4. INTRODUCTION
The aim of the project is to make a robot which can follow a black
strip on a white floor. The Robot can be used in industries to carry
daily operation of carrying material from one place to another .In the
rescue operation. Thus the robot can act as a path guider. This
project consists of a Robot which follows a black line drawn on a
plain white surface. Whenever power supply on Robot is turned on,
the Robot starts following the Line. That is why it is Called Line
follower robot. This robot utilizes a array of Infrared transmitters
and receivers. Simple Line follower Robot can be built without
microcontroller. This robot utilizes a feedback mechanism. By this
we mean that whenever robot is turned on it immediately moves in a
forward direction. Then it reads the input from IR sensors. If robot is
on track then it continues to move in forward direction.
6. • Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. You can tinker with your UNO
without worrying too much about doing something
wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip
for a few dollars and start over again.
8. An infrared sensor is an electronic device,
that emits in order to sense some aspects of
the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure
the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. These types of sensors measure only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that
is called a passive IR sensor. Usually, in the
infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate
some form of thermal radiation.
10. Motor drivers acts as an interface between the
motors and the control circuits. Motor require
high amount of current whereas the controller
circuit works on low current signals. So the
function of motor drivers is to take a low-current
control signal and then turn it into a highe An
adjustable speed motor drive means a system that
includes a motor that has multiple operating
speeds. A variable speed motor drive is a system
that includes a motor and is continuously variable
in speed. r-current signal that can drive a motor.
12. A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper
wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical wire, or group of
them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end
(or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which
is normally used to interconnect the components of
a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components,
without soldering.[1]
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end
connectors" into the slots provided in a breadboard,
the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of
test equipment.
13. APPLICATIONS
• Industrial Applications: These robots can be used as
automated equipment carriers in industries replacing
traditional conveyer belts.
• Automobile applications: These robots can also be used
as automatic cars running on roads with embedded magnets
• .
• Domestic applications: These can also be used at homes for
domestic purposes like floor cleaning etc.
• Guidance applications: These can be used in public places like
shopping malls, museums etc to provide path guidance.
•
14. CONLUSION
The robot was finally running with a few glitches here and
therewhich were sorted in the later revisions of the
firmware. The line following robot still has a few
shortcomings but achieves most of the objectives. I earned
a lot of knowledge on micro-controllers, a deeper & clearer
view of the architecture, ports & all other functional blocks
was achieved. In end we created a circuit that enabled our
robot to follow line based on the light reflected off the
ground. The robot is capable of following the lines by
comparing light on either side of the different through this
project we have learned the basics of electronic circuits,
motors, sensors, comparators, basics of microcontroller and
installation programming into microcontroller.
