is pursuing PhD in electrical engineering from Integral University, Lucknow. He is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India. His research interests include renewable energy systems, multilevel inverters, power system and drives. M.A. Mallick received BSc.Engg. and M.Sc. Engg. degree from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in 1994 and 1998, respectively. He received his PhD degree in the year 2011 from Integral University, Lucknow. He is working as Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India. His research interests include renewable energy systems, power system modeling, instrumentation, electrical machines and drives. He is serving as Fellow of IE (India), Associate member of IETE (India). He has many publications in national and international journals and conferences. He also served as reviewer of reputed national and international journals. Mohammad Tufail was born in 1987 at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He received his B.Tech degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and M.Tech degree in Instrumentation and Control Engineering in 2008 & 2014 respectively, from Integral University, Lucknow, India. He is currently working as a Lecturer in the Electrical Engineering Department of same university since 2012. His area of interest includes Power Electronics, Control System and Renewable Energy System. M. S. Jamil Asghar was born in Patna, India. He had obtained B.Sc. Engg. (Electrical), M.Sc. Engg. (Power Systems), and Ph.D. (Power Electronics) degrees from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He had joined the Department of Electrical Engineering of the same University in 1983 as a Lecturer/Assistant Professor and thereafter he became Professor in 1999.He has established the Centre of Renewable Energy in the Department of Electrical Engineering, funded by Government of India. He is Coordinator of DRS program under Special Assistance Program (SAP) of University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India. He has written a text book, Power Electronics (Prentice-Hall of India) and is a Chapter author of Power Electronics Handbook (Academic/Elsevier, California, USA, under joint program of University of West Florida and University of Florida, USA). He has successfully completed many Government funded research projects, guided six research thesis and several dozen M.Tech. Dissertations. He has several patents to his credit related to renewable energy (total 17 patents). It includes discontinuous phase controlled switching system, analog MPPT solar PV systems, Grid tied high power thyristor based solar PV systems, novel flexible Asynchronous Ac Link (FASAL) for grid failure mitigation etc. He has published more than sixty papers in referred journals and conference-proceedings including several single-authored papers in IEEE Transactions. His research and teaching interests include Power Electronics, Renewable Energy Systems and Electrical Machines. He is a fellow of IETE (India) and a member of IEEE since 1994.