Unit 2
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The document traces the development of different forms of government in Europe from regional kings to national leaders and absolute rulers to limited constitutional monarchies. It led to the rise of Enlightenment thinking and ideas about natural rights and social contracts between rulers and citizens. This helped spur the development of constitutionalism where government powers would be defined and limited in written constitutions.
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Absolutism and revolution
This document provides an overview of absolutism in Europe between the 1400s and 1700s. It discusses how absolute monarchs consolidated power by claiming divine right to rule without limits and centralized control over society. Specific sections cover the growth of absolutism in Spain under the Hapsburgs, the reign of Louis XIV in France and his centralization of power, the Thirty Years War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the limits placed on English monarchs by Parliament. Absolute rulers like Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great also expanded Russian territory and reformed society along more Western lines.
Crisis and absolutism
This document summarizes major events in Europe between 1520 and 1701, including religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in France, the revolt of the Dutch against Spanish rule, and the English Civil War. It led to the rise of absolute monarchy in France under Louis XIV and a shift of power to England and France after Philip II's death. The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War and established that German states could choose their own religion.
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Absolutism emerged in 17th century Europe as monarchs sought more stability and control by consolidating power. Under absolutism, the ruler held total power, deriving authority from God alone. Louis XIV of France exemplified absolutism, centralizing control over policy, the church, taxes, and more. He sought to eliminate Protestants and solidify Catholicism. His long reign left France in debt after costly wars to expand royal power. Meanwhile, Prussia strengthened its military and centralized authority under Frederick William, and Russia grew as a military power under Peter the Great through westernization reforms.
Absolutism
Under absolutism in the 1600-1700s, several European powers centralized control around powerful monarchs. France emerged as the strongest nation under kings like Louis XIV, who believed "I am the state" and weakened nobles and Protestants to assert royal authority. Prussia also grew powerful with militaristic rulers like Frederick the Great, while Russia expanded under westernizing czars like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great through conquest and serfdom.
Age Of Absolutism
During the Age of Absolutism, several European powers centralized power around strong absolute monarchies. France was centralized under Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", who ignored parliament and spent lavishly. Prussia became a powerful Protestant state under Frederick William and his son Frederick the Great. Austria remained strong under Catholic Hapsburg rule, led by Maria Theresa. Russia was westernized and its power centralized by Peter the Great and later Catherine the Great, though both increased serfdom. These powers vied for dominance in shifting alliances while seeking to maintain a balance of power in Europe through competition and war.
(16.1) absolutism spanish power grows
Under Charles V, Spain emerged as a major European power through its control of the vast Hapsburg empire. His son Philip II expanded Spanish influence further during his 42-year reign through numerous wars to advance Spanish Catholic power and defeat opponents like the Ottomans and Protestants in the Netherlands. Though the Spanish Armada failed to invade England, Philip established Spain as Europe's foremost power through absolute rule and asserting divine right. During this golden age, Spanish culture also flourished under Philip's patronage of the arts, producing masterworks by painters like El Greco and Cervantes' seminal novel Don Quixote.
Ch.5 european absolutism
- Absolutism arose in Europe during a period when monarchs gained more power and ruled with absolute authority, justified by the Divine Right Theory that kings were chosen by God.
- Absolute monarchies had both strengths like efficiency and stability from one ruler, as well as weaknesses like being undemocratic and potentially violating individual rights.
- Major European absolute monarchies included Louis XIV's France, Phillip II's Spain during its Golden Age, and Peter the Great's modernizing rule in Russia from 1689-1725.
- England established a constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights that limited royal power and established a cabinet system headed by a Prime Minister.
Absolute monarchy
The document summarizes the rise of absolute monarchy in Europe during the 17th century, focusing on France under King Louis XIV. It describes how the 30 Years War weakened the Habsburg dynasty and led to the Peace of Westphalia, establishing nation-states and religious tolerance. Absolute monarchs like Louis XIV claimed power derived directly from God, surrounding themselves with ministers and officials. As the "Sun King", Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any European monarch, establishing France as the dominant power through several major wars.
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Crisis and absolutism
This document summarizes major events in Europe between 1520 and 1701, including religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in France, the revolt of the Dutch against Spanish rule, and the English Civil War. It led to the rise of absolute monarchy in France under Louis XIV and a shift of power to England and France after Philip II's death. The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War and established that German states could choose their own religion.
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Absolutism emerged in 17th century Europe as monarchs sought more stability and control by consolidating power. Under absolutism, the ruler held total power, deriving authority from God alone. Louis XIV of France exemplified absolutism, centralizing control over policy, the church, taxes, and more. He sought to eliminate Protestants and solidify Catholicism. His long reign left France in debt after costly wars to expand royal power. Meanwhile, Prussia strengthened its military and centralized authority under Frederick William, and Russia grew as a military power under Peter the Great through westernization reforms.
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Under absolutism in the 1600-1700s, several European powers centralized control around powerful monarchs. France emerged as the strongest nation under kings like Louis XIV, who believed "I am the state" and weakened nobles and Protestants to assert royal authority. Prussia also grew powerful with militaristic rulers like Frederick the Great, while Russia expanded under westernizing czars like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great through conquest and serfdom.
Age Of Absolutism
During the Age of Absolutism, several European powers centralized power around strong absolute monarchies. France was centralized under Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", who ignored parliament and spent lavishly. Prussia became a powerful Protestant state under Frederick William and his son Frederick the Great. Austria remained strong under Catholic Hapsburg rule, led by Maria Theresa. Russia was westernized and its power centralized by Peter the Great and later Catherine the Great, though both increased serfdom. These powers vied for dominance in shifting alliances while seeking to maintain a balance of power in Europe through competition and war.
(16.1) absolutism spanish power grows
Under Charles V, Spain emerged as a major European power through its control of the vast Hapsburg empire. His son Philip II expanded Spanish influence further during his 42-year reign through numerous wars to advance Spanish Catholic power and defeat opponents like the Ottomans and Protestants in the Netherlands. Though the Spanish Armada failed to invade England, Philip established Spain as Europe's foremost power through absolute rule and asserting divine right. During this golden age, Spanish culture also flourished under Philip's patronage of the arts, producing masterworks by painters like El Greco and Cervantes' seminal novel Don Quixote.
Ch.5 european absolutism
- Absolutism arose in Europe during a period when monarchs gained more power and ruled with absolute authority, justified by the Divine Right Theory that kings were chosen by God.
- Absolute monarchies had both strengths like efficiency and stability from one ruler, as well as weaknesses like being undemocratic and potentially violating individual rights.
- Major European absolute monarchies included Louis XIV's France, Phillip II's Spain during its Golden Age, and Peter the Great's modernizing rule in Russia from 1689-1725.
- England established a constitutional monarchy through the Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights that limited royal power and established a cabinet system headed by a Prime Minister.
Absolute monarchy
The document summarizes the rise of absolute monarchy in Europe during the 17th century, focusing on France under King Louis XIV. It describes how the 30 Years War weakened the Habsburg dynasty and led to the Peace of Westphalia, establishing nation-states and religious tolerance. Absolute monarchs like Louis XIV claimed power derived directly from God, surrounding themselves with ministers and officials. As the "Sun King", Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any European monarch, establishing France as the dominant power through several major wars.
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17thcentury
The document summarizes key developments in Europe and colonial empires during the 17th century. It describes the rise of absolute monarchy and decline of the Spanish Empire. Absolute rulers consolidated power while societies remained divided between privileged and underprivileged estates. Population growth slowed due to wars, epidemics and famines. New trading routes and companies challenged Iberian control over colonial trade. The Thirty Years' War and English revolutions curtailed monarchical power. The Scientific Revolution advanced knowledge through empiricism and rationalism. The Spanish Empire lost territories and influence due to economic troubles and succession issues.
Age of Absolutism
This document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in Europe between 1550-1800. It covers:
- The expansion of Spanish power under Charles V and Philip II, as well as Spain's Golden Age in arts and literature. However, costly wars and economic issues led to decline.
- In France, Louis XIV strengthened royal authority through expanding the bureaucracy and building the palace of Versailles. However, his religious persecutions and costly wars had negative impacts.
- In England, the Stuarts increasingly challenged Parliament's authority, leading to the English Civil War and Cromwell's rule. The Glorious Revolution established a limited monarchy under William and Mary.
- It also briefly mentions the
(16.2) absolutism france under louis xiv
(1) Louis XIV became an absolute monarch of France and strengthened the central government and royal control over the nobility, clergy, and commoners. (2) He built the grand palace of Versailles as a symbol of his wealth and power and required nobles to live there. (3) Under Louis XIV's rule, France had a strong economy through mercantilist policies, a large army, and flourishing arts, making it the most powerful state in Europe.
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The document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in 17th century Europe in response to religious and social unrest. It discusses how monarchs like Louis XIV of France consolidated power by limiting the influence of nobles and establishing divine right. It also summarizes the development of constitutional monarchy in England through conflicts between monarchs and Parliament that led to the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution, establishing more power for Parliament.
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After the Thirty Years' War, absolutism emerged as the dominant form of government in Central and Eastern Europe. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy and served as a model for other rulers. Prussia and Austria rose as great powers in the region. Prussia's army was built up under Frederick William, while Austria formed a new empire encompassing lands in Central and Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, Peter the Great modernized Russia by establishing a strong centralized government and building up its military and navy to gain power on the European stage. He also founded the new capital of St. Petersburg to better connect Russia to Europe.
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This document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in Latin America, Britain, and British North America between 1714-1790 CE. Portugal and Spain established colonial empires across Latin America seeking gold, silver, and agricultural exports. Britain gained control over North America after the Seven Years' War and sought new tax revenues from the colonies, leading to tensions and ultimately the American Revolution for independence.
Absolute monarchs
Here are possible answers to the questions about the cartoon:
1. Louis XIV used the image of the sun as a symbol of his power.
2. He likely used the sun as a symbol because the sun is the center of our solar system - implying that Louis XIV saw himself as the center of power in France, with everything revolving around him.
3. The overall meaning of the cartoon is to portray Louis XIV as an absolute monarch who believed he ruled by divine right as God's representative on Earth. The sun symbol reinforced the idea that he, as the Sun King, was the supreme power in France.
Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch.
2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury.
3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Age Of Absolutism 16th – 19th Century
The document provides an overview of the Age of Absolutism in Europe between the 16th-19th centuries. It summarizes the rise of absolute monarchies in Spain, France, England, and Russia during this period and their eventual downfalls. Key events included the defeat of the Spanish Armada weakening Spain's power, the English Civil War replacing the absolute British monarchy with a constitutional one, and the Russian Revolution overthrowing the Russian czar and establishing communism.
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The English Civil War began as a power struggle between King Charles I and Parliament over their rights and authority. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and ruled without Parliament for 11 years, angering them. When he tried to arrest members of Parliament, the Civil War broke out between Royalist Cavaliers and Parliamentarian Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the Roundheads' leader and eventually had Charles I executed after the Royalists were defeated. Cromwell then ruled England as a military dictator during the Commonwealth period until his death, imposing strict Puritan laws. This led to unrest and the restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, bringing the monarchy and Parliament to a new understanding.
Absolute Monarchs Graphic Organizer
This is still a work in progress. It is designed to get across some basic info in a quick, understandable fashion.
Age of absolutism
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2. The Habsburg Dynasty
The document discusses the Habsburg Dynasty that ruled Spain and the Holy Roman Empire from 1516 to 1700. It focuses on Charles V and Philip II, the most powerful monarchs of the dynasty. Charles V inherited vast territories stretching from Spain to Austria and the Netherlands. He faced many revolts across his empire due to his foreign advisors and high taxes. Philip II solidified Spanish control but struggled with conflicts against the Ottomans, Dutch rebels, and the English. His failed invasion of England in 1588 marked the decline of Spanish power in Europe. The document also examines the expulsion of Moriscos from Spain in 1609 and the reigns of later, less effective Habsburg kings.
A Brief History Of France
This document provides a brief history of France from prehistoric times to the 17th century. It describes how hunter-gatherers like the Cro-Magnons lived in France during the last ice age. It then discusses the arrival of farming, the Celtic and Roman periods, and the rise of the Franks. The document outlines the growth of French kings' power during the Middle Ages and their conflicts with England. It summarizes the religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in the 16th century and the establishment of an absolute monarchy under Louis XIV in the 17th century.
Age Of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were common during the Age of Absolutism from the 1500s to late 1700s. Absolute monarchs possessed total control over their kingdoms and had several advantages, such as efficient decision making and long-term stability. However, they also had weaknesses like being undemocratic and restricting individual rights. Russia in particular was isolated during this period due to Mongol rule and a lack of warm water ports, but Czars like Peter the Great sought to modernize and Westernize the nation through reforms like building the new capital St. Petersburg.
(16.3) absolutism parliament triumphs in england
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Lord Acton's quote that "power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely" is examined. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy in the 17th century by concentrating power in his own hands. He removed nobles from government, centralized administration at his royal court in Versailles, pursued policies of religious unity and increased taxes through his finance minister Colbert to raise funds and power for France.
Absolutism PowerPoint
1) Absolute monarchs believed all power resided with them as representatives of God on Earth. Religious conflicts plagued France between Catholics and Protestants. Henry IV converted to Catholicism to restore order and issued the Edict of Nantes granting religious freedom.
2) Louis XIV weakened the nobility and revoked the Edict of Nantes, pursuing absolute rule as the state. His ministers like Colbert and Richelieu aimed to strengthen France.
3) The English Civil War erupted over disputes on royal power between King Charles I and Parliament, leading to Cromwell's establishment of a republic before the restoration of the monarchy.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and increased their power by weakening the nobility and creating strong centralized governments. It led to conflicts over religion and succession that were resolved through wars and agreements limiting royal power, establishing constitutional monarchies and parliamentary systems. Key figures discussed include Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Maria Theresa of Austria.
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17thcentury
The document summarizes key developments in Europe and colonial empires during the 17th century. It describes the rise of absolute monarchy and decline of the Spanish Empire. Absolute rulers consolidated power while societies remained divided between privileged and underprivileged estates. Population growth slowed due to wars, epidemics and famines. New trading routes and companies challenged Iberian control over colonial trade. The Thirty Years' War and English revolutions curtailed monarchical power. The Scientific Revolution advanced knowledge through empiricism and rationalism. The Spanish Empire lost territories and influence due to economic troubles and succession issues.
Age of Absolutism
This document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in Europe between 1550-1800. It covers:
- The expansion of Spanish power under Charles V and Philip II, as well as Spain's Golden Age in arts and literature. However, costly wars and economic issues led to decline.
- In France, Louis XIV strengthened royal authority through expanding the bureaucracy and building the palace of Versailles. However, his religious persecutions and costly wars had negative impacts.
- In England, the Stuarts increasingly challenged Parliament's authority, leading to the English Civil War and Cromwell's rule. The Glorious Revolution established a limited monarchy under William and Mary.
- It also briefly mentions the
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(1) Louis XIV became an absolute monarch of France and strengthened the central government and royal control over the nobility, clergy, and commoners. (2) He built the grand palace of Versailles as a symbol of his wealth and power and required nobles to live there. (3) Under Louis XIV's rule, France had a strong economy through mercantilist policies, a large army, and flourishing arts, making it the most powerful state in Europe.
Absolutism
The document provides an overview of the rise of absolutism in 17th century Europe in response to religious and social unrest. It discusses how monarchs like Louis XIV of France consolidated power by limiting the influence of nobles and establishing divine right. It also summarizes the development of constitutional monarchy in England through conflicts between monarchs and Parliament that led to the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution, establishing more power for Parliament.
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After the Thirty Years' War, absolutism emerged as the dominant form of government in Central and Eastern Europe. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy and served as a model for other rulers. Prussia and Austria rose as great powers in the region. Prussia's army was built up under Frederick William, while Austria formed a new empire encompassing lands in Central and Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, Peter the Great modernized Russia by establishing a strong centralized government and building up its military and navy to gain power on the European stage. He also founded the new capital of St. Petersburg to better connect Russia to Europe.
Age of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte dominated French and European history from 1799 to 1815. He rose through the military ranks during the French Revolution and became a military hero. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France. At its peak, Napoleon's empire controlled much of continental Europe through direct rule and client states. However, Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 proved disastrous and marked the beginning of his empire's decline as European nations rose up against French control fueled by nationalism. Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815.
Colonial empires and the american revolution
This document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in Latin America, Britain, and British North America between 1714-1790 CE. Portugal and Spain established colonial empires across Latin America seeking gold, silver, and agricultural exports. Britain gained control over North America after the Seven Years' War and sought new tax revenues from the colonies, leading to tensions and ultimately the American Revolution for independence.
Absolute monarchs
Here are possible answers to the questions about the cartoon:
1. Louis XIV used the image of the sun as a symbol of his power.
2. He likely used the sun as a symbol because the sun is the center of our solar system - implying that Louis XIV saw himself as the center of power in France, with everything revolving around him.
3. The overall meaning of the cartoon is to portray Louis XIV as an absolute monarch who believed he ruled by divine right as God's representative on Earth. The sun symbol reinforced the idea that he, as the Sun King, was the supreme power in France.
Absolute Monarchs Of Europe
1. Philip II inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies after his father Charles V retired. Between 1550-1650, Spain imported over $14 billion worth of gold and silver from the Americas, allowing Philip II to become Spain's absolute monarch.
2. Louis XIV ruled France from 1643-1715, the longest reign of any European monarch. He weakened the nobility and increased the power of government officials to strengthen his absolute rule. He spent lavishly on Versailles to surround himself with luxury.
3. Ivan IV of Russia became czar at age 16 and ruled as an absolute monarch, but grew increasingly paranoid and violent, ordering thousands of nobles and others executed. He was succeeded
Age Of Absolutism 16th – 19th Century
The document provides an overview of the Age of Absolutism in Europe between the 16th-19th centuries. It summarizes the rise of absolute monarchies in Spain, France, England, and Russia during this period and their eventual downfalls. Key events included the defeat of the Spanish Armada weakening Spain's power, the English Civil War replacing the absolute British monarchy with a constitutional one, and the Russian Revolution overthrowing the Russian czar and establishing communism.
English civil war
The English Civil War began as a power struggle between King Charles I and Parliament over their rights and authority. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and ruled without Parliament for 11 years, angering them. When he tried to arrest members of Parliament, the Civil War broke out between Royalist Cavaliers and Parliamentarian Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the Roundheads' leader and eventually had Charles I executed after the Royalists were defeated. Cromwell then ruled England as a military dictator during the Commonwealth period until his death, imposing strict Puritan laws. This led to unrest and the restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, bringing the monarchy and Parliament to a new understanding.
Absolute Monarchs Graphic Organizer
This is still a work in progress. It is designed to get across some basic info in a quick, understandable fashion.
Age of absolutism
Peter I the Great and Catherine II the Great ruled Russia as absolute monarchs seeking to modernize and expand the nation. Peter I Westernized Russia through reforms like improving education, importing technology, and developing industry. He founded St. Petersburg and defeated the Ottoman Empire to gain a warm-water port. Catherine II continued modernizing Russia and extended its territory through war and the partitioning of Poland. Both monarchs ruled autocratically and pushed Russia to become a European great power.
2. The Habsburg Dynasty
The document discusses the Habsburg Dynasty that ruled Spain and the Holy Roman Empire from 1516 to 1700. It focuses on Charles V and Philip II, the most powerful monarchs of the dynasty. Charles V inherited vast territories stretching from Spain to Austria and the Netherlands. He faced many revolts across his empire due to his foreign advisors and high taxes. Philip II solidified Spanish control but struggled with conflicts against the Ottomans, Dutch rebels, and the English. His failed invasion of England in 1588 marked the decline of Spanish power in Europe. The document also examines the expulsion of Moriscos from Spain in 1609 and the reigns of later, less effective Habsburg kings.
A Brief History Of France
This document provides a brief history of France from prehistoric times to the 17th century. It describes how hunter-gatherers like the Cro-Magnons lived in France during the last ice age. It then discusses the arrival of farming, the Celtic and Roman periods, and the rise of the Franks. The document outlines the growth of French kings' power during the Middle Ages and their conflicts with England. It summarizes the religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in the 16th century and the establishment of an absolute monarchy under Louis XIV in the 17th century.
Age Of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were common during the Age of Absolutism from the 1500s to late 1700s. Absolute monarchs possessed total control over their kingdoms and had several advantages, such as efficient decision making and long-term stability. However, they also had weaknesses like being undemocratic and restricting individual rights. Russia in particular was isolated during this period due to Mongol rule and a lack of warm water ports, but Czars like Peter the Great sought to modernize and Westernize the nation through reforms like building the new capital St. Petersburg.
(16.3) absolutism parliament triumphs in england
The British Parliament asserted its rights against royal claims of absolute power in the 1600s in three key ways: (1) by attempting to share power with monarchs under Elizabeth I and challenging kings like James I and Charles I; (2) by waging the English Civil War and establishing the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership; and (3) by instituting the English Bill of Rights after the Glorious Revolution, which created a constitutional limited monarchy.
7 3&4
Lord Acton's quote that "power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely" is examined. Louis XIV of France established an absolute monarchy in the 17th century by concentrating power in his own hands. He removed nobles from government, centralized administration at his royal court in Versailles, pursued policies of religious unity and increased taxes through his finance minister Colbert to raise funds and power for France.
Absolutism PowerPoint
1) Absolute monarchs believed all power resided with them as representatives of God on Earth. Religious conflicts plagued France between Catholics and Protestants. Henry IV converted to Catholicism to restore order and issued the Edict of Nantes granting religious freedom.
2) Louis XIV weakened the nobility and revoked the Edict of Nantes, pursuing absolute rule as the state. His ministers like Colbert and Richelieu aimed to strengthen France.
3) The English Civil War erupted over disputes on royal power between King Charles I and Parliament, leading to Cromwell's establishment of a republic before the restoration of the monarchy.
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This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and increased their power by weakening the nobility and creating strong centralized governments. It led to conflicts over religion and succession that were resolved through wars and agreements limiting royal power, establishing constitutional monarchies and parliamentary systems. Key figures discussed include Louis XIV of France, Peter the Great of Russia, and Maria Theresa of Austria.
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High School world history lecture briefly covering stuart dynasty, english civil war, restoration, glorious revolution
Monarchies
An absolute monarch is a king or queen who has total control over their nation without limits to their power. Some key examples included Phillip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France, both of whom ruled vast empires and held immense power and wealth. The English Civil War in the 1600s established a constitutional monarchy in Britain, limiting the monarch's power and establishing Parliament as a check, a system that continues today with Elizabeth II as Queen.
British history.
England has a long history that has shaped its modern parliamentary democracy. Key events include the Norman Conquest in 1066 which established feudalism; the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 which limited royal power; the English Civil War of 1642-1649 and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy; and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which deposed James II and enshrined constitutional monarchy and Parliament's dominance in the Bill of Rights. Today England has a bicameral legislature and limited monarchy, with the prime minister as head of government and the monarch holding only ceremonial power.
Ch.16
The document summarizes events in 17th century English history related to the constitutional monarchy. It discusses the Magna Carta limiting royal power, conflicts between King James I and Parliament over taxation and divine right of kings. The Gunpowder Plot attempted to blow up Parliament. King Charles I repeatedly clashed with Parliament over funds and dissolved it, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the leader of the Parliamentary army and ruled as Lord Protector during the Interregnum period until the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II.
Ch.16
The document summarizes events in 17th century English history related to the constitutional monarchy. It discusses the Magna Carta limiting royal power, conflicts between King James I and Parliament over taxation and divine right of kings. The Gunpowder Plot attempted to blow up Parliament. King Charles I repeatedly clashed with Parliament over funds and dissolved it, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the leader of the Parliamentary army and ruled as Lord Protector during the Interregnum period until the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II.
Ch.16
The document summarizes events in 17th century English history related to the constitutional monarchy. It discusses the Magna Carta limiting royal power, conflicts between King James I and Parliament over taxation and divine right of kings. The Gunpowder Plot attempted to blow up Parliament. King Charles I repeatedly clashed with Parliament over funds and dissolved it, leading to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell emerged as the leader of the Parliamentary army and ruled as Lord Protector during the Interregnum period until the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II.
Ch 16.2
This document discusses the rise of absolutism and constitutionalism in Western Europe between 1589-1715. It describes how absolutist monarchs influenced culture through patronage of the arts like Baroque art and music. Court culture centered around Versailles, while French classicism glorified King Louis XIV. Constitutionalism emerged in England, where monarchs' power was limited by Parliament establishing a system of checks. The Dutch Republic was a federation run by wealthy merchants' assemblies with religious tolerance and commercial prosperity.
Britishhistory2
1) In the 16th century, foreign trade was limited and new routes were sought following the Ottoman conquest blocking traditional overland routes to Asia, leading to the Age of Exploration.
2) Henry VIII established the Church of England independent of Rome and dissolved the monasteries, strengthening the monarchy and establishing a new Protestant dynasty.
3) The English Civil War in the 1640s resulted in Oliver Cromwell becoming Lord Protector after the monarch Charles I was deposed and executed for tyranny.
Revolution and Enlightenment
During the 1550-1800 period, Spain became the wealthiest and most powerful nation through its vast colonial territories. However, as Spain's empire grew too large to manage, it faced economic problems like inflation. King Philip II attempted to expand further by invading England but failed disastrously when the Spanish Armada was destroyed. This marked the decline of Spanish power and the rise of England. Across Europe, new political philosophies like absolutism emerged alongside religious conflicts and the development of standing armies. Enlightenment thinkers applied reason to politics and society, influencing later revolutions.
Absolutism II
Absolutism is a form of monarchy where the ruler exercises total control over the government and is not restricted by laws, assemblies, or churches. Absolute rulers claimed that their right to rule came from God. In France, Louis XIV strengthened the monarchy's power by building a strong army, persecuting Huguenots, and living an extravagant lifestyle funded by high taxes. His rule marked the peak of French absolutism. In England, conflicts between monarchs and Parliament led to civil war and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy over the king and creating a limited constitutional monarchy.
Absolutism II
Absolutism is a form of monarchy where the ruler exercises total control over the government without limits or restraints. Absolute rulers claimed that their power came from God. In France, Louis XIV strengthened the monarchy and centralized power, weakening the nobility and persecuting Huguenots. His extravagant lifestyle and costly wars drained the treasury and economy, contributing to the decline of French absolutism. In England, conflicts between monarchs and Parliament led to civil war and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy over the king and creating a limited constitutional monarchy.
Similar to Unit 2 (20)
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19.2 b
The document summarizes key events in World War 2 between 1942-1945. It describes how the Grand Alliance of the US, UK, and USSR agreed to prioritize military operations over political differences. It then discusses several major battles, including El Alamein where Montgomery defeated Rommel, the Battle of Stalingrad which was a decisive defeat of German forces, and the Allied D-Day invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944 which marked a major turning point in the war. It concludes by noting the Allies' push into Germany, Hitler's suicide, and Germany's unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945.
The home front
The document summarizes the effects of World War II on the home fronts and aftermath for several major countries. It describes how the USSR mobilized its economy and had women work in industries to support the war effort. In the US, the war effort strained housing and schools while racial tensions increased. Germany refused early increases in armament production. The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, leveling the cities and resulting in over 100,000 instant deaths. After the war, tensions rose between the US and USSR, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
The home front
The document summarizes the effects of World War II on the home fronts and aftermath for several major countries. It describes how the USSR mobilized its economy and had women work in industries to support the war effort. In the US, the war effort strained housing and schools but racial tensions increased. Germany refused early on to increase armament production. The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, devastating the cities and helping end the war. However, the postwar period saw increased tensions between the Western allies and Soviet Union known as the Cold War.
The new order and the holocaust
Hitler's quest for "living space" led to the resettlement of millions of Slavs to make way for ethnic Germans. The Nazis also sent Slavs and others to slave labor camps. The Final Solution involved the systematic genocide of Jews across German-occupied Europe. Overseen by Himmler and Heydrich, mobile killing units executed over a million Jews and concentration camps like Auschwitz imprisoned and murdered millions more. In total, the Holocaust led to the deaths of approximately 6 million European Jews and 9-10 million others deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime.
Course of wwii
Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 using his new Blitzkrieg tactic. In May 1940, Germany attacked France and drove the British and French armies back to the beaches of Dunkirk where over 300,000 troops were evacuated. Germany then controlled three-fifths of France. From August to September 1940, Germany launched an air offensive against Britain known as the Battle of Britain. On June 22, 1941, Hitler violated the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, advancing quickly until his armies were stopped by winter and Soviet resistance outside Moscow in December 1941.
19.2 b
The document summarizes key events in World War 2 between 1942 and 1945. It describes how the Grand Alliance of the US, UK, and USSR agreed to prioritize military operations over political differences. It then discusses several major battles, including El Alamein where Montgomery defeated Rommel, the Battle of Stalingrad which ended in German surrender, and the Allied invasions of Italy and Normandy on D-Day which marked a turning point in the war. It concludes with the Allies pushing into Germany, Hitler's suicide, and Germany's unconditional surrender in May 1945, marking the end of the war in Europe.
Course of the war pacific theater
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 in a surprise attack, drawing the United States into World War II. While Japan had early success in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, the United States began to gain ground through key naval victories at the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway in 1942-1943. The tide turned further with General Douglas MacArthur leading Allied forces back through New Guinea and the Philippines. Ultimately, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, leading Emperor Hirohito to surrender and end the war.
The Japanese Path to WWII
Japan seized Manchuria in 1931 by blaming damage to a railroad on China as a pretext for invasion. Japan wanted more territory for resources and expanded into northern China. When the US threatened sanctions if Japan further expanded into Southeast Asia, Japan decided to attack US and European colonies in Southeast Asia instead to force the US to allow its expansion, but this move backfired.
Path to WWII
Hitler pursued expansionist policies based on ideas of Aryan racial supremacy, violating the Treaty of Versailles. Britain initially pursued appeasement by allowing Germany to remilitarize and annex Austria and the Sudetenland. However, Hitler's invasion of Poland led Britain and France to declare war on Germany, beginning World War II.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution led to many inventions that changed manufacturing. Arkwright's water frame and Crompton's spinning mule automated thread production. Cartwright's power loom used steam power. These inventions required new factories and labor systems. The steam engine was also improved through the work of Savery, Newcomen, and Watt, allowing for coal mining and powering other machines. Henry Cort's puddling furnace produced stronger iron. These changes grew the population and led to urbanization. They also created new social classes as factory working conditions were difficult, especially for women and children.
Intro to psy
This document provides an introduction to the field of psychology. It defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It explains that there are two main types of scientific research that influences psychology: basic science, which involves research experiments, and applied science, which is about applying research findings to help people. It also lists some common career paths for psychologists, noting that while some work in university or college settings, many work in independent practice, hospitals, counseling clinics, and other settings in business or government.
Industrial revolution
The document provides an overview of industrialization and its effects on Western countries. It begins by stating that the lesson will cover industrialization and then provides 5 multiple choice questions about the Industrial Revolution, with answers. Some key points covered include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Great Britain; wool being the most common material for clothing before; cottage industries processing raw materials; and Queen Victoria ruling during the Industrial Revolution.
Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance began in Florence in the late Middle Ages and spread across Europe. It was characterized by a revival of learning based on classical sources. The wealthy city-states of Florence, Rome, Venice, Genoa, and Milan competed to commission art and architecture that demonstrated their power and wealth, leading to advances in these fields. Key figures included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and others who achieved great realism and mastery of techniques like perspective and anatomy. The printing press helped spread Renaissance ideas widely.
Reformation
Christian Humanism emerged during the Reformation as a movement that emphasized studying early Christian writings and the Bible to reform the Catholic Church and improve society. A leading figure, Desiderius Erasmus, criticized the Church's corruption and hypocrisy in his influential work "In Praise of Folly" and called for reform from within. Martin Luther also sought reform but eventually broke from the Church over doctrines like salvation by faith alone, sparking the wider Protestant Reformation across Europe in various forms such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and the Church of England established under King Henry VIII.
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- 33. Take your own notes!!!!!!!!
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