Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
•Download as PPT, PDF•
3 likes•40,516 views
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch. 2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury. 3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Philip II ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Age of exploration and isolation
Beginning in the late 1400s, Spain built a vast American empire through conquest and colonization. Key events included Hernan Cortes' defeat of the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521 and Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru in the 1530s. Disease brought by Europeans devastated native populations. Spain imposed its culture and extracted wealth, particularly silver and gold, through the encomienda system which abused native laborers. By the mid-1500s Spain had established colonies across Latin America and parts of North America, becoming the richest and most powerful nation through its American territories.
The Crusades[1]
The document provides background information on the Crusades:
Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in the 11th century to retake the Holy Lands from the Seljuk Turks. He hoped this would unite Christianity and increase the power and prestige of the Church. Thousands answered the call for religious and political reasons. The Crusades had mixed success in retaking lands but ultimately failed in their goal. They led to increased trade and the rise of stronger centralized monarchies in Europe.
21 1 spain’s empire and european absolutism
During a time of religious and economic instability in 16th century Spain, Philip II ruled with a strong hand and expanded Spain's vast empire through war and conquest. However, rising taxes and inflation weakened Spain's economy over time. The Dutch Revolt resulted in the independence of the Netherlands, and the Dutch Republic became a prosperous trading power while practicing religious tolerance. Meanwhile, other European monarchs asserted more absolute control over their kingdoms in response to crises and challenges to their authority in the 17th century.
Byzantine empire
The document provides an overview of the origins and history of the Byzantine Empire. It begins by explaining how Constantine established Constantinople as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 4th century CE. It then discusses key figures like Justinian and military campaigns that expanded the empire's reach before eventually declining due to invasions and loss of territory. The document also summarizes the development of Kievan Rus' and how it was influenced by interactions with Scandinavians and later conversion to Orthodox Christianity influenced by the Byzantine Empire.
Absolutism and revolution
This document provides an overview of absolutism in Europe between the 1400s and 1700s. It discusses how absolute monarchs consolidated power by claiming divine right to rule without limits and centralized control over society. Specific sections cover the growth of absolutism in Spain under the Hapsburgs, the reign of Louis XIV in France and his centralization of power, the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the limits placed on English monarchs by Parliament. Absolute rulers like Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great also expanded Russian territory and reformed society along more Western lines.
Rise of Russia
This document contains critical review questions about the rise of Russia and absolute rule. It discusses how the Mongol rule of Russia contributed to its lag behind the West. It also examines Catherine the Great's similarities to Peter the Great in westernizing and modernizing Russia. Additionally, it addresses how the expansion of serfdom provided benefits to the Russian government while exploiting peasants.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was an attempt in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther wanted to restore faith in the church and questioned the corruption and power of Catholic Church leaders. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches.
Chapter 24
The document discusses European imperialism in various regions of the world between 1800-1914. It covers the causes and successes of European imperialism, different forms of imperial rule over colonies, and European expansion and challenges to specific regions like Africa, the Muslim world, and Iran. Key events discussed include the Berlin Conference that partitioned Africa, Muhammad Ali's modernization of Egypt, and European powers establishing spheres of influence in Iran.
Recommended
Age of exploration and isolation
Beginning in the late 1400s, Spain built a vast American empire through conquest and colonization. Key events included Hernan Cortes' defeat of the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521 and Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Inca Empire in Peru in the 1530s. Disease brought by Europeans devastated native populations. Spain imposed its culture and extracted wealth, particularly silver and gold, through the encomienda system which abused native laborers. By the mid-1500s Spain had established colonies across Latin America and parts of North America, becoming the richest and most powerful nation through its American territories.
The Crusades[1]
The document provides background information on the Crusades:
Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in the 11th century to retake the Holy Lands from the Seljuk Turks. He hoped this would unite Christianity and increase the power and prestige of the Church. Thousands answered the call for religious and political reasons. The Crusades had mixed success in retaking lands but ultimately failed in their goal. They led to increased trade and the rise of stronger centralized monarchies in Europe.
21 1 spain’s empire and european absolutism
During a time of religious and economic instability in 16th century Spain, Philip II ruled with a strong hand and expanded Spain's vast empire through war and conquest. However, rising taxes and inflation weakened Spain's economy over time. The Dutch Revolt resulted in the independence of the Netherlands, and the Dutch Republic became a prosperous trading power while practicing religious tolerance. Meanwhile, other European monarchs asserted more absolute control over their kingdoms in response to crises and challenges to their authority in the 17th century.
Byzantine empire
The document provides an overview of the origins and history of the Byzantine Empire. It begins by explaining how Constantine established Constantinople as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in the 4th century CE. It then discusses key figures like Justinian and military campaigns that expanded the empire's reach before eventually declining due to invasions and loss of territory. The document also summarizes the development of Kievan Rus' and how it was influenced by interactions with Scandinavians and later conversion to Orthodox Christianity influenced by the Byzantine Empire.
Absolutism and revolution
This document provides an overview of absolutism in Europe between the 1400s and 1700s. It discusses how absolute monarchs consolidated power by claiming divine right to rule without limits and centralized control over society. Specific sections cover the growth of absolutism in Spain under the Hapsburgs, the reign of Louis XIV in France and his centralization of power, the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the limits placed on English monarchs by Parliament. Absolute rulers like Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great also expanded Russian territory and reformed society along more Western lines.
Rise of Russia
This document contains critical review questions about the rise of Russia and absolute rule. It discusses how the Mongol rule of Russia contributed to its lag behind the West. It also examines Catherine the Great's similarities to Peter the Great in westernizing and modernizing Russia. Additionally, it addresses how the expansion of serfdom provided benefits to the Russian government while exploiting peasants.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was an attempt in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther wanted to restore faith in the church and questioned the corruption and power of Catholic Church leaders. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches.
Chapter 24
The document discusses European imperialism in various regions of the world between 1800-1914. It covers the causes and successes of European imperialism, different forms of imperial rule over colonies, and European expansion and challenges to specific regions like Africa, the Muslim world, and Iran. Key events discussed include the Berlin Conference that partitioned Africa, Muhammad Ali's modernization of Egypt, and European powers establishing spheres of influence in Iran.
22.2 the enlightenment in europe
The document summarizes key thinkers and ideas during the Enlightenment period in Europe. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of strong central government and absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and that government's power comes from the consent of the people. Other thinkers mentioned include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelley, along with some of their central beliefs and contributions to political philosophy and society.
(16.5) absolutism absolute monarchy in russia
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened and expanded Russia through modernization and territorial gains. Peter centralized power, westernized Russia through force, improved the military, and gained land through war. Catherine embraced Enlightenment ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland. Both rulers expanded Russia significantly through autocratic rule.
Rome: Republic and Empire
Describe Rome from Republic to Empire, includng philosophy, literture, history, technology, and architecture
Athens & Sparta
Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece. Athens was a center of wisdom and learning, known for its intellectual pursuits in arts and music. Sparta focused on military strength and service to the state. Athens emerged as a sovereign city-state in the 9th century BC due to its central location and access to the sea. It developed into a democracy in 594 BC under Solon and entered a golden age. Boys received education until age 14-18 and military training, while girls' education focused on domestic tasks. Athens and Sparta differed greatly in their social structures and values but both became dominant powers in Ancient Greece.
Imperialism in China
The document summarizes China from 1750-1900, a time of crisis. It describes:
1. China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty and was largely self-sufficient agriculturally, but faced internal problems like corruption and opium addiction.
2. Contact with Western powers like Britain increased due to trade imbalances, leading Britain to smuggle opium into China. This caused social issues in China and tensions with Western powers.
3. Conflict came to a head in the Opium Wars, where Britain defeated China militarily and imposed unequal treaties, marking a turning point as Western influence grew in China.
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutism
Louis XIV is the quintessential absolute monarch. The presentation provides students with an example of how to write a proper 5 paragraph essay, complete with a thesis statement, topic sentences, and strong supporting evidence.
Revolutions of 1830 1848
The document discusses the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in France and how they inspired revolts across Europe. In 1830, the July Revolution overthrew King Charles X of the House of Bourbon and replaced him with Louis-Philippe. The 1848 Revolution removed Louis-Philippe and established the Second Republic with universal male suffrage. Louis Napoleon later became emperor as Napoleon III. While some uprisings succeeded temporarily, like in Belgium gaining independence, most failed due to a lack of widespread support and were crushed by military force.
Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was the last imperial dynasty of China, established by the Manchus. The Qing conquered China and expanded its territory, but faced internal rebellions like the Taiping Rebellion and external threats from European imperialism. The Opium Wars weakened China and led to unequal treaties. By the late 1800s, China was divided into foreign spheres of influence and faced domestic calls for reform as the Qing struggled to modernize and strengthen China in the face of Western encroachment.
Timeline of the War of Austrian Succession
The War of Austrian Succession was sparked in 1740 when Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI as ruler of the Hapsburg empire, despite the Pragmatic Sanction that ensured her succession. Frederick II of Prussia invaded and took the wealthy territory of Silesia from Austria, starting the war. Over the following years, various European powers including France, Bavaria, Saxony, Britain, and eventually Russia allied with either Austria or Prussia and the borders of Central Europe were reshaped through several treaties. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war by confirming Prussian control of Silesia and making it a new European power, while Austria maintained the Prag
Federalist And Antifederalist
The document discusses the debate between Federalists and Antifederalists following the drafting of the US Constitution. The Federalists supported a stronger central government and ratifying the new Constitution. The Antifederalists believed it gave the national government too much power and not enough power to the states. Both sides made arguments in publications like the Federalist Papers and Antifederalist Papers to advocate their positions as the Constitution was debated for ratification.
Opium wars
The Opium Wars were a series of conflicts in the mid-19th century between Britain and China over Britain's trade of opium to China. The Chinese government sought to stop the opium trade and imposed harsh penalties on opium trafficking. In response, Britain went to war to protect its lucrative opium trade, defeating China in the First Opium War (1839-1842) and forcing China to open new ports to foreign trade. The Second Opium War (1856-1860) further weakened China's control over trade. The wars demonstrated the vast military superiority of Western imperial powers over Qing China and contributed to China's decline in the late imperial era.
Peter the Great
Peter the Great was Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725. He introduced Western technologies and institutions to modernize Russia, which met resistance from traditionalists. Peter founded a new capital, St. Petersburg, to symbolize Russia's connection to Europe. He reformed the military, government, and church to increase Russia's power and integrate it into the Western world. Peter's reforms raised debates about Russia's relationship with the West that continued for centuries.
Revolutions of 1848 final version
The revolutions of 1848 saw uprisings across Europe seeking liberal reforms and national independence. Revolutions broke out in cities like Paris, Vienna, Berlin and Milan. However, the revolutions ultimately failed due to several factors. They did not attract widespread support from workers and peasants. As revolutions turned more radical, the middle class withdrew support. Nationalist goals divided rather than united in places like Germany and Italy. Where revolutions succeeded temporarily, the old ruling elites were left intact and moved to reassert control. By 1850, the pre-revolutionary political order was largely restored across Europe through direct military intervention or co-optation of liberal gains.
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
The big social and economic changes that the city states of Venice, Milan, and Florence began called the Italian Renaissance.
World War I The Total War Experience[1]
World War I involved trench warfare along the Western Front between the Allied and Central Powers after the Schlieffen Plan failed. Soldiers lived for long periods in muddy trenches under dangerous and unsanitary conditions. New military technologies like machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, submarines, and tanks contributed to stalemate on the battlefields. The war effort totalized societies as governments took control of economies and recruitment to support their war efforts through rationing, propaganda, and censorship.
Byzantine ppt 2013
The Byzantine Empire emerged after the fall of Rome, with its capital in Constantinople. It included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Emperor Justinian expanded the empire through conquest but strained its resources. He also codified Roman law and built churches. The Orthodox Church worked closely with the government. Meanwhile, the prophet Muhammad spread Islam through the Middle East and North Africa. The Quran outlined the religion's beliefs and duties. As Islam expanded through trade and war, conquered lands adopted Islamic culture and governance. Non-Muslims faced restrictions and high taxes. Muslim advances in fields like banking, science, and navigation aided their expansion.
Renaissance and Reformation
The document provides information on the European Renaissance and Reformation. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy, fueled by thriving cities, wealthy merchant class, and influence of Greek/Roman classics. The Black Death led to higher wages and more support for arts. Powerful families like the Medici patronized artists. Renaissance ideals spread north as humanism grew and the printing press helped spread ideas. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized Catholic Church abuses and sparked the Protestant Reformation, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Elizabethan era saw England break from Rome under Henry VIII and establish the Church of England.
The reformation
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE
The document discusses the rise of democracy in Europe. It begins with defining democracy and noting its origins in ancient Greece. It then discusses how democracy spread from Greece to other parts of Europe through revolutions, with the English and French revolutions playing a key role. Before these revolutions, European politics were dominated by absolutism, the divine right of kings, feudalism, and an inseparable church and state. The English revolution from 1640-1689 weakened these systems and established principles like parliamentary control over taxes and free elections. This revolution helped pave the way for capitalism in England by introducing free trade, empowering merchants politically, unifying the country, abolishing serfdom, and consolidating land ownership.
Age Of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were common during the Age of Absolutism from the 1500s to late 1700s. Absolute monarchs possessed total control over their kingdoms and had several advantages, such as efficient decision making and long-term stability. However, they also had weaknesses like being undemocratic and restricting individual rights. Russia in particular was isolated during this period due to Mongol rule and a lack of warm water ports, but Czars like Peter the Great sought to modernize and Westernize the nation through reforms like building the new capital St. Petersburg.
Ch14sec3
Louis XIV established an absolute monarchy in France, concentrating power in himself. He removed nobles from government, centralized authority, and pursued religious unity and economic policies to increase France's wealth and power. However, his numerous wars left France in debt and surrounded by enemies upon his death. Prussia rose as a military power under Frederick William, while the Austrian Empire remained decentralized due to its diverse populations. Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great expanded Russia's territories and modernized its military and culture, with Peter establishing a new capital at St. Petersburg and opening Russia to Western influences.
Ch 8 Absolutely France!
Henry IV of France faced internal religious discord and external threats from Spain in the late 16th century. He issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots religious toleration and repaired France. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu continued centralizing power in the monarchy. Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years and epitomized absolute monarchy, centralizing authority and using the arts to glorify his rule as the "Sun King". He built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power.
More Related Content
What's hot
22.2 the enlightenment in europe
The document summarizes key thinkers and ideas during the Enlightenment period in Europe. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of strong central government and absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and that government's power comes from the consent of the people. Other thinkers mentioned include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelley, along with some of their central beliefs and contributions to political philosophy and society.
(16.5) absolutism absolute monarchy in russia
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great strengthened and expanded Russia through modernization and territorial gains. Peter centralized power, westernized Russia through force, improved the military, and gained land through war. Catherine embraced Enlightenment ideas, codified laws, and partitioned Poland. Both rulers expanded Russia significantly through autocratic rule.
Rome: Republic and Empire
Describe Rome from Republic to Empire, includng philosophy, literture, history, technology, and architecture
Athens & Sparta
Athens and Sparta were the two most powerful city-states in Ancient Greece. Athens was a center of wisdom and learning, known for its intellectual pursuits in arts and music. Sparta focused on military strength and service to the state. Athens emerged as a sovereign city-state in the 9th century BC due to its central location and access to the sea. It developed into a democracy in 594 BC under Solon and entered a golden age. Boys received education until age 14-18 and military training, while girls' education focused on domestic tasks. Athens and Sparta differed greatly in their social structures and values but both became dominant powers in Ancient Greece.
Imperialism in China
The document summarizes China from 1750-1900, a time of crisis. It describes:
1. China was ruled by the Qing Dynasty and was largely self-sufficient agriculturally, but faced internal problems like corruption and opium addiction.
2. Contact with Western powers like Britain increased due to trade imbalances, leading Britain to smuggle opium into China. This caused social issues in China and tensions with Western powers.
3. Conflict came to a head in the Opium Wars, where Britain defeated China militarily and imposed unequal treaties, marking a turning point as Western influence grew in China.
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutism
Louis XIV is the quintessential absolute monarch. The presentation provides students with an example of how to write a proper 5 paragraph essay, complete with a thesis statement, topic sentences, and strong supporting evidence.
Revolutions of 1830 1848
The document discusses the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in France and how they inspired revolts across Europe. In 1830, the July Revolution overthrew King Charles X of the House of Bourbon and replaced him with Louis-Philippe. The 1848 Revolution removed Louis-Philippe and established the Second Republic with universal male suffrage. Louis Napoleon later became emperor as Napoleon III. While some uprisings succeeded temporarily, like in Belgium gaining independence, most failed due to a lack of widespread support and were crushed by military force.
Qing dynasty
The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was the last imperial dynasty of China, established by the Manchus. The Qing conquered China and expanded its territory, but faced internal rebellions like the Taiping Rebellion and external threats from European imperialism. The Opium Wars weakened China and led to unequal treaties. By the late 1800s, China was divided into foreign spheres of influence and faced domestic calls for reform as the Qing struggled to modernize and strengthen China in the face of Western encroachment.
Timeline of the War of Austrian Succession
The War of Austrian Succession was sparked in 1740 when Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI as ruler of the Hapsburg empire, despite the Pragmatic Sanction that ensured her succession. Frederick II of Prussia invaded and took the wealthy territory of Silesia from Austria, starting the war. Over the following years, various European powers including France, Bavaria, Saxony, Britain, and eventually Russia allied with either Austria or Prussia and the borders of Central Europe were reshaped through several treaties. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war by confirming Prussian control of Silesia and making it a new European power, while Austria maintained the Prag
Federalist And Antifederalist
The document discusses the debate between Federalists and Antifederalists following the drafting of the US Constitution. The Federalists supported a stronger central government and ratifying the new Constitution. The Antifederalists believed it gave the national government too much power and not enough power to the states. Both sides made arguments in publications like the Federalist Papers and Antifederalist Papers to advocate their positions as the Constitution was debated for ratification.
Opium wars
The Opium Wars were a series of conflicts in the mid-19th century between Britain and China over Britain's trade of opium to China. The Chinese government sought to stop the opium trade and imposed harsh penalties on opium trafficking. In response, Britain went to war to protect its lucrative opium trade, defeating China in the First Opium War (1839-1842) and forcing China to open new ports to foreign trade. The Second Opium War (1856-1860) further weakened China's control over trade. The wars demonstrated the vast military superiority of Western imperial powers over Qing China and contributed to China's decline in the late imperial era.
Peter the Great
Peter the Great was Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725. He introduced Western technologies and institutions to modernize Russia, which met resistance from traditionalists. Peter founded a new capital, St. Petersburg, to symbolize Russia's connection to Europe. He reformed the military, government, and church to increase Russia's power and integrate it into the Western world. Peter's reforms raised debates about Russia's relationship with the West that continued for centuries.
Revolutions of 1848 final version
The revolutions of 1848 saw uprisings across Europe seeking liberal reforms and national independence. Revolutions broke out in cities like Paris, Vienna, Berlin and Milan. However, the revolutions ultimately failed due to several factors. They did not attract widespread support from workers and peasants. As revolutions turned more radical, the middle class withdrew support. Nationalist goals divided rather than united in places like Germany and Italy. Where revolutions succeeded temporarily, the old ruling elites were left intact and moved to reassert control. By 1850, the pre-revolutionary political order was largely restored across Europe through direct military intervention or co-optation of liberal gains.
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
The big social and economic changes that the city states of Venice, Milan, and Florence began called the Italian Renaissance.
World War I The Total War Experience[1]
World War I involved trench warfare along the Western Front between the Allied and Central Powers after the Schlieffen Plan failed. Soldiers lived for long periods in muddy trenches under dangerous and unsanitary conditions. New military technologies like machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, submarines, and tanks contributed to stalemate on the battlefields. The war effort totalized societies as governments took control of economies and recruitment to support their war efforts through rationing, propaganda, and censorship.
Byzantine ppt 2013
The Byzantine Empire emerged after the fall of Rome, with its capital in Constantinople. It included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Emperor Justinian expanded the empire through conquest but strained its resources. He also codified Roman law and built churches. The Orthodox Church worked closely with the government. Meanwhile, the prophet Muhammad spread Islam through the Middle East and North Africa. The Quran outlined the religion's beliefs and duties. As Islam expanded through trade and war, conquered lands adopted Islamic culture and governance. Non-Muslims faced restrictions and high taxes. Muslim advances in fields like banking, science, and navigation aided their expansion.
Renaissance and Reformation
The document provides information on the European Renaissance and Reformation. It describes how the Renaissance began in Italy, fueled by thriving cities, wealthy merchant class, and influence of Greek/Roman classics. The Black Death led to higher wages and more support for arts. Powerful families like the Medici patronized artists. Renaissance ideals spread north as humanism grew and the printing press helped spread ideas. Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticized Catholic Church abuses and sparked the Protestant Reformation, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Elizabethan era saw England break from Rome under Henry VIII and establish the Church of England.
The reformation
The Reformation began in the 1500s led by reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII who challenged the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church in 1517 which sparked the Protestant Reformation. The printing press helped spread Protestant ideas. The Counter Reformation was launched by the Catholic Church including through the Jesuits and the Council of Trent to combat heresy and reform the Church. This led to a divided Europe and era of religious wars between Protestant and Catholic states.
THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE
The document discusses the rise of democracy in Europe. It begins with defining democracy and noting its origins in ancient Greece. It then discusses how democracy spread from Greece to other parts of Europe through revolutions, with the English and French revolutions playing a key role. Before these revolutions, European politics were dominated by absolutism, the divine right of kings, feudalism, and an inseparable church and state. The English revolution from 1640-1689 weakened these systems and established principles like parliamentary control over taxes and free elections. This revolution helped pave the way for capitalism in England by introducing free trade, empowering merchants politically, unifying the country, abolishing serfdom, and consolidating land ownership.
Age Of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were common during the Age of Absolutism from the 1500s to late 1700s. Absolute monarchs possessed total control over their kingdoms and had several advantages, such as efficient decision making and long-term stability. However, they also had weaknesses like being undemocratic and restricting individual rights. Russia in particular was isolated during this period due to Mongol rule and a lack of warm water ports, but Czars like Peter the Great sought to modernize and Westernize the nation through reforms like building the new capital St. Petersburg.
What's hot (20)
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutism
Louis XIV quintessential absolute monarch - absolutism
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
Similar to Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
Ch14sec3
Louis XIV established an absolute monarchy in France, concentrating power in himself. He removed nobles from government, centralized authority, and pursued religious unity and economic policies to increase France's wealth and power. However, his numerous wars left France in debt and surrounded by enemies upon his death. Prussia rose as a military power under Frederick William, while the Austrian Empire remained decentralized due to its diverse populations. Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great expanded Russia's territories and modernized its military and culture, with Peter establishing a new capital at St. Petersburg and opening Russia to Western influences.
Ch 8 Absolutely France!
Henry IV of France faced internal religious discord and external threats from Spain in the late 16th century. He issued the Edict of Nantes granting Huguenots religious toleration and repaired France. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu continued centralizing power in the monarchy. Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years and epitomized absolute monarchy, centralizing authority and using the arts to glorify his rule as the "Sun King". He built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power.
Absolutism
Under absolutism in the 1600-1700s, several European powers centralized control around powerful monarchs. France emerged as the strongest nation under kings like Louis XIV, who believed "I am the state" and weakened nobles and Protestants to assert royal authority. Prussia also grew powerful with militaristic rulers like Frederick the Great, while Russia expanded under westernizing czars like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great through conquest and serfdom.
Absolutism
The document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in 17th century Europe in response to religious and social unrest. It discusses how monarchs like Louis XIV of France consolidated power by limiting the influence of nobles and establishing divine right. It also summarizes the development of constitutional monarchy in England through conflicts between monarchs and Parliament that led to the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution, establishing more power for Parliament.
Louis xiv
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, centralizing power around himself. He weakened the nobility by ending their tax collection privileges and appointing commoners to government roles. Louis built the magnificent Versailles Palace to centralize the nobility around himself through an elaborate daily routine, keeping them dependent on his wealth and generosity. However, his costly wars and persecution of Huguenots drained France's resources and led to near bankruptcy by his death.
21.2 frances ultimate monarch
King Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign in European history. He centralized power around himself by weakening the nobility and strengthening the monarchy. Louis pursued policies like mercantilism that made France economically and militarily powerful, though debt increased from his lavish lifestyle and wars. By his death, France was the dominant force in Europe.
21.2 - France’s Ultimate Monarch
King Louis XIV ruled France for 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign in European history. He centralized power around himself by weakening the nobility and strengthening the royal administration. Louis grew the French economy through policies like mercantilism but also accrued major debts through wars and lavish spending. By the end of his reign, Louis had expanded French lands, strengthened its military and economy, and established France as the dominant power in Europe.
Absolutism pp
1) Absolute monarchs claimed unlimited power that was believed to be granted by God. They could make and change laws without limits.
2) In the 17th century, as wars increased taxes and unrest, many monarchs strengthened their power and tightly controlled aspects of society and the economy to impose order.
3) Louis XIV ruled France as an absolute monarch for over 50 years, but his expensive wars and lifestyle left France in deep debt by the time of his death.
Age of Absolutism
This document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in Europe between 1550-1800. It covers:
- The expansion of Spanish power under Charles V and Philip II, as well as Spain's Golden Age in arts and literature. However, costly wars and economic issues led to decline.
- In France, Louis XIV strengthened royal authority through expanding the bureaucracy and building the palace of Versailles. However, his religious persecutions and costly wars had negative impacts.
- In England, the Stuarts increasingly challenged Parliament's authority, leading to the English Civil War and Cromwell's rule. The Glorious Revolution established a limited monarchy under William and Mary.
- It also briefly mentions the
Unit 2
The document traces the development of different forms of government in Europe from regional kings to national leaders and absolute rulers to limited constitutional monarchies. It led to the rise of Enlightenment thinking and ideas about natural rights and social contracts between rulers and citizens. This helped spur the development of constitutionalism where government powers would be defined and limited in written constitutions.
Absolutism
- Wars of the 16th century pitted Protestants against Catholics across Europe from 1560 to 1650. Monarchs sought stability through absolutism and the divine right of kings.
- In France, Calvinism and Catholicism had become militant religions fighting for converts, fueling the French Wars of Religion from 1560-1589. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 granted Huguenots religious freedom.
- King Philip II of Spain strongly supported militant Catholicism and fought to prevent the spread of Protestantism, battling the English and Dutch. However, Spain's costly wars bankrupted the nation, and real power shifted to England under Queen Elizabeth I.
3 renaissance in rome
The document provides an overview of important people and events during the Italian Renaissance from 1300-1527. It summarizes the rise of Florence as the center of the Renaissance under the Medici family and their patronage of the arts. It also discusses the power struggles between foreign powers like France and Spain vying for control of the Italian peninsula, the rise and fall of various popes, and the start of the Protestant Reformation challenging the Catholic Church.
GROUP 4- THE RISE OF THE NATIONAL MONARCHIES.pptx
The document summarizes the rise of strong national monarchies in France, England, Spain, and Portugal during the High Middle Ages. In France, Hugh Capet established the Capetian dynasty in 987 and over subsequent generations, kings like Louis VI, Philip II, Louis IX, and Philip IV increased royal power at the expense of feudal lords. In England, monarchs like Henry II, John, and Edward I strengthened the monarchy through legal and governmental reforms while the Magna Carta established limitations on royal power. Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain and established the Spanish Inquisition to enforce Catholicism. Portugal gained independence when Afonso Henriques defeated his mother in 1128 to establish himself as the
Louis Xiv1
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715 with the goal of achieving absolute power and control over the kingdom. He centralized authority by weakening the nobility, creating an efficient bureaucracy, and using spies to monitor all areas of society. Louis also imposed religious unity by revoking rights for Protestants and persecuting Jansenists. While his reign saw France's rise as a great power, his costly wars and insistence on absolute rule weakened the economy and alienated political groups.
7 3&4
Lord Acton's quote that "power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely" is examined. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy in the 17th century by concentrating power in his own hands. He removed nobles from government, centralized administration at his royal court in Versailles, pursued policies of religious unity and increased taxes through his finance minister Colbert to raise funds and power for France.
Ch18 Sec1 3
The document summarizes the rise and decline of Spain as a power during the 1500s-1600s. Key events include:
1) King Charles I/Emperor Charles V faced challenges ruling a vast empire and struggled to maintain religious control in Europe.
2) Spain experienced a golden age in the arts and literature during the 1500s under King Philip II.
3) However, Philip II's strict Catholicism led to a revolt in the Netherlands and war with England, culminating in the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, beginning Spain's decline as a major power.
Rise of the Hispanic Monarchy: Philip II
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of Social Sciences, History and Geography at a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain).
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
7 3 power point (2)
Absolutism emerged in 17th century Europe as monarchs sought more stability and control by consolidating power. Under absolutism, the ruler held total power, deriving authority from God alone. Louis XIV of France exemplified absolutism, centralizing control over policy, the church, taxes, and more. He sought to eliminate Protestants and solidify Catholicism. His long reign left France in debt after costly wars to expand royal power. Meanwhile, Prussia strengthened its military and centralized authority under Frederick William, and Russia grew as a military power under Peter the Great through westernization reforms.
Revolution and Enlightenment
During the 1550-1800 period, Spain became the wealthiest and most powerful nation through its vast colonial territories. However, as Spain's empire grew too large to manage, it faced economic problems like inflation. King Philip II attempted to expand further by invading England but failed disastrously when the Spanish Armada was destroyed. This marked the decline of Spanish power and the rise of England. Across Europe, new political philosophies like absolutism emerged alongside religious conflicts and the development of standing armies. Enlightenment thinkers applied reason to politics and society, influencing later revolutions.
Similar to Absolute Monarchs Of Europe (20)
More from John Hext
Mongolia and taiwan
Mongolia was once home to the vast Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan in the 13th century. It broke up in the 1300s and was controlled by China until regaining independence in 1911. Mongolia adopted aspects of Chinese culture but still engages in nomadic herding. Taiwan has strong cultural and historical ties to China but gained independence in the 20th century. It developed a highly successful economy based on manufacturing and trade despite lacking natural resources. Western influences like baseball also became popular in Taiwan.
Mongolia and taiwan
Mongolia and Taiwan
The Mongol Empire conquered much of Asia under Genghis Khan in the 13th century, but broke up in the 1400s. Mongolia was then controlled by China until gaining independence in 1911. It became communist until the 1990s. Mongolians still engage in herding and mining, and celebrate festivals like Naadam. Taiwan transitioned from Chinese control to independence. It developed a high-tech manufacturing economy despite lacking resources. Baseball became popular due to American influence.
Contour maps powerpoint
Contour maps use lines to connect points of equal elevation and illustrate the terrain of an area. The contour interval is the vertical distance between each contour line, with closer lines indicating a steeper slope. Contour maps provide a visual representation of changes in elevation that allow viewers to understand the landscape and terrain features of a mapped region.
Contour maps quiz
The document contains 5 multiple choice questions about the geography of an island, asking about the steepest area, elevations of two points (A and B), number of mountain peaks, and direction of flow for River J.
Chapter 27
The document provides information on the physical geography of East Asia, including landforms, climate zones, resources, and human-environment interactions in the region. Some key points include:
1) East Asia has a rugged terrain with many mountains and plateaus that have shaped settlement patterns and resources. Major rivers like the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Xi River provide water resources but also flood risks.
2) Climate zones range from subarctic and highland in western China to humid subtropical and tropical zones. Deserts are located in western and northern parts of the region.
3) Major infrastructure
Unit 7 review 2012
This document contains a review for unit 7 that asks about key terms related to the Middle East region. It includes questions about oases, bodies of water, types of petroleum, deserts, irrigation techniques, salt lakes, oil refineries, places of worship, forms of government, pilgrimages, political movements, religious founders, oil cartels, holy sites, religious wars, ascension sites, political organizations, Muslim sects, fertile lands, desalination, and groundwater sources.
Ch. 24 25 test review
This document contains a list of 23 questions about South Asian geography, history, religions, and current economic issues. The questions cover topics like physical features of the region, the British raj system of rule, important rivers, religious practices, ethnic groups in countries like Sri Lanka, and how microcredit programs are helping alleviate poverty in places like Pakistan and Bangladesh.
25.1 india
The document summarizes the history and culture of India over 4000 years. It describes the ancient Indus Valley Civilization and its large cities with advanced sewer systems. It then discusses the decline of this civilization around 1900 BC possibly due to invasion, weather changes, or a combination. Subsequent empires that ruled India included the Mauryan, Gupta, and Mughal empires. Britain gained control of India through the East India Company and ruled until independence led by Gandhi and his advocacy of nonviolent civil disobedience. India was partitioned in 1947 along religious lines into India and Pakistan, resulting in violence and mass migration. The modern democratic republic of India has a federal parliamentary government and a large population
24.2 south asia-climate and vegetation
1. India is the largest country in South Asia.
2. A subcontinent is a large landmass that is geographically separated from other parts of a continent.
3. Over 1 billion people live in India.
4. The Himalayas serve as the border between India and China.
5. The Hindu Kush mountains lie at the western end of the Himalayas.
24.1 south asia-landforms and resources
India is the largest country in South Asia. A subcontinent is a large landmass that is distinct from but connected to a larger landmass. Over 1 billion people live in India. The Himalayas mountain range serves as the border between the Indian subcontinent and China. The Hindu Kush mountains lie at the west end of the Himalayas. An archipelago is a group of islands. An atoll is a low-lying ring-shaped coral reef surrounding a lagoon.
25.234 pakistan and the rest1
The partition of India in 1948 divided the subcontinent along religious lines into secular India and Muslim Pakistan. Pakistan was later divided into West and East Pakistan, with East Pakistan gaining independence as Bangladesh in 1971. Both Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced political instability and issues with corruption and Islamic extremism. Their economies are primarily based on small-scale agriculture and industry is growing. Nepal and Bhutan are isolated Himalayan kingdoms with constitutional monarchies and economies based on farming and forestry. Nepal has faced a Maoist insurgency seeking to overthrow the government and institute communism.
24.3 south asia-human-environment interaction
The Ganges River is one of the most important rivers in South Asia, both economically and culturally as the primary river in Hinduism. It is seen as a goddess and bathing in or drinking its waters can cleanse sins, though unfortunately it is also severely polluted with human waste and industrial runoff. The Feni River in Bangladesh was prone to flooding during cyclones until an earthen dam was constructed in the 1980s to block storm surges from flowing inland.
Ch. 12, sec. 1 and 2
The document summarizes key information about peninsulas in Europe. It defines a peninsula as a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. It then provides details about several specific peninsulas in Europe, including the Scandinavian Peninsula which contains fjords carved by ancient glaciers. The document also lists mountains ranges and river in Europe and poses questions for the reader about topics covered in the chapter such as peninsulas, natural resources, and climates.
Ch 5.5 -the spread of hellenistic culture
After Alexander the Great's death, a new Hellenistic culture emerged that blended Greek influences with those of Egypt, Persia, and India. This enabled communication across diverse regions. The city of Alexandria in Egypt became a major center of this culture, with a large population that included immigrants from around the world. It was famous for its museum, the largest library in the ancient world housing 500,000 scrolls, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. During this period, Greek scholars made advances in astronomy, mathematics, and physics, including Aristarchus' theory that the Earth revolves around the sun and Archimedes' work on levers and pulleys. However, by
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms effectively. After Philip's death, Alexander invaded the Persian Empire with around 30,000 men. He scored several decisive victories over King Darius III, defeating the Persians and conquering their vast empire by the age of 32. However, Alexander's troops grew tired of campaigning and he died shortly after from an illness.
Ch 5.1 -classical greece
The document discusses the geography and early civilizations of ancient Greece. It describes how the mountainous landscape and surrounding seas shaped Greek life and political divisions. It then summarizes the rise of the Mycenaean civilization around 2000 BC, their fortified cities like Mycenae, and their culture including the legendary Trojan War around 1200 BC. After this, the document outlines the decline of the Mycenaeans and rise of the Dorian Greeks, who lacked writing and learned of the Trojan War through oral stories told by poets like Homer.
Ch 5.5 -the spread of hellenistic culture
After Alexander the Great's death, a new Hellenistic culture emerged that blended Greek influences with those of Egypt, Persia, and India. This enabled communication across diverse regions. The city of Alexandria in Egypt became a major center of this culture, with a large population that included immigrants from around the world. It was famous for its museum, the largest library in the ancient world housing 500,000 scrolls, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. During this period, Greek scholars made advances in astronomy, mathematics, and physics, including Aristarchus' theory that the Earth revolves around the sun and Archimedes' work on levers and pulleys. However, by
Ch. 5.4 -alexander-empire builder
King Philip II of Macedon built a powerful army and conquered Greece in the 4th century BC. He introduced innovations like the Macedonian phalanx armed with long pikes. His son, Alexander the Great, further strengthened the army and used its combined arms tactics to invade and conquer the vast Persian Empire between 334-331 BC. At the pivotal Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander defeated the Persian king Darius III, bringing an end to the Persian Empire and allowing Alexander to expand his empire across Western Asia and into India. However, Alexander's troops grew exhausted by the campaign and he died of illness in 323 BC at the age of 32, leaving his generals to divide up his empire.
5.3 democracy and greece's golden age
The golden age of Athens began after the Persian Wars ended in 477 BC. To protect against future Persian invasions, several city-states formed the Delian League led by Athens. Over time, Athens began to use the League's funds for its own building projects and treated other members more like subjects in an empire. During this period Athens also saw a flourishing of art and literature under the patronage of Pericles, including the works of playwrights such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. However, Athens' oppression of its allies and increasing conflict with Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War, weakening Athens and ending its golden age.
5.2 athens and sparta
Athens and Sparta had different forms of government and culture. Athens transitioned to a democracy through reforms by Solon and Cleisthenes, establishing institutions like the Council of 500 and popular assembly. Sparta maintained a militaristic culture with a dual kingship and strong emphasis on discipline and martial training. Women had slightly more independence in Sparta but were confined to the home in Athens. Both city-states practiced slavery, though slaves had some protections under Athenian law.
More from John Hext (20)
Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
- 1. Ch. 21 Absolute Monarchs of Europe
- 8. The Escorial, Philip II’s Palace El Escorial
- 14. Is my shirt tail hanging out? Don’t be tryin’ to look up my skirt. I got my tights on…. Seriously, what the heck am I wearing?
- 15. The Palace at Versailles Cost: estimated $2 billion Main building: 500 yards long 2,000 rooms Labor force: 36,000 laborers 6,000 horses 15,000 acres of gardens 1,400 fountains