Anatomy unit 2 nervous system brain dissection notes
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This document provides notes on dissecting the brain and identifying its main anatomical structures. It explains that the back of the brain is identified by the tail-like brain stem, while the front is the other end. The four main lobes are listed in order from front to back as frontal, parietal, occipital, and cerebellum, with the temporal lobe along the side. Key structures like the pituitary gland, corpus callosum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain are also identified.
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Head injuries can range from minor scalp lacerations to major traumatic brain injuries. The document outlines various types of head injuries including concussions, skull fractures, and intracranial lesions like epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, and intracerebral hematomas. It discusses mechanisms of injury, classifications, signs and symptoms, diagnostic studies, and management approaches including decreasing intracranial pressure and monitoring for complications.
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This document describes several techniques used to study the brain:
1. Electrical stimulation involves using electrodes to deliver electric currents to specific brain areas to stimulate them and observe behavioral responses, helping identify brain regions' functions. However, it is highly invasive.
2. Transcranial magnetic stimulation uses magnetic pulses through the skull to stimulate neurons near the surface, allowing non-invasive study of brain region functions. Long term effects are unclear.
3. Imaging techniques like CT scans, MRI, fMRI, PET scans provide information about brain structure and activity with varying levels of detail and invasiveness.
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This document provides an overview of different types of brain hemorrhages, including extra-axial hemorrhages such as epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages as well as intra-axial intracerebral hemorrhages. CT scans are used to initially diagnose hemorrhages by identifying hyperdense blood. Characteristics, locations, imaging appearances, and complications of each type of hemorrhage are described in detail. The document aims to inform clinicians on the basics and distinguishing features of various brain hemorrhages.
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The document discusses traumatic brain injury (TBI), providing details on:
1) TBI can be caused by closed or open head injuries from motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and other external impacts, and is a major cause of death and disability.
2) Common types of TBI include concussions, contusions, hematomas, hemorrhages, and diffuse axonal injury.
3) Symptoms can range from mild headaches to coma, and treatment depends on injury severity and may involve monitoring, CT scans, surgery, or life support measures to control swelling.
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CT is the most important imaging modality for evaluating head trauma. It can detect fractures, extra-axial hemorrhages such as epidural hematomas and subdural hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhages. Common primary traumatic brain injuries seen on CT include contusions, diffuse axonal injury characterized by small hemorrhages, and deep cerebral and brainstem injuries. MRI can provide additional details, especially in the subacute and chronic stages.
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Anatomy unit 2 nervous system brain dissection notes
- 2. (1) Finding the Front + Back • Back = Tail Hanging Off (Brain Stem) • Front = The Other End
- 3. (2) The Sequence Of The Lobes • Front to Straight Back: – Frontal – Parietal – Occipital – Cerebellum • Looking at the Side = Temporal • The “Tail” = Brain Stem
- 4. (3) Finding Temporal Structures • Pituitary Gland: Looks like a little nodule hanging off the center, bottom of the side. • Corpus Callosum: A thin line of tissue, usually lighter in color, right on the side of the exposed brain. • Thalamus + Hypothalamus: Area underneath corpus callosum.
- 5. (4) Finding Brain Stem Structures • Pons: Swollen bump, closest to rest of brain. • Medulla Oblongata: Portion closest to the end of “tail”. • Midbrain: In between the pons + medulla.
- 6. --Let’s Draw The Brain--
- 7. --Let’s Draw The Brain--