NO MICROCONTROLLER is used in making of these autonomous robot, we have just used only the operational amplifier as a controller and achieved the bot.we have made 2 bots Line follower and light follower with simulations in proteus and hardware implementation of these bots. Also made a wireless light controlled bot using the same concepts.Hope this presentation will be much helpful for your mini projects. Do leave some comments. Thank u.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
This paper presents Grid Solver Bot which is a self-driven vehicle capable of localizing itself in a grid and planning a path between two nodes. It can avoid particular nodes and plan path between two allowed nodes. Breadth-first search & Dijkstra's Algorithm have been used for finding the path between two allowed nodes. The searching of a block over grid is easier when the rows and columns i.e. m* n of a grid is fixed. But when the grid is dynamic or changes over time than in such situation we require a generalized algorithm for traversing over a grid. In these paper we develop an approach for searching an object and also able to avoid an obstacle which was placed in a junction (meeting point of row and column). Here, we use different algorithms like Dijkistra’s, Best first search and A star algorithms. We develop an approach to find the block with minimum shortest path with the help of priority based algorithm. The vehicle is also capable of transferring blocks from one node to another. In fact, this vehicle is a prototype of a self-driven vehicle capable of transporting passengers and it can also be used in industries to transfer different items from one place to another.
Embedded Application : An Autonomous Robot or Line Follower BotEr. Raju Bhardwaj
This ppt describe the how to make a "Autonomous Robot" based on "Embedded Application". its also describe how to work on AVR Micro controller and software uses for it in sample and effective way.
we can make at home an autonomous robot or line following robot with the help of this ppt.
This paper presents Grid Solver Bot which is a self-driven vehicle capable of localizing itself in a grid and planning a path between two nodes. It can avoid particular nodes and plan path between two allowed nodes. Breadth-first search & Dijkstra's Algorithm have been used for finding the path between two allowed nodes. The searching of a block over grid is easier when the rows and columns i.e. m* n of a grid is fixed. But when the grid is dynamic or changes over time than in such situation we require a generalized algorithm for traversing over a grid. In these paper we develop an approach for searching an object and also able to avoid an obstacle which was placed in a junction (meeting point of row and column). Here, we use different algorithms like Dijkistra’s, Best first search and A star algorithms. We develop an approach to find the block with minimum shortest path with the help of priority based algorithm. The vehicle is also capable of transferring blocks from one node to another. In fact, this vehicle is a prototype of a self-driven vehicle capable of transporting passengers and it can also be used in industries to transfer different items from one place to another.
it covers topics Introduction
Classification of Logic Families
Important point
Level of Integration
Specification of Digital ICs
TTL Circuit
TTL NAND Gates
MOS/CMOS Circuits
CMOS NAND Gate
ECL Circuit
Comparison
Numbers of Digital ICs
Embedded systems and programming (including my work at Eyantra (IIT Bombay))AkashDeep Singh
This slide includes basics of embedded systems compiled by including ideas from various slides. Please download and watch the slides as they contain custom animations
it covers topics Introduction
Classification of Logic Families
Important point
Level of Integration
Specification of Digital ICs
TTL Circuit
TTL NAND Gates
MOS/CMOS Circuits
CMOS NAND Gate
ECL Circuit
Comparison
Numbers of Digital ICs
Embedded systems and programming (including my work at Eyantra (IIT Bombay))AkashDeep Singh
This slide includes basics of embedded systems compiled by including ideas from various slides. Please download and watch the slides as they contain custom animations
Line following is one of the most important aspects of Robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. The path can be visible like a black line on a white surface or it can be invisible like a magnetic field. It will move in a particular direction Specified by the user and avoids the obstacle which is coming in the path. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robot that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. It is an integrated design from the knowledge of Mechanical, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. LDR sensors based line follower robot design and Fabrication procedure which always direct along the black mark on the white surface. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC motors to control the movements of the wheels.
Micro controller based Traffic control systemRohit Kumar
This project deals with traffic system controlled by a microcontroller.
using IR controllers instead of using old timing circuits.
This system aims to provide much better and safer way of controlling Traffic signal system.
This system of controlling will help a lot in future.
Automatic street light circuit using ldrSmartxProKits
Automatic Street Light Circuit using LDR is presented here is based on the readily available LDR, comparator IC LM393 and relay. The LDR is used as the light intensity detector while IC LM393 used as comparator. In the absence of light, no light falls on the photo sensor. As a result photo sensor stop conducting and Street light glows. However, when light falls on the photo sensor photo sensor starts conducting and Street light stays off.
One of the greatest challenges engineers face is the safe operation of the existing civil infrastructure. Tunnels progressively deteriorate due to ageing ,environmental factors ,increased loading ,damages caused by the human/natural factors ,inadequate poor maintenance
Level sensitive scan design(LSSD) and Boundry scan(BS)Praveen Kumar
This presentation contains,
Introduction,design for testability, scan chain, operation, scan structure, test vectors, Boundry scan, test logic, operation, BS cell, states of TAP controller, Boundry scan instructions.
This ppt describes about,
introduction of fuses, construction, Important terms, advantages and disadvantages, desirable characteristics of fuse element, Current time characteristics, Fuse types - Low voltages fuses and High voltage fuses, Semi enclosed rewirable fuse, HRC cartridge fuses - parts, operation, pros and cons, High voltage fuses and its types, selection of fuses, discrimination
Introduction of SCADA, Architecture of SCADA, Software and hardware architecture, Components of a SCADA system, Functions of SCADA, Alarms and events, alarm logging, comparision between scada and DCS
SPICE LEVEL I/LEVEL II/LEVEL III AND BSIM MODELSPraveen Kumar
SPICE LEVEL I/LEVEL II/LEVEL III AND BSIM MODELS
SPICE introduction
working
adaptions
detailed discussion on each models
SPICE Modeling in BSIM
features
bulk voltage on large signal model
velocity saturation
weak inversion operation
impact ionization
Finite word length of IIR filters Limit cycles due to product round-off error...Praveen Kumar
Finite word length of IIR filters Limit cycles due to product round-off errors and other non-linear characteristics
Limit cycles due to round-off errors
infinite precision
round off
truncation
An Example
MATLAB Codes
Inference
Other non-linear Characteristics
Jump Phenomenon
Subharmonic Response
Effects of product round-off errors
SOLAR POWER generation using solar PV and Concentrated solar power technologyPraveen Kumar
Concentrated Solar Power Technology
Power Tower Systems
Parabolic Trough Systems
Solar Dish Systems
Compact Linear Fresnel
Types, working, pros &cons
Scope in INDIA
Using Photo-Voltaic cells
-Working of PV Cells
-Considering different PV materials
-Efficiency, Comparing modules manufactured by different companies
-MPPT
- algorithms
-A view of different inverter topologies used
pyrheliometer
SELECTION OF DRIVES AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR MACHINE TOOLS Praveen Kumar
SELECTION OF DRIVES AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR MACHINE TOOLS
Machine tools and drives
Horse power requirement for driving the machine tools
MOTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINE TOOLS.
SELECTION OF MOTORS
Speed control of Drill press
Application of Motors to Planers, Shapers
Reversible motor drive quick return mechanism
GRINDING MACHINES
VFD
Sorting
Performance parameters
Insertion Sort
Technique
Algorithm
Performance with examples
Applications
Example Program
Shell Sort
Technique
Algorithm
Performance with examples
Applications
Example Program
Vehicle safety system
it covers
hydraulic brakes
working of drum ,disk brakes
abs
airbags
ESP/ESC(electronic stability programme)
future trends in safety systems
cruise control
ACC
introduction, types & structure of MOSET ,turn ON and OFF of device, working, I-V characteristics of MOSFET,Different regions of operations,applications, adv & disadvantages
Interfacing GPS with 8051 and displaying the output data in NMEA format from the gps module to 8051 microcontroller and finally displaying the latitude and longitude information also the date and time in a LCD display.
REVERSE POWER RELAY for solar PV systemsPraveen Kumar
this presentation gives an idea about designing a device using microcontroller that detects the reverse power flow from solar pannels to the grid when the load is less.
Digital Voltmeter, Digital Ammeter and Digital MultimeterPraveen Kumar
This ppt deals with Digital meters,the digital components used in them,principle behind the working of Digital Voltmeter(DC) Digital Voltmeter(AC) and mechanism of Measurement of Current and Measurement of Resistance. Finally A complete DMM also the Measurement of hfe. A small project on constructing digital voltmeter and ohmmeter using Arduino.
Ventilating systems for electrical machinesPraveen Kumar
this presentation is about types of ventilation given to the electrical machines,an analysis for the best type,future improvements,and their importance in electrical machines
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
1. Autonomous bot
Done by,
C. Balaji 15E105
S. Deepak Arumugam 15E108
J. Karthickraja 15E117
S. Praveenkumar 15E137
Deepan 16E403
Y. Elangovan 16E501
2. Aim of this project:
• Any one who aims for a career in robotics would start
learning robotics with simple bots like Line follower,
Obstacle detector, Object follower, Light follower and there
are many other similar basic bots .
• Generally microcontrollers form the brain of these bots
which makes the construction of these bots easier but a bit
costlier.
• Our aim was to find an alternative and cheap way to
construct these bots.
3.
4. Line follower
• A line follower generally designed such that it follows a black
path drawn on a white board.
• These bots generally makes use of a pair of IR sensors each of
which are placed on either side of the bot.
• When IR radiation falls on a black surface it absorbs all the
radiation when it falls on a white surface it reflects back the
radiation which is sensed by the sensor
IR LED
IR
sensor
IR LED
IR
sensor
6. Obstacle detector
• An obstacle detector’s idea is to detect an object in its path
• An obstacle detector uses ultrasonic sensors to do this.
• An ultrasonic sensor sends out pulse of 40kHz frequency.
• This pulse gets reflected when it hits an object, the sensor
senses the reflected pulse.
• Based on the time between the transmission and reception,
the distance between the object and the bot is determined.
7. Light Follower
• In light follower, the bot has to a light beam.
• The bot uses a light dependant resistor for this purpose.
• When light rays fall on the LDR, the resistance becomes close
to zero.
• When no light falls on the LDR, the resistance becomes the
rated value.
8. Pro’s and con’s
Pro’s
• Simple design
• Low cost
• No coding knowledge is
required.
Con’s
• Limited only to simpler
paths ( e.g., the bot cannot
pass through loops).
9.
10. LM 324
• Low power Quad Op-Amp
• Internally frequency compensated.
• Bandwidth of 1MHz.
• Uses single as well as dual power supply.
• Low offset voltage, offset current, low input bias current.
17. Wireless light controlled bot using opamp
• The same circuit of light folower can be done in an wireless
manner if we use RF transmitter &receiver module along
with a decoder and encoder
• The components used are
• OP-amp ic (lm741)
• Transmitter (tws 434) and encoder (HT12E)
• Receiver (Rws 434) and decoder (HT12D)
• Motor driver(L293D)
• Geared dc motors
23. TRANSMITTER configuration
• In transmitter circuit the encoder pins D1 and D3 are
connected to output of opamp 1 and 2 respectively.
• And D2 and D4 are grounded
• This configuration restricts the operation of bot in reverse
direction.
• Serial data pin is connected to the transmitter pin
• Remaining connections are as per the diagram
25. Receiver configuration
• In receiver circuit the decoder pins two pins D1 and D2 are
connected to motor driver inputs IN1 and IN2 respectively.
• And D3 and D4 are connected to driver ic pins IN3 IN4
respectively.
• The motors are connected to the output of the ic’s.
• So finally the wireless control of your bot using op amps is
successfully done.