Absolutism II
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Absolutism is a form of monarchy where the ruler exercises total control over the government and is not restricted by laws, assemblies, or churches. Absolute rulers claimed that their right to rule came from God. In France, Louis XIV strengthened the monarchy's power by building a strong army, persecuting Huguenots, and living an extravagant lifestyle funded by high taxes. His rule marked the peak of French absolutism. In England, conflicts between monarchs and Parliament led to civil war and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy over the king and creating a limited constitutional monarchy.
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The document provides an overview of the Age of Absolutism in Europe between the 16th-19th centuries. It summarizes the rise of absolute monarchies in Spain, France, England, and Russia during this period and their eventual downfalls. Key events included the defeat of the Spanish Armada weakening Spain's power, the English Civil War replacing the absolute British monarchy with a constitutional one, and the Russian Revolution overthrowing the Russian czar and establishing communism.
AP Euro_CH 16.1
This document discusses the rise of absolutism in 17th century France and Spain. It describes the economic and political crises of the period and how monarchs like Henry IV, Richelieu, Louis XIV, and Colbert centralized power in France. They curbed the nobility, grew the size of government bureaucracies and armies, revoked rights of religious dissent, and pursued mercantilist policies to rebuild their nations' strength. By the early 1700s, France had become the dominant power in Europe under Louis XIV, while Spain's empire had entered decline.
Ch.5 european absolutism
- Absolutism arose in Europe during a period when monarchs gained more power and ruled with absolute authority, justified by the Divine Right Theory that kings were chosen by God.
- Absolute monarchies had both strengths like efficiency and stability from one ruler, as well as weaknesses like being undemocratic and potentially violating individual rights.
- Major European absolute monarchies included Louis XIV's France, Phillip II's Spain during its Golden Age, and Peter the Great's modernizing rule in Russia from 1689-1725.
- England established a constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights that limited royal power and established a cabinet system headed by a Prime Minister.
Western europe c. 1450 1750
- Western Europe from 1450-1750 saw the rise of absolutism in countries like France, Spain, England, and the Netherlands. Absolute monarchs believed they ruled by divine right with unlimited power.
- In France, Cardinal Richelieu helped centralize power for King Louis XIII. Louis XIV later epitomized absolute rule, believing "I am the state." He moved the capital to Versailles to control nobles.
- In England, the Tudors brought stability after the War of the Roses. Elizabeth I established Protestantism and defeated the Spanish Armada, securing England. The Stuarts' divine right views led to conflicts and the English Civil War between Parliament and Charles I,
4 rise of nation states
Between 1400 and 1500, Europe transitioned from decentralized feudal systems to centralized nation-states. This was driven by several factors, including the rise of the middle class which weakened feudal lords, war between feudal lords that led to unified kingdoms, and the development of ideas around political states and divine rights of kings. Key events included the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella in 1469 which unified Spain, and the War of the Roses in England which ended in 1485 with the victory of Henry Tudor, establishing a strong centralized English nation-state. By 1500, several large European powers like France, Spain, and England had established themselves as nation-states with centralized governments and bureaucrac
Britishhistory2
1) In the 16th century, foreign trade was limited and new routes were sought following the Ottoman conquest blocking traditional overland routes to Asia, leading to the Age of Exploration.
2) Henry VIII established the Church of England independent of Rome and dissolved the monasteries, strengthening the monarchy and establishing a new Protestant dynasty.
3) The English Civil War in the 1640s resulted in Oliver Cromwell becoming Lord Protector after the monarch Charles I was deposed and executed for tyranny.
Pear deck ppt.pdf
One key takeaway is that during this period, many European monarchs consolidated their power and established absolute rule over their kingdoms, such as King Louis XIV in France and King Philip II in Spain. However, their attempts to expand their territories through extensive warfare left their nations weakened economically and politically by the end of the 17th century.
A changing time (Early Modern Age)
The document discusses several aspects of society and politics during the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern period in Europe. It describes how society was stratified but experienced some changes, with the nobility keeping privileges but subjected to real power and the peasants beginning to break free from feudal dependency. It also discusses the Hispanic Empire under kings such as Felipe II and Carlos I, including the territories it encompassed and internal and external conflicts they faced.
Chapter 14 Sec 2
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) involved most European powers and was fought primarily in Germany over religious and dynastic issues. It largely destroyed Germany and resulted in the Peace of Westphalia, which established that German states could determine their own religion and gained independence from the Holy Roman Empire. The war also marked the rise of France as the dominant power in Europe and the establishment of standing armies across the continent.
Absolutism in Europe
This document discusses absolutism in several European countries including France, Spain, and Russia. It provides details on:
- France transitioned to absolutism under King Henry IV in the 16th century and his minister Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the centralized authority of the monarchy. King Louis XIV further consolidated power under the doctrine of the divine right of kings.
- In Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored Columbus and wealth from American colonies initially strengthened the monarchy, but decline set in later due to revolts, bankruptcy, and economic problems.
- Absolute rule was also implemented in other countries like Russia, Austria, and Prussia through unrestrained monarchical power over laws and citizens.
Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch.
2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury.
3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Europe After Napoleon
The document summarizes the period of 1815-1848 in Europe known as the Restoration. Major powers sought to restore pre-revolutionary monarchies and balance power through alliances like the Holy Alliance and Quadruple/Quintuple Alliance. However, liberal and nationalist ideas inspired revolutions seeking constitutions and more rights. The Congress system intervened to suppress revolutions in Spain, France, Greece, Portugal, and Belgium. France had multiple changes in regime from constitutional to ultra-royalist rule. Britain avoided revolution through parliamentary democracy, legal reforms, and expanding suffrage.
Powerpoint History Project
Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin strengthened the French monarchy and reduced the power of the nobility and Huguenots under Kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV. Richelieu reformed France by weakening internal threats and centralizing power under the king. Mazarin continued Richelieu's policies and faced a rebellion from nobles seeking to regain power, called the Fronde, which eventually failed. Louis XIV further consolidated power by revoking rights of Huguenots, building the grand palace at Versailles, and pursuing expansionary foreign policies, establishing France as a dominant European power.
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Geography of Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography of Africa. It notes that Africa is the second largest continent, covering around 11.7 million square miles. Key geographical features discussed include the Sahara Desert, which covers about 1/3 of the continent; savannas, which make up 50% of Africa and contain most wildlife; and plateaus, which cover Africa's interior. Major rivers like the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi are also mentioned. The document provides details on the Victoria Falls and the Great Rift Valley.
Ancient American Pre-Columbian Civilization
The document summarizes three major pre-Columbian civilizations: the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. It provides details on the location, religion, achievements, and possible reasons for decline for each civilization. The Mayans inhabited northern Central America and had a sophisticated writing system and calendar. The Aztecs ruled central Mexico from their capital of Tenochtitlan and practiced human sacrifice. The Incas built an extensive road system and impressive stone structures in the Andes Mountains. All three civilizations declined following the arrival of European explorers and colonizers like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro.
Early People
The document discusses early human history from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Revolution. [1] The first humans originated in Africa over 2 million years ago during the Paleolithic Age. [2] Paleolithic people were nomadic hunter-gatherers who moved to find food and developed simple tools and weapons. [3] They began developing language, clothing, and spiritual beliefs that included burying the dead with items. [4] One of the earliest known human skeletons was discovered in Africa. [5] During the Neolithic Revolution, humans began settling and farming, leading to cultural diffusion as people migrated across land bridges and by boat.
Features Of Civilization Computer Activity
The document provides instructions for an activity where students will view Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts in a slideshow and identify which features of civilization each artifact exemplifies. It then lists several Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts, providing a brief description and image of each.
Eight Features Of Civ
The document discusses some key features that emerged with the rise of early civilizations along river valleys approximately 5,000 years ago. Cities developed as farmers produced surplus food, leading to larger populations. Central governments formed to ensure food supply and protection, using bureaucratic systems. Rulers also commissioned public works like roads, bridges, and walls. Religion grew more complex with polytheistic beliefs and temple construction. Writing systems were invented to keep records for tasks like taxation and grain storage. Work became specialized rather than general, and social classes developed based on occupations. Art and architecture reflected cultural beliefs and values through religious buildings and governmental displays of strength.
Prehistory
Archaeologists study the lifestyles of prehistoric peoples by excavating artifacts from sites dating before 5000 years ago. Anthropologists examine human cultures through social structures and customs. Paleontologists analyze fossils found in rocks to understand early life forms. Primary sources of information include original documents and objects from the time period, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources from further removed perspectives such as publications and commentaries.
Exploration 2
The document summarizes European exploration between the 15th and 17th centuries as they searched for new trade routes to Asia and its spices. The Portuguese first established coastal trading ports in Africa and India to control the spice trade. The Dutch later set up ports around the world using their naval power. English ships began carrying limes to prevent scurvy on long voyages. Spain funded Columbus' voyage west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but he landed in the Americas instead. This led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas, profoundly impacting global populations. Other conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro then conquered the Aztec and Inca empires,
Exploration 1
European exploration between 1400-1700 CE was driven by several key factors: the questioning spirit of the Renaissance; the search for a better trade route to Asia to access spices at cheaper prices by cutting out Muslim and Italian middlemen; the desire of Christian missionaries to spread Christianity; and technological improvements like Guttenberg's printing press and advances in navigation that enabled more ambitious voyages.
Spread Of Protestant Reformation
The document summarizes the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It discusses the more radical Anabaptist sect that rejected infant baptism and private property. It then covers the English Reformation under King Henry VIII who broke with the Catholic Church to create the Church of England and had those who refused executed, including Sir Thomas More. Upon Henry's death, his son Edward VI further Protestantized England while his daughter Mary I tried to restore Catholicism and burned hundreds of Protestants. Elizabeth I's settlement compromised between the two faiths.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was an attempt in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther wanted to restore faith in the church and questioned the corruption and power of Catholic Church leaders. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches.
Scientific Revolution
The document summarizes key figures and developments during the Scientific Revolution. It discusses how Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, contradicting the geocentric model. Galileo later confirmed Copernicus' theory using a telescope, though the Catholic Church condemned his findings. Isaac Newton then built upon these ideas by formulating the law of universal gravitation and laws of motion. Overall, the Scientific Revolution involved questioning prior beliefs and relying on experimentation and reasoning to better understand the natural world.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century as a period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Wealthy Italian merchants became patrons of the arts, supporting artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. Their works expanded on classical Greek and Roman styles and emphasized principles like humanism and realistic perspective. The Renaissance spread north over the next hundred years, influencing regions like Germany and the Netherlands.
Middle Ages Review Jeopardy
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Japan
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The Early Midle Ages
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Mongols
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2. Genghis Khan and his descendants used innovative military tactics and technology to build a vast empire stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia by the late 13th century.
3. The Mongol Empire promoted trade and stability along the Silk Road during this period but decline set in after the death of later khans due to the empire's vast size and diversity.
The Black Death
The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, killed 25 million people between 1347 and 1352 AD in Europe. Symptoms included headaches, fever, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. It spread through trade and armies and was transmitted between people. The plague had widespread effects on European civilization, including increased anti-Semitism, economic problems, social unrest and upheaval in the church. Art and music from this period reflected the grim reality of the plague through works like "The Dance of Death". The plague did not discriminate and killed people from all social classes.
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Absolutism II
- 1. What is absolutism ?
- 5. Absolutism in France Multi Flow Map Intendants who collected _______ were ____________ Built strongest _______ in Europe __________ lifestyle Persecution of __________ LOUIS XIV’s IN FRANCE Strengthened _____________from support of ________ ___________ _______ were costly & disrupted _______ ___ _________in Europe ______________ decline ______________ fled which _________ economy taxes army Middle class Huguenots Extravagant Middle class monarchy Economic Of power balance Wars Huguenots hurt
- 18. Henry IV’s Tomb - He was assassinated in 1610
- 26. From 1485 -1603 England was ruled by the Tudor dynasty 1603- Elizabeth I dies without an heir.
- 27. Stuart dynasty of Scotland takes the crown. James I believes in divine right and clashes with Parliament.
- 28. 1625- Charles I inherits throne and behaves like an absolute monarch In 1653- Parliament declared it could not be dissolved without its consent.
- 29. Charles led troops to arrest leaders, but they escaped and mounted their own army The English Civil War lasts 7 years. Cavaliers supported king. Roundheads supported Parliament. Cavalier Roundhead
- 31. 1647- Parliament wins. Charles is executed. Oliver Cromwell leads the republic or Commonwealth Strict Puritan ways were enforced. The English people grew tired of this.
- 32. 1648- Cromwell dies. Parliament invited Charles II to be king.