Brain practical
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This document outlines the major anatomical structures and features of the human brain. It lists regions such as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, and occipital lobe. It also identifies midbrain structures like the pons, medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Key sulci, fissures, nerves, and circulatory features are described, including the central sulcus, longitudinal fissure, cranial nerves, and choroid plexus. Diagrams label the positions of these structures and illustrate the organization of the brain and its ventricular system.
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1. The document describes a sheep brain dissection lab where students will compare the structures of the sheep and human brains.
2. The methods describe the materials used, including a scalpel, scissors, and forceps for carefully dissecting and examining a preserved sheep brain.
3. The results section will include labeled drawings of the identified brain structures on the sheep brain from the dissection.
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The document describes the dissection and labeling of various parts of a sheep brain. Key structures that were dissected and labeled include the olfactory bulb, optic nerve, optic chiasm, pons, medulla oblongata, longitudinal fissure, frontal lobe, cerebellum, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, infundibulum, corpus callosum, cerebrum, pia mater, thalamus, hypothalamus, arbor vitae, and septum pellucidum. The functions of the brain center on exerting centralized control over the body's organs and systems through patterns of muscle activity and hormone secretion.
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2. The methods describe the materials used, including a scalpel, scissors, and forceps for carefully dissecting and examining a preserved sheep brain.
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The document provides information about the anatomy and functions of the cerebellum. It can be summarized as follows:
1. The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is separated into two hemispheres and a median vermis. It has three lobes and three functional subdivisions that control balance, coordination of movements, and muscle tone.
2. The cerebellum connects to the brainstem via three cerebellar peduncles - superior, middle, and inferior - which carry afferent and efferent fibers. Deep within the cerebellum are four nuclei - dentate, globose, emboliformis, and fastigius.
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Here are some common cerebellar diseases and the functions that may be lost:
- Cerebellar ataxia - Loss of coordination, balance, and smooth movement. Symptoms include clumsy or unsteady gait, limb incoordination, and abnormal speech.
- Spinocerebellar ataxia - Progressive loss of coordination caused by degeneration of cerebellar neurons. Symptoms include gait ataxia, limb ataxia, dysarthria (speech problems), and problems with eye movements.
- Cerebellar tumors - Slow-growing tumors such as medulloblastoma can cause headaches, nausea, ataxia, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), and problems
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Cerebellum
This case describes a patient who suffered a cerebellar infarction after a motorcycle accident without a helmet. Some key points:
- Initial CT was normal but follow up CT showed a large left cerebellar infarction and obstructive hydrocephalus.
- He underwent an emergency suboccipital craniectomy and decompression which allowed for recovery.
- Now, 48 hours later, he is becoming progressively drowsy with vomiting.
My thoughts on what is happening and next steps:
1. He is likely experiencing increased intracranial pressure from edema and hydrocephalus related to the large cerebellar infarction.
2. I would obtain an emergent CT to re-evaluate for worsening
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The document provides detailed information about the anatomy of the cerebrum, including its lobes, sulci and gyri, functional areas, and white matter structures. It describes the borders and surfaces of the cerebrum, as well as the lateral ventricles and their parts. Key white matter structures discussed include the corpus callosum, corona radiata, internal capsule, and their arrangement of projection fibers.
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The Link for Youtube Video is given below,
https://youtu.be/wlZsOvpgjlM
please subscribe my YT channel
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The document describes the protective structures and major components of the human brain. It discusses the three meningeal layers (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater) that surround and protect the brain. It also describes the cerebral hemispheres and their four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital). Key structures and functions of the hemispheres are outlined such as the gray matter cortex, white matter, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia. The roles of the diencephalon, limbic system, brainstem, and cerebellum are summarized. Imaging techniques for studying the brain like CT scans and MRI are also mentioned.
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The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It is divided into four main parts: the outer, middle and inner ear, and the central auditory nervous system. Sound waves enter the outer ear and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate, transmitting this motion through the ossicles to the cochlea. This fluid motion stimulates hair cells in the cochlea, generating nerve impulses that travel to the brain via the auditory nerve. The brain then interprets these signals as sound.
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The human brain is divided into three main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thinking and reasoning. It is divided into four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance while the brain stem regulates basic functions vital for survival like breathing. The brain is protected by meninges and ventricles circulate cerebrospinal fluid. Key structures include the limbic system for emotions and memory and the hypothalamus which regulates hormones and homeostasis.
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The brain
The hippocampus is located deep in the brain and plays an important role in memory formation and spatial navigation. It is involved in fear conditioning and damage to the hippocampus has been linked to anxiety disorders like PTSD. The hippocampus contains anxiety cells that respond to unfamiliar places, and suppressing these cells reduces anxiety in mice. CBD may help reduce activity in the amygdala and aid signaling in the endocannabinoid system involving the hippocampus to help treat anxiety symptoms.
Anatomy Lab exercise 16
This document provides an overview of the structure and anatomy of the human brain. It describes the major lobes and regions of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Key structures are defined such as the gyri, sulci, and ventricles. The circulatory system of the brain including the arteries and circle of Willis is also summarized. Important concepts to know for the lab exam on brain anatomy are highlighted.
Central Nervous system CNS
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is protected by three layers of tissue called meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid. It contains four interconnected ventricles that produce cerebrospinal fluid. The brain is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain contains the cerebrum and limbic system. The cerebrum is made up of grey matter and white matter and is involved in voluntary movement and complex functions. The spinal cord carries signals between the brain and body and contains 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Brainstem pathway
The document discusses the anatomy and organization of the brainstem. It is divided into 3 sections - the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Each section contains nuclei that are involved in sensory and motor functions as well as autonomic processes like respiration. The brainstem also acts as a relay center, transmitting information between the brain and spinal cord via ascending and descending tracts. It produces vital automatic behaviors and modulates states of consciousness through structures like the reticular formation.
Chapter13 cns part1marieb
The document summarizes the major structures and organization of the brain. It discusses the four main subdivisions of the brain: the brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebral hemispheres. The brain stem includes the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The cerebellum is dorsal to the pons and coordinates movement. The diencephalon includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus. The cerebral hemispheres make up 83% of the brain and are responsible for higher functions like thought, memory, and language.
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This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the major parts of the brain and nervous system. It describes the main regions of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and more. It also discusses the protective coverings of the brain, blood supply, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, ventricles, and cranial nerves. Key functions such as motor control, sensory processing, language, and emotion are associated with different brain regions.
Bio 201 chapter 14 lecture
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the human brain and nervous system. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and more. It discusses the circulation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the brain and spinal cord. The document also outlines the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and their functions in sensation and motor control. Key areas of the cerebral cortex involved in sensory and motor functions are identified as well.
The human brain.pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the brain. It describes the main parts of the brain as the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is the largest part and is divided into four lobes that control functions like movement, sensation, vision, and language. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination and balance. The brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla, and controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate. Other parts discussed include the thalamus and hypothalamus, which regulate sensation and autonomic body processes respectively.
brain.ppsx
This document provides information about the parts of the brain and their development. It discusses the main divisions of the brain including the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. It describes the layers of the cerebral cortex as well as structures within the cerebrum like the basal ganglia. The document also covers the development of the central nervous system from the neural tube and discusses structures derived from the embryonic brain such as the midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum.
Development of the nervous system
The document summarizes the development of the nervous system from the ectoderm. Key points include:
1) The neural ectoderm differentiates into the central nervous system (neural tube), peripheral nervous system (neural crest cells), and cranial sensory ganglia.
2) Neurulation involves the thickening and folding of the neural plate to form the neural tube, which later divides into the brain and spinal cord.
3) The brain develops from the anterior part of the neural tube and forms ventricles while the spinal cord develops from the posterior part.
4) Common congenital anomalies can occur from incomplete closure of the neural tube, including anencephaly, spina bifida
Brain and pituitary tumours [Autosaved].pptx
This document provides an overview of brain and pituitary tumors. It begins with the anatomy and embryology of the brain and pituitary gland. Some key tumor types are gliomas (43% of primary brain tumors), meningiomas (18%), and schwanommas (8%). Clinical features include headaches, vomiting, and seizures. Diagnosis involves imaging like CT and MRI scans. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and managing increased intracranial pressure. Prognosis depends on factors like tumor type, location, and age. Brain tumors in children commonly occur in different locations than adults.
Brainstem
The brainstem is the posterior part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The midbrain is situated between the cerebrum and pons and connects the cerebrum to lower parts of the brain and spinal cord. The pons is below the midbrain and above the medulla; it contains nuclei that relay signals between the forebrain and cerebellum related to functions like sleep, respiration, and eye movement. The medulla is continuous with the spinal cord and contains nuclei that regulate involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Abnormalities in the brainstem can cause issues with vision, hearing, sensation
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the brain and pituitary gland
The document summarizes the normal radiological anatomy of the brain and pituitary gland as seen on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It describes the overall structure of the brain, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and four ventricles. It details the anatomy of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles. It then outlines the major lobes and gyri of the cerebral hemispheres, including important motor and sensory areas. The document concludes by reviewing sectional anatomy as seen on axial CT and MRI scans.
Nervous system terminal brain
This document discusses the structure and pathways of the brain and spinal cord. It begins by describing the lobes and functional areas of the cerebral cortex, including motor, sensory, auditory, visual, and language areas. It then discusses the ventricles, basal ganglia, commissural fibers, and limbic system. Finally, it classifies neural pathways as association, commissural, or projection pathways, with ascending pathways transmitting sensory information and descending pathways controlling movement.
Nervous system
The nervous system consists of neurons that connect the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary functions and processes sensory information. It is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that connect them. The peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves that connect to sensory receptors and muscles throughout the body.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Brain practical
- 2. Pons
- 6. Frontal lobe
- 10. cerebellum
- 12. Occipital lobe
- 14. Central sulcus towards the front of brain: precentral gyrus towards the back: postcentral gyrus
- 16. medulla
- 18. Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves
- 20. Optic tract
- 22. Optic nerve
- 24. Optic chiasm
- 26. Trigeminal nerve
- 28. Olfactory bulb
- 32. Olfactory tract
- 34. Mammillary body
- 38. thalamus
- 40. pineal
- 42. Fourth ventricle
- 46. Central canal
- 48. Interventricular foramen (of Munro)
- 50. Choroid plexus
- 52. hypothalamus
- 54. 1. Corpus callosum 2. Thalamus 3. Hypothalamus 4. Midbrain 5. Parietal lobe 6. Pineal body 7. Occipital lobe 8. Fourth ventricle 9. medulla
- 55. 1 2
- 56. 1. Superior colliculus 2. Inferior colliculus
- 58. Falx cerebri: dura mater formation between cerebral hemispheres Tentorium cerebelli: between cerebrum and cerebellum
- 66. 1. Interventricular foramen 2. Mamillary body 3. Optic nerve 4. Temporal lobe 5. Choroid plexus 6. Cerebral aqueduct 7. Crebellum 8. pons
- 68. 1. Frontal lobe 2. Temporal lobe 3. Pons 4. Cerebellum 5. Longitudinal fissure 6. Olfactory bulb 7. Optic chiasm 8. Vestibulocochlear nerve
- 70. 1. Olfactory tract 2. Temporal lobe 3. Optic tract 4. Trigeminal nerve 5. Optic nerve 6. Mamillary body 7. Pons 8. Medulla oblongata