Asepsis refers to measures taken to prevent infection from entering wounds. The main principle of asepsis is to prevent microorganisms from contacting wounds. This involves sterilizing all instruments and materials that touch wounds, cleaning surgeons' hands, and following specific procedures during operations. Asepsis aims to prevent transmission of microbes via airborne spread, direct contact, or implantation of foreign materials. Key aspects of asepsis include sterilizing equipment through steam, dry heat, chemicals or radiation; cleaning and preparing operating rooms and surgeons; and using sterile sutures, bandages and implants. Proper aseptic techniques are essential for preventing surgical site infections.

1. ASEPSIS
The measures to prevent an infection
from entering a wound
http://mbbshelp.com

2.  1890 г. On Х International Medical
Congress in Berlin Bergmann proclaim main
law of asepsis: everything which contacts
with the wound must be free from bacteria.
 Founders of asepsis: C. Schimmelbusch,
E. Bergmann, M.S.Subotin, P.I.Dyakonov.
http://mbbshelp.com

3. The main principle of asepsis
 Prevention of microorganisms contact with
the wound
 Everything that touches the wound must be
sterile
http://mbbshelp.com

4. Asepsis includes
-sterilization of instruments, materials, surgical
garb, equipment;
 cleaning the surgeon’s hands;
 Specific orders and procedures during
performing operations, investigations etc.
 Realization special and и organizational
measures in hospitals.
http://mbbshelp.com

5. Physical factors of asepsis
 high temperature
 radioactive emanation
 ultra-violet rays
 Ultrasound
 Different frequency current etc.
http://mbbshelp.com

6. Modes of transmission
 Airborne spread
 Direct contact
 Implantation
http://mbbshelp.com

7. Prevention of airborne spread
 Mask wearing
 Laminated sterile air in the operating theatre
http://mbbshelp.com

8. Prevention of microorganisms contact with
the wound (direct contact)
 Using sterile instruments, bandages and
suturing materials.
 Preparation of the surgeon's hands for
operation
 Cleaning the operative field
http://mbbshelp.com

9. Prevention of implantation
 Using sterile suturing materials, cordial
valves, vascular prosthesis, orthopedic
prosthesis, cosmetic prosthesis.
http://mbbshelp.com

10. Sterilization of instruments:
 dry heat sterilizer,
 steam sterilizer,
 gas sterilizer,
 boiling,
 antiseptic solutions
http://mbbshelp.com

11. dry heat sterilizer:
 during 60 minutes at 180ºC (instruments,
crockery)
http://mbbshelp.com

12. http://mbbshelp.com

13. http://mbbshelp.com

14. http://mbbshelp.com

15. steam sterilizer (autoclave):
 surgical instruments 20 minutes at 2
atmospheres (132ºC),
 plastic materials 45 minutes at 1,1
atmospheres (121,2 °С).
http://mbbshelp.com

16. http://mbbshelp.com

17. ultra-violet sterilizer
http://mbbshelp.com

18. Boiling:
 using if not centralized sterilization,
 sterilization of instruments, glass objects,
plastics, catheters, gloves
 distilled water + Na hydrogen carbonate (2
gr100ml H2O)
http://mbbshelp.com

19. Sterilization of dressing materials,
operating sheets:
 In steam sterilizer (autoclave): 30 minutes at
2 atmospheres (132ºC), 45 minutes at 1,5
atmospheres (127ºC)
http://mbbshelp.com

20. Chemical sterilization
 With solutions (carbolic acid, mercury
dichloride, ethyl alcohol, iodine solutions,
chlorine solutons, hydrogen peroxide etc)
 With gases (formalin steams, ethylene
oxide) – optical instruments, catheters etc.
http://mbbshelp.com

21. Control of sterility:
 direct methods (inoculation of medium with
a swab of dressing material, bacteriological
test) ,
 indirect methods (specific melting points –
benzoic acid 120ºC, antipyrin 110ºC).
http://mbbshelp.com

22. Sterilization of suturing materials:
 Chemical (solutions of iodine, ethylic
alcohol, diethyl ether, formalin)
 manufacturing gamma rays,
 ultraviolet rays,
 gas sterilization
http://mbbshelp.com

23. Surgeons hands preparation for
operation
http://mbbshelp.com

24. http://mbbshelp.com

25. Surgeons hands preparation for
operation:
 Spasokukotski- Kochergin method, for 3
minutes in two bowls with 0,5% ammonium
 C-4 solution,
 Chlorhexidine 0,5% solution (wash, drying,
2-3 min)
 “cerigel” fast method,
 Alphreld’s method (10 min wash, drying,
96% ethyl alcohol 5 min, nail bed 5% iodine
tincture)
http://mbbshelp.com

26. Cleaning the operative site:
 the day before – hygienic baths and change
underwear,
 before operation - shaving the place of
incision, cleaning with alcohol, covering with
sterile dressing
http://mbbshelp.com

27. Cleaning the operative field.
Grossich-Filonchikov method.
1. Immediately before the operation, on the operating
table, the operative field is smeared with 5% alcohol
solution of iodine.
2. The operation field itself is isolated with sterile
towels and again smeared with 5% alcohol solution
of iodine.
3. Before the cutting the operative field is smeared with
5% alcohol solution of iodine.
4. Before suturing, the skin is smeared with 5% alcohol
solution of iodine and repeated after the suturing.
http://mbbshelp.com

28. http://mbbshelp.com

29. Classification suturing materials:
Resolvable threads: catgut, collagen, dexan,
vicryl, oxylen
Non-resolvable: silk, capronum, lavsan,
dacron, metallic braces
http://mbbshelp.com

30. Sterilization of suturing materials
 They are sterilized with gamma rays (cold
sterilizatiion ) by manufactures.
 Suturing threads are disposable.
http://mbbshelp.com

31. Thank you for your attention
http://mbbshelp.com