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ACUTE TONSILLITIS 35.pptx ACUTE TONSILLITIS 35.pptx
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- 3. CONTENTS: • Tonsil • Anatomyof palatine Tonsil • Function of tonsils • Acute tonsilitis • Ateiology • Types • Symptoms and signs • Diagnosis • Management And Treatment • Complications • Differential diagnosis
- 4. INTRODUCTION: The tonsils area set of lymphoid organs facing into the aerodigestive tract, which is known as Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring and consists of: • adenoid tonsil (or pharyngeal tonsil) • two tubal tonsils • two palatine tonsils • the lingual tonsil
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- 6. Anatomy of PALATINE TONSILS Thepalatine tonsils, commonly referred to simply as the tonsils, form the lateral borders of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring. • They are located in the isthmus of fauces. • They are two avoid pink masses • 2-5 cm long, 2-0 cm in width, 1-2 cm in thickness
- 7. Anatomy of palatine tonsils: SURFACES •Medial • Lateral POLES • Upper • Lower PILLARS • Anterior • Posterior
- 8. MEDIAL SURFACE: • Containsinvaginations called as crypts • 12 -15 crypts • Largest crypt : CRYPTA MAGNA _ ventral part of second phrangeal pouch • nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium • Site of debris accumulation LATERAL SURFACE: • Fibrous capsule • Attached to loose arelor tissue
- 9. TONSILLAR BED: The tonsillar bed,also known as the tonsillar fossa or tonsillar sinus, is a space in the lateral wall of the oral cavity It is enclosed by two boundaries: • Anteriorly _ palatoglossal arch •Posteriorly _ palatopharyngeal arch The lateral wall contains many structure
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- 12. BLOOD SUPPLY OF TONSILS: Itis Majorly given by EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY which contributes by giving following branches: • Tonsillar branch of facial artery. This is the main artery. • Ascending pharyngeal artery from external carotid. • Ascending palatine, a branch of facial artery. • Dorsal linguae branches of lingual artery. • Descending palatine branch of maxillary artery
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- 14. VENOUS DRAINAGE: Paratonsillar veinwhich ultimate drains into common facial vein LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE: Upper deep cervical lymph nodes especially jugulodigastric lymph node NERVE SUPPLY: • Lesser palatine Branches of sphenopalatine ganglion • Glossopharyngeal nerve
- 15. Function of Tonsils: • Localimmunity mechanism: M cells, micropores in the crypts. • B CELLS and macrophages. • For chronic infections. • Surveillance mechanism: Alerts body for wider response by multiplying B cells. • A red light Indicating underlying Infection when it becomes swollen and red.
- 16. ACUTE TONSILLITIS Acute tonsillitis isinflammation of the tonsils in the upper throat that typically has a rapid onset. • Usually lasts for about 7 to 10 days, but the duration may vary • More common in children • Rare in infants and adults over 50 years of age
- 17. ATEIOLGY: It Is causedeither by viral or bacterial infection • VIRAL CAUSE: Viral infections, such as those from the adenovirus or Epstein Barr virus • BACTERIAL CAUSE: Hemolytic streptococcus is the most common cause Others may include staphylococci, pneumococci ,H influenza
- 19. TYPES of ACUTE TONSILLITIS: •ACUTE CATARRHAL • ACUTE FOLLICULAR • ACUTE PARENCHYMATOUS • ACUTE MEMBRANOUS
- 20. • ACUTE CATARRHALTONSILLITIS: Superficial tonsillitis Part of generalised pharyngitis; viral infection • ACUTE FOLLICULAR TONSILLITIS: Infection -> crypts -> purulent material Yellow spots at openings of crypts • ACUTE PARENCHYMATOUS TONSILLITIS: Tonsil substance; uniformly enlarged and red • AUTE MEMBRANOUS TONSILLITIS: Exudation from crypts -> membrane on the surface of tonsil
- 22. SYMPTOMS: • Sore throat •Difficulty in swallowing • Fever • Earache • Constitutiona l symptoms
- 23. SIGNS: • Foetid breath •Coated tongue • Red and swollen tonsils • Yellowish spots over tonsils • or whitish membrane over tonsils • Enlarged jugulodigastric lymph nodes
- 24. DIAGNOSIS: • Examination tosee signs • Throat swab test to know the cause _ throat culture • Monspot test • Blood Test _ for Epstein bar virus • Rapid antigen detection test
- 25. MANAGEMENT: The patient needsto be hospitalized if: • Immunocompromised • Systematically unwell • Dehydrated • Stridor • Respiratory distress • Peritonsillar abscess • Cellulitis
- 26. MANAGEMENT: The patient willbe treated according to cause and we will evaluate the cause on basis of: • Centor criteria • Fever pain score
- 28. TREATMENT: • Bed rest •Take plenty of rest • Plenty of fluids • Analgesic (aspirin or paracetamol) • Antimicrobial therapy ( penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin)
- 29. COMPLICATIONS: • Chronic tonsillitis •Peritonsillar abscess • Paraphrangeal abscess • Cervical abscess • ACUTE otitis media • Rheumatic fever • ACUTE glomerulonephritis • Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- 30. Differential diagnosis: • Membranous tonsillitis •Diphtheria • Vincent angina • Infectious mononucleosis • Agranulocytosis