The document outlines requirements for a line following robot and discusses methods for line detection. It lists key requirements as being able to follow and take turns along a line, while being insensitive to lighting and noise. It also notes the line color does not matter as long as it is darker or lighter than the surroundings. The document further explains that infrared sensors produce analog outputs that need to be converted to digital signals, which can be done using analog to digital converters or comparators. It also provides an overview of features of the 8051 microcontroller, including memory, serial communication ports, timers, I/O pins, interrupts and clock speed.

1. BY:
POONAM NARANG
KULDEEP CHALANA
DEPT. OF PHYSICS
PANJAB UNIVERSITY
Chandigarh

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR A LINE FOLLOWER
The robot must be capable of following a line.
It should be capable of taking turns.
The robot must be insensitive to environmental factors
such as lighting and noise.
It must allow calibration of the line’s darkness threshold.
The color of the line must not be a factor as long as it is
darker or brighter than the surroundings.

8. The output from the IR Sensors module is analog.
The analog voltage can be Converted to digital (0 & 1)
by :
•ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS (ADC)
•COMPARATORS

19. Features of 8051
• RAM – 128 Bytes (Data memory)
• ROM – 4Kbytes (ROM signify the on – chip program space)
• Serial Port – Using UART makes it simpler to interface for serial
communication.
• Two 16 bit Timer/ Counter
• Input/output Pins – 4 Ports of 8 bits each on a single chip.
• 6 Interrupt Sources
• 8 – bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• Harvard Memory Architecture – It has 16 bit Address bus (each
of RAM and ROM) and 8 bit Data Bus.
• 8051 can execute 1 million one-cycle instructions per second with
a clock frequency of 12MHz.