1. A 10-year-old boy presents with high fever, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing for 4 days. His tonsils are inflamed and enlarged with white membranes.
2. Differential diagnoses include membranous tonsillitis, diphtheria, infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, and peritonsillar abscess.
3. Membranous tonsillitis is caused by pyogenic organisms forming an exudative membrane over the tonsils. Diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis can also present with white membranes over the tonsils.
UG CASE PRESENTATION ON INGUINAL HERNIAAyesha Huma
I have added viva notes after this proforma for quick revision of important stuff asked in exam.
LINK FOR EXAMINATION VIDOES :
1. https://youtu.be/uO-w_9w5okI
2. https://youtu.be/Vc_ZH_-Oad4
this is a case study on tonsillitis , this details about the diagnosis, management, treatment, patient counselling & pharmacist interventions , regarding medication etc , and also describes in detail about all aspects of tonsillitis .
please comment if you read this
thank u
25 Important Cases In Ear Nose Throat | SurgicoMed.comMukhdoom BaharAli
Case 1: A 10 year old child was having a right mucopurulent otorrhea for the last 4 years. A
week ago he became dizzy with a whirling sensation, nausea, vomiting and nystagmus to the
opposite side; his deafness became complete and his temperature was normal. Three days later
he became feverish, irritable and continuously crying apparently from severe headache. Also he
had some neck retraction. The child was not managed properly and died by the end of the week.
Proper Case Presentation for Dengue Fever, Prevention, Treatment and everything else. Prepared by Dr Zain Khan, Doctor at Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry
UG CASE PRESENTATION ON INGUINAL HERNIAAyesha Huma
I have added viva notes after this proforma for quick revision of important stuff asked in exam.
LINK FOR EXAMINATION VIDOES :
1. https://youtu.be/uO-w_9w5okI
2. https://youtu.be/Vc_ZH_-Oad4
this is a case study on tonsillitis , this details about the diagnosis, management, treatment, patient counselling & pharmacist interventions , regarding medication etc , and also describes in detail about all aspects of tonsillitis .
please comment if you read this
thank u
25 Important Cases In Ear Nose Throat | SurgicoMed.comMukhdoom BaharAli
Case 1: A 10 year old child was having a right mucopurulent otorrhea for the last 4 years. A
week ago he became dizzy with a whirling sensation, nausea, vomiting and nystagmus to the
opposite side; his deafness became complete and his temperature was normal. Three days later
he became feverish, irritable and continuously crying apparently from severe headache. Also he
had some neck retraction. The child was not managed properly and died by the end of the week.
Proper Case Presentation for Dengue Fever, Prevention, Treatment and everything else. Prepared by Dr Zain Khan, Doctor at Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry
Nasal Polyp Obstructing Your Health? Breathe Easy with Homeopathy!Welcome Cure LLP
Nasal Polyps are a common affection of the upper respiratory tract mainly seen as sac-like, soft growths or fleshy swellings in the inner lining of the nose and sinuses. They are more common in young and middle-aged adults and may appear single or in bunches . Homeopathy offers a more holistic approach to the treatment of the nasal polyps and prevents surgery. You can find more of such informative Power Point Presentations as well as other useful health information at www.welcomecure.com, the definitive online homeopathic treatment portal
www.welcomecure.com
Prenatal growth & development /diploma orthodontic course by indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Infection control in dental clinic and management of sterile and contaminated...Arun Mangalathu
Sterilization , Disinfection and management of Instruments in dental clinic, Lecture delivered by Dr Arun George for indian Dental Association ,Malanadu branch during dental Assistance training programme
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. CASE
SCENERIO• A 10year old boy comes to OPD with high
grade fever, sore throat and dysphagia to
solids for past 4 days.
• Mother informs that he had multiple similar
episodes in the past 2 years, always
alleviated by taking antibiotics.
• On examination tonsils were
inflamed, hypertrophied with whitish
membrane. Child looks toxic
though.
5. ANATOMY OF PALATINE
TONSILS
• Palatine Tonsil is an
ovoid mass of lymphoid
tissue situated in the
lateral wall of
oropharynx between
anterior and posterior
pillars
• It has Two surfaces –
Medial and Lateral, and
Two poles – Upper and
Lower
6. MEDIAL SURFACE
• Medial Surface is
covered by
nonkeratinizing stratified
squamous epithellium
which dips into the
substance of tonsils in
the form of crypts
• One of the crypts, situated near the
upper part of tonsils is very large and
deep and is called CRYPT OF MAGNA
7. LATERAL SURFACE
• It is covered by the
fibrous capsule of the
tonsil
• The tonsillar bed is
separated from the
capsule by loose
areolar tissue
• This makes it is easy to
dissect the tonsil from its
bed during tonsillectomy
• It is the site of collection
of pus in peritonsillar
abscess (quinsy)
8. POLES OF TONSILS
• UPPER POLE
– It extends into the soft
palate
– There is a semilunar
fold of mucous
membrane which
covers the medial part
of the upper pole
• LOWER POLE
– It is attached to the
tongue
– The lower pole is
separated from the
tongue by the
tonsillolingual sulcus
• This sulcus may
harbour carcinoma
12. FUNCTIONS OF TONSIL
• It has a protective function in that it
prevents entry of pathogens through the
nasal and oral route
• The crypts on the surface of the tonsil
serve to increase the surface area and
increase the efficiency of protection
against pathogens
• It forms a part of Waldeyer’s
lymphatic ring
17. MEMBRANE OVER TONSILS
MEMBRANOUS TONSILLITIS
DIPTHERIA
VINCENT ANGINA
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
LEUKEMIA
APHTHOUS ULCERS
MALIGNANCY TONSILS
TRAUMATIC ULCERS
CANDIDAL INFECTION OF TONSIL
18. MEMBRANOUS TONSILLITIS
• Occur due to pyogenic
organisms
• An exudative membrane
forms over the medial
surface of the tonsils
• Features of acute tonsillitis
19. DIPTHERIA
• Acute infection caused by
Corynebacterium
Diptheriae
• Formation of false
membrane which extends
beyond the tonsils on to the
soft palate and posterior
pharyngeal wall.
• Dirty gray in color, firmly attached to
mucosa.
• Cause bleeding when membrane is
removed
• Diphtheria is slower in onset with less
local discomfort
20. VINCENT ANGINA
• Insidious in onset with less fever and less
discomfort in throat
• Gray membrane forms usually over one
tonsils can be easily removed revealing an
irregular ulcer on the tonsil.
• Throat swab will show both
organisms typical of this disease, that
are:
• Fusiform Bacilli
• Spirochetes
21. INFECTIOUS
MONONUCLEOSIS
• Also called as glandular fever,
caused by epstein barr virus.
• Both tonsils are enlarged,
congested and covered with
mombrane.
• Lymph Node enlarged in the
posterior triangle of neck
along with speenomegaly
• Blood smear show more than 50%
lymphocytes, out of which 10% are atypical.
• White cell count is normal in first week but
rises in the second week
22. LEUKEMIA
• In children, 75% of leukemias
are acute lymphoblastic and
25% acute myelogenous or
chronic
• Peripheral blood shows
TLC>100,000/CU MM.
• It may be normal or less than
normal.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
• Ulcerative necrotic lesions
not only on the tonsils but
also in the oropharynx.
• Patient is severely ill.
• In acute form, total
leucocytic count is dec. to
<2000/cu mm
APHTHOUS ULCERS
• They may involve any part of
oral cavity or oropharynx
• Very painfull
• It is solitary & may involve
the tonsil and pillars
• May be small or large
MALIGNANCY TONSILS
• Oral or pharyngeal tumors
are the excessive growth
of cells in these regions.
• They may be benign or
malignant.
• Most oral/pharyngeal
tumors are malignant
24. QUINSY
• Also called as peritonsillar
abscess.
• It the collection of pus in the
peritonsillar space.
FEATURES:
• Dysphagia
• High grade fever
• Muffled and thick speech also
called HOT POTATO VOICE
• Trismus
• Swollen soft palate
• Uvula swollen and edematous.