Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
This is a seminar presentation conducted by 4th year medical students under supervision of a lecturer. Reference were not attached here, but all information are from google, few textbooks and also from previous ENT posting's seminar.
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
This is a seminar presentation conducted by 4th year medical students under supervision of a lecturer. Reference were not attached here, but all information are from google, few textbooks and also from previous ENT posting's seminar.
Efficacy of Homeopathy in Easing the Pain of Tonsillitis.Welcome Cure LLP
Tonsillitis is the inflammation of tonsils caused by viral or bacterial infection and is one of the commonest diseases seen all over the world. As per statistics, about 11.76% of general population is currently suffering from tonsillitis and more cases are seen in children than adults. Homoeopathic treatment for tonsillitis utilizes minute doses of well-researched remedies to enhance the body’s natural healing process and offers complete recovery. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal
www.welcomecure.com,
Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete and detail information about tonsillits , that is the inflammation of the tonsils ,present in the oral cavity , disease of oral cavity contains introduction, definition, types, causes, risk factors,pathophysiology , treatment , medical management, nursing management, nurses role, patient teaching sign and symptoms , drug therapy, diet management,
Child health care PowerPoint have a lot of medical things about a child and disease that occur in pediatric ward. Such as disease like encephalopathy, meningitis, tonisltus, hydrocephalus.more over it also have a discussion about spina bifida and ancephalopathy.the reader is going to get alot of beneficial asnthis ppt is created by one of the practioner with a lot of work experience with pediatrics and who is mature enough
Rehabilitācija pēc totālas laringektomijasLinda Veidere
2015./2016.akad.gada LOR pulciņa 10.sēdes prezentācija "Rehabilitācija pēc totālas laringektomijas". Autore Jūlija Ivanova (RSU MF III kursa studente).
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF NASAL BONE FRACTURES IN ADULTS IN PAULS STRADINS ...Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Daigas Marnauzas, Marka Roņa, Lanas Mičko un Lindas Veideres ZPD "A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF NASAL BONE FRACTURES IN ADULTS IN PAULS STRADINS CLINICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Jānis Sokolovs.
MOST FREQUENT DIAGNOSIS FOR PATIENTS SEEKING OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC CARE DURING...Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Zanes Garseles, Edgara Girona un RSU studentes Elzas Apeinānes ZPD "MOST FREQUENT DIAGNOSIS FOR PATIENTS SEEKING OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC CARE DURING NIGHT TIME IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY AT PAULS STRADINS CLINICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FROM JULY 2015 UNTIL DECEMBER 2015". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītājs Dr.Gints Tomiņš.
UBJECTIVE FEELINGS DURING FLIGHTS AND HEARING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THEMLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Edžus Urtāna, Ritas Partojevas, Evitas Cimdiņas, Andas Rēderes, Sabīnes Rumpes, Aleksandras Šilovas ZPD "SUBJECTIVE FEELINGS DURING FLIGHTS AND HEARING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītājs Dr.Gints Tomiņš.
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA PATIENT DATABASE DEVELOPMENT AND APPROBATIONLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Liānas Džavadovas un Karīnas Jelagovas ZPD "CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA PATIENT DATABASE DEVELOPMENT AND APPROBATION". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Kitija Daina.
THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANALLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lindas Veideres, Andas Arbidānes, Ievas Grīnbergas, Aleksandras Borovikas, Janas Skrules, Matīsa Karantajera, Kristinas Karganovas, Anetes Gustas, Ievas Muižnieces, Danas Mičules, Jūlijas Ivanovas, Edgara Bobrova, Ilzes Leves, Dr.Sabīnes Attes ZPD "THE IMPACT OF COTTON SWAB USE ON THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Gunta Sumeraga.
EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Lanas Mičko, Marka Roņa, Daigas Marnauzas un Lindas Veideres ZPD "EVALUATION OF NASAL BONE FRACTURE IMAGING IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītājs Dr.Jānis Sokolovs.
DEEP NECK INFECTION: REVIEW OF 263 CASESLinda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieku Alises Adovičas, Lindas Veideres un Marka Roņa ZPD "DEEP NECK INFECTION: REVIEW OF 263 CASES". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāja Dr.Gunta Sumeraga. Iegūta 2.vieta RSU ISC 2016 plakātu sadaļā.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF VOICE THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH DYSPHONIA: ...Linda Veidere
LOR pulciņa dalībnieces Alises Adovičas ZPD "PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF VOICE THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS IN PATIENTS WITH DYSPHONIA: CASE SERIES". Prezentēts RSU ISC 2016. Darba vadītāji Dr.Dins Sumerags, Māra Lokenbaha. Iegūta 3.vieta RSU ISC 2016 case report sadaļā.
Bērnu infekciju slimību izraisītās izmaiņas žāvāLinda Veidere
2015./2016.akad.gada LOR pulciņa 10.sēdes prezentācija "Bērnu infekciju slimību izraisītās izmaiņas žāvā". Autore Alise Jakovļeva (RSU MF V kursa studente).
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. Waldeyer’s ring
• The lymphoid tissue surrounding opening into
respiratory and digestive systems forms a ring.
• The lateral part is formed by palatine tonsils and
tubal tonsils (around the auditory tube opening).
• The upper part is formed by pharyngeal tonsil
(on the roof of the nasopharynx).
• The lower part – lingual tonsil (on the posterior
1/3 of tongue)
4. Anatomy of Palatine Tonsils
Situated bilaterally in the
lateral wall of the
oropharynx in the
tonsillar recess bounded
by the palatoglossal fold
anteriorly and the
palatopharyngeal fold
posteriorly.
5. Anatomy of Palatine Tonsils
• Size: 10-15 mm transverse diameter, 20-25 mm
vertical diameter.
• Consists of two surfaces (medial and lateral) and
two poles (upper and lower)
• Medial surface is covered by non - keratinizing
stratified squamous epithelium
• There are 12-15 tonsillar crypts on the medial
surface that increase the surface area and the
efficiency of protection against pathogens
• Lateral surface is covered by fibrous capsule
6. Anatomy of Palatine Tonsils
• Upper pole extends
into soft palate and lower
pole is attached to
the tongue
• Total surface: 295 cm²
• Lymphatic drainage: lack
afferent lymphatic
vessels, only efferent
drainage → upper deep
cervical lymph nodes
(jugulodigastric group of
lymph nodes behind the
angle of mandible)
7. Functional Importance in the Immune
System
• Significant role in the defense against upper respiratory
infections.
• One of the MALT of the upper respiratory tract, which
has the ability to mount specific immune reactions in
response to antigens.
• Activity is pronounced during childhood, when
immunologic challenges from the environment induce
hyperplasia.
• ‘’Active phase’’ lasts until about 8 – 10 years of age.
• The lymphatic tonsillar tissue becomes less important as
an immune organ.
8. Functional Importance in the Immune
System
• While ‘’learning’’ their
immune function during
childhood, extreme
tonsillar hyperplasia may
develop (‘’kissing
tonsils’’). Can lead to
eating difficulties,
respiratory dysfunction,
apnea and cor
pulmonale.
Recommendation –
tonsillectomy.
9. Epidemiology of acute tonsillitis
• Affecting children between the ages of 5 and 15
years.
• Approximately 30% to 40% of tonsillitis cases in
children can be attributed to a bacterial cause.
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is the most
common bacterial pathogen causing tonsillitis.
10. Definition
• Synonym: streptococcal
angina
• Acute tonsillitis is the
infectious disease of the
whole organism with
clinical manifestation in
tonsils. The most
common place – palatine
tonsils, but also lingual,
pharyngeal tonsil can be
involved.
11. Etiology
• Generally caused by group A beta - haemolytic
streptococci (GABHS)
• Moraxella catarrhalis
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• S. pneumoniae
• Bacteroides
• E. Coli
• diphtheria, syphilis, Neisseria
• viruses (adenovirus, influenza A and B virus, Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV), parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, herpes simplex
virus)
13. Signs and symptoms
• high fever (38o
– 40o
C), may be associated with
chills and rigors
• severe pain on swallowing, which often radiates to
the ear (n.glossopharyngeus)
• swollen tonsillar lymph nodes (cervical adenopathy)
• muffling of speech due to oropharyngeal swelling
• dysphagia
• erythematous tonsils with exudates
• halitosis
14. Signs and symptoms
• general – headache, malaise, anorexia, abdominal
pain, pain in the back and limbs
• viral infections tend to have lower grade fevers and
less exudative tonsils
• not all signs and symptoms are present in every
patient
18. Classification of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute catarrhal/superficial – tonsillitis is a part
of generalized infection of the oropharyngeal
mucosa, mostly in viral infections.
19. Classification of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute follicular – infection spreads into the
crypts with purulent material, presenting at the
opening of crypts as yellow spots.
20. Classification of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute membranous – follows the stage of an
acute follicular tonsillitis where exudates
coalesce to form a membrane on the surface.
21. Classification of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute parenchymatous – the whole tonsil is
uniformly congested and swollen.
22. Classification of Acute Tonsillitis
Acute ulcerative – various
subtypes, ulceration can
be superficial or deep.
Vincent’s angina is a form
of ulcerative tonsillitis,
ulceration also occurs
secondary in syphilis and
in diphtheria.
23. Diagnosis
• Complaints and symptoms
• Examination of the throat
• Inflammatory parameters – leukocytosis, ESR
and CRP are elevated
• Bacteriological testing – rarely taken because
it takes 2 – 3 days to obtain a definitive result.
• Rapid immunoassay - can identify the
causative organism as a group A streptococcus
in 10 minutes.
24.
25. Treatment
• For streptococcal tonsillitis is a 10 – 14 day
course of penicillin V, amoxicillin + β
lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid).
• Macrolides or oral cephalosporin can be used
in patients allergic to penicillin.
• Analgesics for pain relief, antipyretics to
reduce fever (diclofenac, ibuprofen)
• Bed rest, hydration, oral hygiene
26. Complications
Local/regional
Recurrent tonsillitis (6 - 7
episodes in 1 year, 5 episodes per
year for 2 consecutive years, 3
episodes per year for 3
consecutive years)
Chronic tonsillitis (sore throat is
present for at least 3 months with
tonsillar inflammation)
Peritonsillar abscess (several
days after the onset of tonsillitis)
Parapharyngeal abscess
Retropharyngeal abscess
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Laryngitis
Bronchitis
27. Complications
Systemic
Sequel of streptococcal tonsillitis – rarely, a delayed type
antigen-antibody reaction can give rise to poststreptococcal
diseases:
acute glomerulonephritis (1 to 2 weeks after infection)
acute rheumatic fever (1 to 4 weeks)
rheumatic endocarditis
28. Clinical Case
A 5-year-old boy presented to his general
practitioner with a 36-h history of acute malaise,
shivering and vague pains in his legs. For 12h he
had complained of a dry, sore throat and had
vomited twice. He was febrile (temperature 40.2°C)
with a tachycardia of 140/min and tender, bilateral,
cervical lymphadenopathy. His pharynx, tonsils
and buccal mucosa were red and inflamed and his
tonsils were studded with white areas of exudate.
He was diagnosed as having acute bacterial
tonsillitis.
29. Clinical case
• He was treated with penicillin for 5 days. A throat
swab taken before starting antibiotics grew beta-
haemolytic streptococci (Group A). After 3 days
of treatment, his temperature had returned to
normal and he made an uneventful recovery.
• Haemolytic streptococcal infections illustrate an
important point about bacterial infection - that
immune defenses together with antibiotics cope
satisfactorily with most bacterial infections in
most people.
30. 1. Which clinical form of an acute tonsillitis is showed in
the picture?
a)Acute catarrhal/superficial
b)Acute follicular
c)Acute membranous
d)Acute parenchymatous
31. 1. Which form of an acute tonsillitis is showed in the
picture?
a)Acute catarrhal/superficial
b)Acute follicular
c)Acute membranous
d)Acute parenchymatous
32. 2. Which is the most common bacterial pathogen
causing tonsillitis?
33. 2. Which is the most common bacterial pathogen
causing tonsillitis?
Answer: group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
34. 3. Which one of these complications isn’t caused by
acute tonsillitis?
a)rheumatic endocarditis
b)laryngitis
c)agranulocytosis
d)retropharyngeal abscess
35. 3. Which one of these complications isn’t caused by
acute tonsillitis?
a)rheumatic endocarditis
b)laryngitis
c)agranulocytosis
d)retropharyngeal abscess
36. Sources
1. Basic Otorhinolaryngology A Step-by –Step- Learning Guide.
R.Probst, G.Grevers, H.Iro Themie 2006, p. 430
2. Otolaryngology : head & neck surgery : clinical reference guide.
Raza Pasha, Justin S. Golub. — 4th edition, 2014, p. 757
3. Otolaryngology: Basic Science and Clinical Review Authors: Van de
Water, Thomas R., Staecker, Hinrich Publisher: New York: Themie,
2006, eBook
4. http://the-family-doctor.com/the-family-doctor/t/tonsil.htm
5. http://www.uspharmacist.com/continuing_education/ceviewtest/
lessonid/109176/
6. http://epomedicine.com/medical-students/applied-anatomy-of-
palatine-tonsils/
7. http://www.immunologyclinic.com/case.asp?chap=02&case=3