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UNIT 3 NOTES:
Heart Anatomy
&
Basic Function
(1) Cardiac Tissues
• Outermost = Pericardium & Epicardium
– Pericardium is a membrane anchoring heart to
diaphragm and sternum
– Pericardium secretes lubricant (serous fluid)
– Epicardium is outermost muscle tissue

• Middle = Myocardium
– Contains contractile muscle fibers

• Innermost = Endocardium
– Lines Cardiac Chambers
(2) The Chambers
• Human heart has 4 chambers
– 2 Atria (1 on the left, 1 on the right)
• Superior Chambers = Primary Receiving Chambers
(do not actually pump)
• Blood flows into atria

– 2 Ventricles (1 on the left, 1 on the right)
• Inferior Chambers = Pump the Blood
• Contraction = blood sent out of heart + circulated

• Chambers are separated by septum
…To the rest
of the body
Deoxygenated
Blood

…To the
lungs
Oxygenated
Blood
(3) Pulmonary Circulation
•
•

Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood
Involves Right Side of Heart

•

Pathway:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Superior / Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium  Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Left Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
(4) Systemic Circulation
•
•

Systemic = Oxygenated Blood
Involves Left Side of Heart

•

Pathway:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Left Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium  Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle 
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta
All Other Tissues
(5) The Valves
•

The AV Valves:
– AV = atrioventricular = between the atrium and ventricles
– Tricuspid Valve
• Right Side
– Bicuspid / Mitral Valve

• Left Side
•

The Semilunar Valves:
– Semilunar = between the ventricles and arteries exiting the heart
– Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Right Side
• Exiting out the pulmonary artery going to the lungs.
– Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Left Side
• Exiting out the aorta going to working tissues.
(6)

The Valves & Heart Pumping

• When the heart is relaxed…
– Blood passively fills atrium
– Flows right past tricuspid / bicuspid valves
– Semilunar Valves remain shut

• When the heart contracts (pumps)…
– Tricuspid / Bicuspid valves swing up and shut
– Blood ejected out of ventricle
– Semilunar Valves open up

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Anatomy unit 3 cardio and respiratory systems heart anatomy notes

  • 1. UNIT 3 NOTES: Heart Anatomy & Basic Function
  • 2. (1) Cardiac Tissues • Outermost = Pericardium & Epicardium – Pericardium is a membrane anchoring heart to diaphragm and sternum – Pericardium secretes lubricant (serous fluid) – Epicardium is outermost muscle tissue • Middle = Myocardium – Contains contractile muscle fibers • Innermost = Endocardium – Lines Cardiac Chambers
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. (2) The Chambers • Human heart has 4 chambers – 2 Atria (1 on the left, 1 on the right) • Superior Chambers = Primary Receiving Chambers (do not actually pump) • Blood flows into atria – 2 Ventricles (1 on the left, 1 on the right) • Inferior Chambers = Pump the Blood • Contraction = blood sent out of heart + circulated • Chambers are separated by septum
  • 6.
  • 7. …To the rest of the body Deoxygenated Blood …To the lungs Oxygenated Blood
  • 8. (3) Pulmonary Circulation • • Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood Involves Right Side of Heart • Pathway: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava Right Atrium  Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Left Pulmonary Artery Lungs
  • 9.
  • 10. (4) Systemic Circulation • • Systemic = Oxygenated Blood Involves Left Side of Heart • Pathway: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Left Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium  Bicuspid Valve Left Ventricle  Aortic Semilunar Valve Aorta All Other Tissues
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. (5) The Valves • The AV Valves: – AV = atrioventricular = between the atrium and ventricles – Tricuspid Valve • Right Side – Bicuspid / Mitral Valve • Left Side • The Semilunar Valves: – Semilunar = between the ventricles and arteries exiting the heart – Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Right Side • Exiting out the pulmonary artery going to the lungs. – Aortic Semilunar Valve • Left Side • Exiting out the aorta going to working tissues.
  • 14.
  • 15. (6) The Valves & Heart Pumping • When the heart is relaxed… – Blood passively fills atrium – Flows right past tricuspid / bicuspid valves – Semilunar Valves remain shut • When the heart contracts (pumps)… – Tricuspid / Bicuspid valves swing up and shut – Blood ejected out of ventricle – Semilunar Valves open up