This document presents a case study analyzing accidents at a black spot location on National Highway 48 in Karnataka, India. The authors developed multiple regression models to understand the relationship between accident rate and various highway geometric and traffic parameters. They collected accident and traffic data for the Busthenahalli bypass and analyzed the effects of factors like age of driver, rise, fall, pavement width, sight distance, and annual daily traffic on accident rate. Quadratic and power curves best described the relationships between accident rate and factors like rise, fall, pavement width, and traffic. The final regression model showed accident rate was influenced by pavement width, rise and fall, sight distance, and traffic volume. The model fit the observed accident data well
Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Studyiosrjce
Humans prefer comfort in every form. The same reason has prompted him to lay the roads and invent
motor vehicles. This is the era we are seeing very huge number of vehicles on the roads. But to his dismay, with this
comfortless, there came the problem of accidents due to increase in traffic volume. The increased human misery and
serious economic loss caused by road accidents demand the attention of the society and call for the solution of this
problem. The causes for accidents are many. It may be either due to the fault of the driver or vehicular defect, tough
weather condition or due to improper road design and many more. Precisely, if accidents occur frequently at a
particular road stretch then, the location is coined as Black Spot. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
evaluate the effects of highway geometrics and speed parameters in increased accident rates at the black spot. The
black spot of our interest is Busthenahalli bypass (spot-A) on National Highway-48 between Bangalore and
Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The mixed traffic condition prevailing on the road and the inadequate geometric
conditions on field create the problem of increased accident rates. The regression equation for the condition
prevailing has been found for the location under consideration which represents the variation of accident rate with
age of the driver, rise and fall, pavement width, Stopping Sight Distance for operating speed and regulating speed and
Annual Daily Traffic(ADT).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
Pedestrian Accident Scenario of Dhaka City and Development of a Prediction ModelRafidTahmid1
Conference: International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD).
Year: 2015.
Place: Department of Civil Engineering, DUET - Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Type: Conference Paper.
Paper ID: TE-049.
Authors: H. M. Ahsan (1); M. H. Rahman (2).
(1) Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: hmahsan@ce.buet.ac.bd
(2) Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: md.hasibur.rahman.buet.ce@gmail.com
Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Studyiosrjce
Humans prefer comfort in every form. The same reason has prompted him to lay the roads and invent
motor vehicles. This is the era we are seeing very huge number of vehicles on the roads. But to his dismay, with this
comfortless, there came the problem of accidents due to increase in traffic volume. The increased human misery and
serious economic loss caused by road accidents demand the attention of the society and call for the solution of this
problem. The causes for accidents are many. It may be either due to the fault of the driver or vehicular defect, tough
weather condition or due to improper road design and many more. Precisely, if accidents occur frequently at a
particular road stretch then, the location is coined as Black Spot. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
evaluate the effects of highway geometrics and speed parameters in increased accident rates at the black spot. The
black spot of our interest is Busthenahalli bypass (spot-A) on National Highway-48 between Bangalore and
Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The mixed traffic condition prevailing on the road and the inadequate geometric
conditions on field create the problem of increased accident rates. The regression equation for the condition
prevailing has been found for the location under consideration which represents the variation of accident rate with
age of the driver, rise and fall, pavement width, Stopping Sight Distance for operating speed and regulating speed and
Annual Daily Traffic(ADT).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
Pedestrian Accident Scenario of Dhaka City and Development of a Prediction ModelRafidTahmid1
Conference: International Conference on Recent Innovation in Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (IICSD).
Year: 2015.
Place: Department of Civil Engineering, DUET - Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Type: Conference Paper.
Paper ID: TE-049.
Authors: H. M. Ahsan (1); M. H. Rahman (2).
(1) Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: hmahsan@ce.buet.ac.bd
(2) Undergraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Email: md.hasibur.rahman.buet.ce@gmail.com
Consequences of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria: Time Series Approach Editor IJCATR
Road traffic accident in Nigeria is increasing at a worrying rate and has raised one of the country major concerns. We provided appropriate and suitable time series model for the consequences of road accident, the injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident in Nigeria. The most widely used conventional method, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model of time series, also known as Box-Jenkins method is applied to yearly data on the consequences of road accident data in Nigeria from 1960-2013 to determine patterns of road traffic accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident along the Nigeria motorway. Appropriate models are developed for the accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty. ARIMA (0; 2; 1) model is obtained for the injury and total casualty consequences, whilst ARIMA(1,2,2) model is obtained for the killed consequences, using the data from 1960-2011. The adequacy and the performance of the model are tested on the remaining data from 2012 to 2013. Seven years forecast are provided using the developed models and showed that road traffic accident consequences examined; injured, killed and total casualty would continue to increase on average.
Public Transportation is termed as providing regular and continuous conveyance to the people in the society. The primary mode of transportation in Indian is road. Nearly 80% of the people in Indian are depend on road ways. The State Government is the primary stakeholder in road Transportation Corporation. The fundamental objective of any RTC is to provide high quality service at economical rates. But most of RTC’s are collecting high fares and providing low quality service. In India 72 million people are travelling in road ways for their day today life. Even though there is a large scope of profits because of the demand, most of the state RTC’s are in losses. The losses are mainly because of unscientific resource allocation and huge investment.
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Quantifying modelingon risk of travel demand and measure to sustaining road s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In these days urbanization of road transportation facilities are more complexity to developing in the form of to improve road safety. With the increased usage of Vehicles has enhanced the need for developing the infrastructure where these motor vehicles can move safely. By developing safe roads which connect destinations and cities is a key foundation to infrastructural development in a safe connectivity of road transportation. Mainly in this study can approach the road safety by using principal component analysis(PCA) by using MAT LAB and geographical information system (GIS) Arc-GIS software to develop base maps and accident causing zones identify in the study area. In this study an attempt has been made to study the existing road network for Ongole, Pernamitta village road (Kurnool road state highway) area and propose the necessary improvements to be done. And this model presented in this paper discussing with a multi set of variables under the one dimensionality set to identifying and deriving the new data set for risk identify zones with raking by this analysis of principal component analysis. The safety audit is defined as the place or location which causes number of accidents. It may be curve or faulty infrastructure. Such accidents are taken as input from Ongole taluka Police Station at Ongole for further study. These accidents are registered from First Information Report (FIR) informed by people. The study areas taken into consideration are Ongole to Pernamitta village Road (Ongole to Kurnool UN divided two way line state highway). The aim of this study is to minimize the accidents and find out the risk identify zones on the particular road network. Key words: road safety,faulty infrastructure, PCA analysis, Arc-GIS,FIR and urbanization.
The fatality of traffic accidents of the world population is approximately 1.2 million people every year. According to the World Health Organization(2004), related injuries from road incidents will rank 3rd for global burden of disease in 2030. In order to tackle traffic accidents effectively, one needs to analyse their traffic pattern. The traffic accident black spot programme is developed from analysis of traffic accidents (Chris’s Britain Road Directory, 2017). Black spot or black site refers to area with high traffic accident risk. In 1955, the UK first introduced an unprecedented type of traffic sign – Accident Black Spot Sign (The National Archives, 2017). Since then, more and more Commonwealth countries followed the UK to promote and develop their own black spot investigations. In this paper, I will first explain why traffic accidents occurs and common determination methods of black spots. After that, I will present the current situation of Hong Kong.
Analysis of Saturated Intersection towards Volume Capacity in the section of ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study to analyze the saturation level of the intersections, given the level of congestion on the tolerance within 0, 5-1 km, takes 15-30 minutes in the mornings and afternoons .Some suggested recommendations based on observational studies, while the need to get a decision strategic and as the foundation of permanent and long-term nature of 10-20 years. Through the concept of Management of Transport Demand, integrated concept between the infrastructure according to volume ratio and capacity ideal, so avoid the congestion and accidents, also can meet market demand by customers in every segment of transport demand for transportation services of all things: Quality of Service .Also created: their steady flows, are free to choose the speed, ease of access and movement / mobility, free of cost / efficiency in fuel costs due to traffic jams and accident-free facilities and infrastructure reasons not support the Transport network.
Identification, Analysis and Suggestions for Accident Blackspots IIJSRJournal
In the study the four black spots along the state highway-39 was recognized. The current conditions and causes for the accidents were analyzed based on the data procured from first information report. Later these spots were physically examined and the suggestions for possible reduction of the fatalities were provided. Accident density and weighted severity index were determined and potential suggestions to reduce the fatalities are described. The measures are suggested to reduce the accidents. Since, safer roads provide safe journey for all the stake holders.
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
A RATIONAL APPROACH FOR ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVE BIDDING OF INFRASTRUCTURE P...IAEME Publication
Contract Management plays a vital role in the execution of construction projects for infrastructure creation such as Indian railways (IR). A bird’s eye view of issues in the public procurement practices of IR is given based on a recent audit report on the subject. IR inherited the rich British legacy and due to this historical background, a brief appraisal of public procurement practices and guidelines in UK is given in this paper for a comparative analysis. The focus of this paper is to customize a global trend of multi criteria contract management. A case study of competitive bidding in IR based on multi criteria is discussed. The multi criteria attributes being globally adopted are recommended in Civil Engineering constructions contracts. This is based on a comprehensive analysis of price and non price criteria which was financed by the Swedish Research Council (SRC).
Prediction of Car Price using Linear Regressionijtsrd
In this paper, we look at how supervised machine learning techniques can be used to forecast car prices in India. Data from the online marketplace quikr was used to make the predictions. The predictions were made using a variety of methods, including multiple linear regression analysis, Random forest regressor and Randomized search CV. The predictions are then analyzed and compared to determine which ones provide the best results. A seemingly simple problem turned out to be extremely difficult to solve accurately. All of the strategies yielded similar results. In the future, we want to make predictions using more advanced technologies. Ravi Shastri | Dr. A Rengarajan "Prediction of Car Price using Linear Regression" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42421.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/data-processing/42421/prediction-of-car-price-using-linear-regression/ravi-shastri
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
an application of analytic network process for evaluating public transport su...BME
For public transportation problem there are some analytic hierarchical processes for decision support, however there only very few applications which consider the interrelations between the public transport supply quality factors. Because representing the problem by the analytic network process is more similar to real situations where the factors act in a non hierarchical way. The paper aims to analyze the interrelation and the importance of relevant factors in public transportation systems by using the analytic network process, that support the decision makers to evaluate the impacts of different criteria in the final result.
Consequences of Road Traffic Accident in Nigeria: Time Series Approach Editor IJCATR
Road traffic accident in Nigeria is increasing at a worrying rate and has raised one of the country major concerns. We provided appropriate and suitable time series model for the consequences of road accident, the injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident in Nigeria. The most widely used conventional method, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model of time series, also known as Box-Jenkins method is applied to yearly data on the consequences of road accident data in Nigeria from 1960-2013 to determine patterns of road traffic accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty of the road accident along the Nigeria motorway. Appropriate models are developed for the accident consequences; injured, killed and total casualty. ARIMA (0; 2; 1) model is obtained for the injury and total casualty consequences, whilst ARIMA(1,2,2) model is obtained for the killed consequences, using the data from 1960-2011. The adequacy and the performance of the model are tested on the remaining data from 2012 to 2013. Seven years forecast are provided using the developed models and showed that road traffic accident consequences examined; injured, killed and total casualty would continue to increase on average.
Public Transportation is termed as providing regular and continuous conveyance to the people in the society. The primary mode of transportation in Indian is road. Nearly 80% of the people in Indian are depend on road ways. The State Government is the primary stakeholder in road Transportation Corporation. The fundamental objective of any RTC is to provide high quality service at economical rates. But most of RTC’s are collecting high fares and providing low quality service. In India 72 million people are travelling in road ways for their day today life. Even though there is a large scope of profits because of the demand, most of the state RTC’s are in losses. The losses are mainly because of unscientific resource allocation and huge investment.
Traffic studies of urban mid block section a case study of pragatinagar to ak...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Quantifying modelingon risk of travel demand and measure to sustaining road s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In these days urbanization of road transportation facilities are more complexity to developing in the form of to improve road safety. With the increased usage of Vehicles has enhanced the need for developing the infrastructure where these motor vehicles can move safely. By developing safe roads which connect destinations and cities is a key foundation to infrastructural development in a safe connectivity of road transportation. Mainly in this study can approach the road safety by using principal component analysis(PCA) by using MAT LAB and geographical information system (GIS) Arc-GIS software to develop base maps and accident causing zones identify in the study area. In this study an attempt has been made to study the existing road network for Ongole, Pernamitta village road (Kurnool road state highway) area and propose the necessary improvements to be done. And this model presented in this paper discussing with a multi set of variables under the one dimensionality set to identifying and deriving the new data set for risk identify zones with raking by this analysis of principal component analysis. The safety audit is defined as the place or location which causes number of accidents. It may be curve or faulty infrastructure. Such accidents are taken as input from Ongole taluka Police Station at Ongole for further study. These accidents are registered from First Information Report (FIR) informed by people. The study areas taken into consideration are Ongole to Pernamitta village Road (Ongole to Kurnool UN divided two way line state highway). The aim of this study is to minimize the accidents and find out the risk identify zones on the particular road network. Key words: road safety,faulty infrastructure, PCA analysis, Arc-GIS,FIR and urbanization.
The fatality of traffic accidents of the world population is approximately 1.2 million people every year. According to the World Health Organization(2004), related injuries from road incidents will rank 3rd for global burden of disease in 2030. In order to tackle traffic accidents effectively, one needs to analyse their traffic pattern. The traffic accident black spot programme is developed from analysis of traffic accidents (Chris’s Britain Road Directory, 2017). Black spot or black site refers to area with high traffic accident risk. In 1955, the UK first introduced an unprecedented type of traffic sign – Accident Black Spot Sign (The National Archives, 2017). Since then, more and more Commonwealth countries followed the UK to promote and develop their own black spot investigations. In this paper, I will first explain why traffic accidents occurs and common determination methods of black spots. After that, I will present the current situation of Hong Kong.
Analysis of Saturated Intersection towards Volume Capacity in the section of ...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study to analyze the saturation level of the intersections, given the level of congestion on the tolerance within 0, 5-1 km, takes 15-30 minutes in the mornings and afternoons .Some suggested recommendations based on observational studies, while the need to get a decision strategic and as the foundation of permanent and long-term nature of 10-20 years. Through the concept of Management of Transport Demand, integrated concept between the infrastructure according to volume ratio and capacity ideal, so avoid the congestion and accidents, also can meet market demand by customers in every segment of transport demand for transportation services of all things: Quality of Service .Also created: their steady flows, are free to choose the speed, ease of access and movement / mobility, free of cost / efficiency in fuel costs due to traffic jams and accident-free facilities and infrastructure reasons not support the Transport network.
Identification, Analysis and Suggestions for Accident Blackspots IIJSRJournal
In the study the four black spots along the state highway-39 was recognized. The current conditions and causes for the accidents were analyzed based on the data procured from first information report. Later these spots were physically examined and the suggestions for possible reduction of the fatalities were provided. Accident density and weighted severity index were determined and potential suggestions to reduce the fatalities are described. The measures are suggested to reduce the accidents. Since, safer roads provide safe journey for all the stake holders.
There are number of limitations for evaluating sustainability of any transportation
system. Huge research work and studies has been carried regarding sustainable
transportation and sustainability indicators. But the specific decision making
methodologies for sustainability evaluation aligned with sustainability of
transportation system is missing at present. Hence it is required to develop the
framework for assessment of sustainability in terms of performance measures
considering the prefixed goals for the purpose of planning. As a part of Multi Criteria
Decision Making process, the Multi Attribute Utility Technique based methodology is
adopted as the most suitable method. In this paper the sustainability index evaluation
is based on combination of individual performance measures is carried out using Multi
Attribute Utility Technique based methodology for emerging metropolitan city of
Nagpur. The results obtained can be conveniently used in sustainability evaluation
process for any corridor. It can also be utilized for comparing the results obtained
through the sustainability evaluation for different scenarios.
A RATIONAL APPROACH FOR ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVE BIDDING OF INFRASTRUCTURE P...IAEME Publication
Contract Management plays a vital role in the execution of construction projects for infrastructure creation such as Indian railways (IR). A bird’s eye view of issues in the public procurement practices of IR is given based on a recent audit report on the subject. IR inherited the rich British legacy and due to this historical background, a brief appraisal of public procurement practices and guidelines in UK is given in this paper for a comparative analysis. The focus of this paper is to customize a global trend of multi criteria contract management. A case study of competitive bidding in IR based on multi criteria is discussed. The multi criteria attributes being globally adopted are recommended in Civil Engineering constructions contracts. This is based on a comprehensive analysis of price and non price criteria which was financed by the Swedish Research Council (SRC).
Prediction of Car Price using Linear Regressionijtsrd
In this paper, we look at how supervised machine learning techniques can be used to forecast car prices in India. Data from the online marketplace quikr was used to make the predictions. The predictions were made using a variety of methods, including multiple linear regression analysis, Random forest regressor and Randomized search CV. The predictions are then analyzed and compared to determine which ones provide the best results. A seemingly simple problem turned out to be extremely difficult to solve accurately. All of the strategies yielded similar results. In the future, we want to make predictions using more advanced technologies. Ravi Shastri | Dr. A Rengarajan "Prediction of Car Price using Linear Regression" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42421.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/data-processing/42421/prediction-of-car-price-using-linear-regression/ravi-shastri
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
an application of analytic network process for evaluating public transport su...BME
For public transportation problem there are some analytic hierarchical processes for decision support, however there only very few applications which consider the interrelations between the public transport supply quality factors. Because representing the problem by the analytic network process is more similar to real situations where the factors act in a non hierarchical way. The paper aims to analyze the interrelation and the importance of relevant factors in public transportation systems by using the analytic network process, that support the decision makers to evaluate the impacts of different criteria in the final result.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithm with Road Accidents Data SetsDr. Amarjeet Singh
Beginning at now, street transport framework neglect to alter up to the exponential expansion in vehicular masses and to ascertaining the quickest driving courses and catastrophes inside observing differing traffic conditions is a critical issue right presently structures. To upset this issue is to explore the vehicle division dataset with bundle learning technique for finding the best street choice without calamity gauging by want aftereffects of best accuracy count by looking at oversaw AI figuring. In bits of information and AI, bundle strategies utilize diverse learning calculations to give indications of progress prudent execution. The assessment of dataset by facilitated AI technique (SMLT) to get two or three data takes after, factor perceiving proof, univariate evaluation, bivariate and multi-variate appraisal, missing worth medications and separate the information support, information cleaning/organizing and information perception will be done with everything taken into account given dataset. In addition, to look at and talk about the presentation of different AI figuring estimations from the given vehicle division dataset with assessment of GUI based street fiasco want by given attributes.
Study On Traffic Conlict At Unsignalized Intersection In Malaysia IOSR Journals
The research conducted is traffic conflict at unsignalized intersections . The purpose of this research
is to study accident data used as an identification of hazardous location leads to less accurate countermeasures.
It is because accidents are not always reported especially accident involving damage only and this situation can
reduce good comparative analysis. To overcome these lacks of accident data, many ways of employing nonaccident
data have been suggested. One of the ways using non-accident data is traffic conflicts, which is defined
as critical incidents not necessarily involving collisions. The traffic conflict technique was originally set up to
provide more reliable data and information of traffic problems at intersections which actually would replace the
unclear and incomplete recorded data accident. The conflict study was done at the selected unsignalized
intersection where types of traffic conflict can be identified and classified. Various road users involved in the
conflict at the unsignalized intersection were also observed. Then conflicts data captured were analyzed using
the computer program to observe for any conflicts at the intersections. The linear regression graph was used to
show the relationship between conflict and accident data where two different equations were derived from the
graph. This equation may be used to make a prediction for the relationship that might exist between those two
variables at another location.
ANALYSIS OF ROADWAY FATAL ACCIDENTS USING ENSEMBLE-BASED META-CLASSIFIERSijaia
In the past decades, a lot of effort has been put into roadway traffic safety. With the help of data mining, the analysis of roadway traffic data is much needed to understand the factors related to fatal accidents. This paper analyses Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) dataset using several data mining
algorithms. Here, we compare the performance of four meta-classifiers and four data-oriented techniques known for their ability to handle imbalanced datasets, entirely based on Random Forest classifier. Also, we study the effect of applying several feature selection algorithms including PSO, Cuckoo, Bat and Tabu on improving the accuracy and efficiency of classification. The empirical results show that the Threshold
selector meta-classifier combined with over-sampling techniques results were very satisfactory. In this regard, the proposed technique has gained a mean overall Accuracy of 91% and a Balanced Accuracy that varies between 96% to 99% using 7-15 features instead of 50 original features.
Analysis of Roadway Fatal Accidents using Ensemble-based Meta-Classifiersgerogepatton
In the past decades, a lot of effort has been put into roadway traffic safety. With the help of data mining,
the analysis of roadway traffic data is much needed to understand the factors related to fatal accidents.
This paper analyses Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) dataset using several data mining
algorithms. Here, we compare the performance of four meta-classifiers and four data-oriented techniques
known for their ability to handle imbalanced datasets, entirely based on Random Forest classifier. Also,
we study the effect of applying several feature selection algorithms including PSO, Cuckoo, Bat and Tabu
on improving the accuracy and efficiency of classification. The empirical results show that the Threshold
selector meta-classifier combined with over-sampling techniques results were very satisfactory. In this
regard, the proposed technique has gained a mean overall Accuracy of 91% and a Balanced Accuracy that
varies between 96% to 99% using 7-15 features instead of 50 original features.
Traffic accident analysis is mainly intended to investigate the causes of accidents by identifying hazardous locations and Accident Prone Locations of accident occurrences and to
analyze critically reasons attributing for the same so as to ensure road safety. Geographical Information System (GIS) technology has been a popular tool for visualization of accident data and analysis of hot spots in city as well as in highways. Accident analysis studies aims at the identification of high rate accident locations and safety deficient areas on the roads or streets. This paper presents a GIS based – Accident Analysis System developed for the Chennai city road network.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
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1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 6 Ver. II (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 105-114
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 105 | Page
Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
Mr.Yashas.S.R
1
, Mr.Harish.S.N
2
, Prof.H.R.Muralidhar
3
1
Student, 4
th
Year, Civil Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
2
Student, 4
th
Year, Civil Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan , Karnataka, India.
3
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Malnad college of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
Abstract: Humans prefer comfort in every form. The same reason has prompted him to lay the roads and invent
motor vehicles. This is the era we are seeing very huge number of vehicles on the roads. But to his dismay, with this
comfortless, there came the problem of accidents due to increase in traffic volume. The increased human misery and
serious economic loss caused by road accidents demand the attention of the society and call for the solution of this
problem. The causes for accidents are many. It may be either due to the fault of the driver or vehicular defect, tough
weather condition or due to improper road design and many more. Precisely, if accidents occur frequently at a
particular road stretch then, the location is coined as Black Spot. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
evaluate the effects of highway geometrics and speed parameters in increased accident rates at the black spot. The
black spot of our interest is Busthenahalli bypass (spot-A) on National Highway-48 between Bangalore and
Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The mixed traffic condition prevailing on the road and the inadequate geometric
conditions on field create the problem of increased accident rates. The regression equation for the condition
prevailing has been found for the location under consideration which represents the variation of accident rate with
age of the driver, rise and fall, pavement width, Stopping Sight Distance for operating speed and regulating speed and
Annual Daily Traffic(ADT).
Keywords - Accident rate, Black spot, Curve fitting, Geometric parameter, Regression analysis.
I. Introduction
The spectacular increase in number of motor vehicles on road has created a major social problem-the
loss of lives through road accidents. The appalling human misery and serious economic loss caused by road
accidents demand the attention of the society and call for the solution of the problem. A multi-disciplinary
approach is needed in understanding the problem and providing solution. Many features of highway affect the
safety of vehicle and other road user, which leads to accidents and the improvements that may be desired. Based
on the statistics, the traffic and highway engineer must devise ways to reduce accidents through better planning,
design, construction and maintenance of traffic operation with appropriate regulatory measures. The accident
situation is too more serious in India because of rapid growth of motor vehicles in the past few years and the
inadequacy of many of our roads and streets to cope up with this traffic. It is estimated that the number of
persons killed per 10,000 vehicles is 24.A recent Annual Accident Survey report of Hassan town highlights that
Busthenahalli bypass(spot-A) of Hassan District, Karnataka, India i.e., between Bangalore-Mangalore,
Karnataka as an accident-prone zone. The fatality rate of accidents are very much high over the years. The
mixed traffic conditions prevailing on road, inadequate geometric conditions and attention of maintaining
appropriate road geometric standards at the time of resurfacing maybe creating the problem in increasing
accident rates. Here, an attempt has been made to analyze the impact of highway geometries and vehicular
movement on the accident rate. The presently available geometric parameters are being compared with the
present traffic conditions. The geometric elements evaluated are compared with the past geometric details and
also with the geometric elements suggested by IRC. It gives an insight to the lapses in design for the existing
condition on the field. Introduction of the paper should explain the nature of the problem, previous work,
purpose, and the contribution of the paper. The contents of each section may be provided to understand easily
about the paper.
II. Methodology
The test stretch under consideration, the independent variables like geometric parameters, age of driver,
rise and fall, Annual Daily Traffic (ADT), SSD for operating speed, and SSD for regulating speed are evaluated.
The accident data are collected from the records of Hassan City Police Station, Karnataka, India. After having
the information individual relationship between accidents rates versus independent variables is established using
“IBM SPSS Statistics 19” software. The relationship obtained between accident rate and each independent
variable is nonlinear and they are initially linearized. Finally using all the variables multiple regression equation
Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
2. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 106 | Page
is developed and is presented. The validation of the model is carried out and tested for hypothesis to decide at
what confidence of interval this equation can be used in the field. The analysis of accident statistics provides
clues to the many factors that lead to the accidents and to improvements that may be desired. Accident data also
supply valuable information to control, to regulate and manage the traffic more efficiently. Hence, based on
these studies, the traffic engineer must devise ways to reduce accidents through better planning, design,
construction, maintenance, traffic operation with timely regulation and management of traffic to ensure safety
for the road users.
III. Statistical Alalysis And Results
3.1 Relationship between age of driver and accident severity.
The analysis is performed using the effective tool called Chi Square Test to compare the observed and
expected value of the parameter under consideration and also to suggest that relationship established will be use
full for prediction in future. The test helps in deciding the authenticity of observed and expected value. The
observed value here is the information collected through the police records where through the objected data
logic is derived and through logic, excepted values are evaluated.
TABLE I: Showing the Results Accident Rate Influencing the Age Group of Driver at Spot-A at 99.5%
Confidence Interval
Year (Ψ) 2
observed (ψ)2
tabled
2011 1.828 0.676
2012 1.740 0.676
2013 1.467 0.676
2014 0.527 0.676
The above results of table II helps in bringing the concurrency of expected and observed value. The
above procedure includes testing of proportions with contingency tables and evaluating of goodness of fit. If
chi-square observed is greater than Chi-Square expected, observed and expected values are in agreement. The
closer the agreement suggests the hypothesis agrees to that level of confidence interval.
Here (ψ)
2
Observed is greater than (ψ)
2
tabled at 99.5% confidence interval in most of the cases at the spot-A
and hence the hypothesis is true that accident severity is influencing the age of driver by applying a logic ratio
and proportion technique.
3.2 Spot Speed Analysis at spot-A.
TABLE II: Showing the showing data for spot speed analysis results
3. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 107 | Page
Fig. 1 Showing Variation of percentage of Cumulative Frequency with Mid Speed.
Following speed was obtained from the curve:
Design speed(98th percentile) 99.54 kmph
Upper speed limit(85th percentile) 83.83 kmph
Medium speed(50th percentile) 59.21 kmph
Lower speed limit (15th percentile) 43.65 kmph.
3.3 Regression model between accident rate and rise and fall.
TABLE III: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus rise at spot-a
Model
Equation Summary
R2
F
Linear
0.954 185.255
b0+b1x
Logarithmic
0.863 56.462
bolog(b1x)
Inverse
0.710 22.062
bo*e(xlnb
1
)
Quadratic
0.966 113.304
bo+b1*x+b2*x2
Cubic
0.989 204.949bo+b1*x+b2*x2
+b3*x3
Compound
0.784 32.732
b0(b1
x
)
Power
0.617 14.490
bo(xb1
)
Growth
0.784 32.732
b0ex
Exponential
0.784 32.732
b0eb1x
Logistic
1/(1+e-x
) 0.784 32.732
x=b0+b1x
4. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 108 | Page
From the model it is evident that the relationship between accident rate and rise is cubic in nature at
Spot-A. It may appear that accident rate is having a direct impact on rise. As the rise increases the resistance to
motion may increase and the tendency of the driver is to accelerate the vehicle. If the visibility problem is
accumulated in the above section accident rate may increase. As R
2
value calculated is closer to unity, rise may
have an impact in causing the accident in the location under consideration.
Fig. 2 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus Rise.
TABLE IV: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus fall at spot-A.
5. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 6 Ver. II (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 105-114
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 109 | Page
From the model it is evident that the relationship between accident rate and fall is quadratic in nature
at Spot-A. It may appear that accident rate is having a direct impact on fall. As the fall increases the resistance to
motion may increase and the tendency of the driver is to decelerate the vehicle. If the visibility problem is
accumulated in the above section accident rate may increase. As R
2
value calculated is closer to unity, fall may
have an impact in causing the accident in the location under consideration.
Fig. 3 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus Fall.
3.4 Regression model between accident rate and pavement width.
TABLE V: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus pavement width at spot-A.
Equation
Model Summary
R
2
F
Linear
0.586 26.859
b0+b1x
Inverse
0.635 33.075
bo*e
(xlnb )
1
Quadratic
0.631 15.380
bo+b1*x+b2*x
2
Cubic
0.631 15.380
bo+b1*x+b2*x
2
+b3*x
3
Compound
0.323 9.085
b0(b1
x
)
Power
0.346 10.071
bo(x
b1
)
6. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 110 | Page
The regression model developed between accident rate and pavement width evidently shows that the
relationship is inverse in nature at the test location. As the width increases accident rate will be increased. It
means increase in width increasing clear spacing of the vehicle thereby increasing the speed. Here the pavement
width variable is having a positive effect on accident rate. Further, the constant value suggests that pavement
width has insignificant effect on accident rate.
Fig. 4 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus Pavement width.
3.5 Regression model between accident rate and Annual Daily Traffic(ADT)
TABLE VI: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus ADT at spot A.
Equation Model Summary
R
2
F
Linear
0.997 7155.485
b0+b1x
Quadratic
0.998 3604.919
bo+b1*x+b2*x
2
Cubic
0.998 2287.0422 3
bo+b1*x+b2*x +b3*x
Compound
0.867 123.729
b0(b1
x
)
Power
0.999 15800.154
bo(x
b1
)
Logistic
1/(1+e
-x
) 0.867 123.729
x=b0+b1x
A regression model has been developed between accident rate and ADT which evidently suggests that
relationship follows power curve at the spot .From the model it appears that as ADT data value is less, accident
rate will be less. This may be due to the increase in ADT data decreases the space gap distance and the speed of
the vehicles travelling. Such non-uniform space gap distance and speed may lead to increase in accident at the
location under consideration.
7. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 111 | Page
Fig. 5 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus Pavement width.
3.6 Regression model between accident rate and Regulating Speed.
TABLE VIII: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus regulating speed at spot-A.
Equation Model Summary
R
2
F
Linear
0.997 7155.485
b0+b1x
Logarithmic
0.807 79.288
bolog(b1x)
Quadratic
0.998 3604.919
bo+b1*x+b2*x
2
Cubic
0.998 2287.0422 3
bo+b1*x+b2*x +b3*x
Compound
0.867 123.729
b0(b1
x
)
Power
0.992 2459.840
bo(x
b1
)
A regression model has been developed between accident rate and regulating and operating speed
which suggests that the relationship follows Quadratic nature at the test location. It means that the regulating
speed can reduce the accident rate when implemented.
8. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 112 | Page
Fig. 7 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus regulating speed.
3.7 Regression model between accident rate and SSD for Regulating Speed.
TABLE IX: Table showing regression models for accident rate versus SSD for regulating speed at spot-A.
Equation
Model Summary
R
2
F
Linear
0.973 689.583
b0+b1x
Quadratic
0.996 2238.635
bo+b1*x+b2*x
2
Cubic
0.997 2144.4812 3
bo+b1*x+b2*x +b3*x
Compound
0.940 299.022
b0(b1
x
)
Power
0.620 31.037
bo(x
b1
)
Exponential
0.940 299.022
b0e
b1x
9. Accident Analysis At The Black Spot: A Case Study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-1262105114 www.iosrjournals.org 113 | Page
Fig. 8 Showing Variation of Accident rate versus SSD for regulating speed.
IV. Multiple Regresion Model
In the previous article individual relationship between accident rate and each variable contributing for
accident are developed. In all the cases as the constant was varying which means that all the variables together
contributing to cause accidents. The above aspect has initiated to Use “IBM SPSS Statistics 19” software to
generate multiple linear regression models along with the results required for validation of the model in table.
The model so developed as validated sequentially as explained below.
The multiple linear regression models for relationship between accident rate (Y) and pavement width (x1), rise
and fall (x2), SSD for operating speed (x3), ADT data (x4) is:
Y = - 54.983 + 0.47 X1+ 3.113 X2+ 0.255 X3+ 0.026 X4
4.1 Evaluation of Coefficient of correlation (R
2
)
Using multiple linear regression models correlation co-efficient R
2
has been calculated which 0.998
for spot-A. Here R
2
is interpreted as the proportion of total variability. Since the model fits the data well, R
2
is
closer to unity which implies that observed data and estimated value through the equation are closer to each
other.
4.2 Evaluation of fitness of the data.
Even if data is well fitted, there may be violation of model assumption or model misspecification. To
determine, if there is any serious violation of model assumption, residual plot study is carried out using multiple
linear regression model. The standard residuals so calculated lies within + 2 to -2 there is no violation of model
assumption and there is no model misspecification.