Lydia Trainor Rider University Effects of vaping e-cigarettes on arterial health

1. EFFECTS OF VAPING ELECTRONIC
CIGARETTES ON ARTERIAL HEALTH
Lydia N. Trainor, PhD
CardieX Research Proposal

2. “Battery powered
atomizing/vaporizing
devices that deliver nicotine
contained in the e-liquid in
aerosolized and vaporized
forms for inhalation.”
Khosravi et al. (2018)
History:
2003 – Invented in China
2006 – American market
2016 – FDA Regulation
Cullen et al. (2018)

3. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE IS LIMITED
• Acute & subacute exposure of e-cig vapor in humans
•Previous tobacco cigarette smokers
• Chronic exposure in animal models
• Olfert et al. (2018)
•Examined the effects of 8 months of chronic exposure to e-
cigarette vapor on cardiovascular health of young mice
•E-cigarette vapor (n = 15), Cigarette smoke (n = 15), or Filtered
air (n = 15)
• Measurements were taken 3 time points – pre, 4.5 months, 8
months

4. Previous
Research
Animal
Model
Chronic exposure to e-cig vapor sig. ↑ arterial
stiffness & PWV in young mice.
(Olfert et al., 2018)

5. PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
Total N=19 Age (yrs.) Body Fat (%) Pods Vaped Months Vaped
NON (n=11) 22.1±3.2 15.8±8.4
STVAPE (n=5) 19.3±1.5 17.5±5.8 28.3±10.4 7.7±3.2
LTVAPE (n=3) 18.6±0.5 21.5±11.8 220.0±83.7 27.2±7.6
Table 1. Subject Demographics
*Preliminary data collection was terminated early due to the covid-19 pandemic.
Purpose: examine the impact of self-elicited nicotine containing e-cigarettes on AIx, AIx75, and
VO2peak in NON, STVAPE , and LTVAPE
• NON = never-smokers
• STVAPE = e-cigarette exclusive vapers, vaping for < 1 year
• LTVAPE = e-cigarette exclusive vapers, vaping for > 1 year

6. Relationship between AIx75 and VO2peak:
r = -.482, p < .05, CI = -0.768 - -0.035
PRELIMINARY DATA
Figure 1. Line graph depicting mean (± standard error) VO2peak and
weekly METS across groups.

7. WHAT WE LEARNED
• Vaping for ≤ 3 years did not cause measurable changes in arterial stiffness
• Long term outcomes are still unknown, future research should focus on the impacts
of vaping for > 3 years
• Negative, moderate significant relationship between aerobic fitness and arterial
stiffness
• The degree to which the subjects’ fitness levels impacted AIx is unknown
• NON achieved highest VO2peak and LT achieved lowest VO2peak
• Further research is necessary to understand chronic effects of vaping on vascular
health

8. PRIMARY AIMS
1. Examine if differences exist in vascular health of long-term (>36
months) e-cigarette users (LTVAPE) compared to never-smokers
(NON).
2. Analyze if changes in vascular health are independent of aerobic
fitness status in LTVAPE and NON.
Vascular health will be measured using pulse wave velocity,
subendocardial viability ratio, brachial blood pressure, central blood
pressure, augmentation index (AIx; AIx75), and augmentation pressure.

9. OVERALL POTENTIAL IMPACT
• Current a public health concern in young adults
• Increase scientific knowledge about unknown long-term
vascular impacts
• Pave a path for future research
• Support the development of evidenced based policies,
regulations, and educational efforts

10. REFERENCES
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• Ashor, A. W., Lara, J., Siervo, M., Celis-Morales, C., & Mathers, J. C. (2014). Effects of exercise modalities on arterial stiffness and wave reflection: A systematic
review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Plos One, 9(10), 1-15. doi:10.1371 /journal.pone.0110034
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, November 2). About electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/about-e-cigarettes.html
• Chaumont, M., de Becker, B., Zaher, W., Culie, A., Deprez, G., Melot, C., . . . van de Borne (2018). Differential effects of e-cigarette on microvascular
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• Olfert, I. M., DeVallance, E., Hoskinson, H., Branyan, K. W., Clayton, S., Pitzer, C. R., . . . Chantler, P. D. (2018). Chronic exposure to electronic cigarettes results
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• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024, March 20). Vaping, marijuana use in 2019 rose in college-age adults. National Institutes of Health.
https://nida.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/2020/09/vaping-marijuana-use-in-2019-rose-in-college-age-adults
• Vlachopoulos, C., Ioakeimidis, N., Abdelrasoul, M., Terentes-Printzios, D., Georgakopoulos, C., Pietri, P., Stefanadis, C., & Tousoulis, D. (2016). Electronic
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