Exploration 2
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The document summarizes European exploration between the 15th and 17th centuries as they searched for new trade routes to Asia and its spices. The Portuguese first established coastal trading ports in Africa and India to control the spice trade. The Dutch later set up ports around the world using their naval power. English ships began carrying limes to prevent scurvy on long voyages. Spain funded Columbus' voyage west in 1492 hoping to reach Asia, but he landed in the Americas instead. This led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas, profoundly impacting global populations. Other conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro then conquered the Aztec and Inca empires,
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Encounter with the West
This document summarizes the key events of early European exploration and colonization in Asia following the 15th century. It discusses Portugal's early voyages along the coast of Africa and India led by Prince Henry the Navigator. It then covers Spain's expedition under Ferdinand Magellan, which was the first to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific and circumnavigate the globe, though Magellan did not survive the entire voyage. Finally, it discusses the establishment of Spanish settlements in the Philippines following Magellan's expedition, including the founding of Manila in 1571.
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The document summarizes key events and figures from the Age of Exploration period between the 15th and 17th centuries. It describes voyages by European explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan, and others who sought new trade routes and lands for their home countries and helped expand geographic knowledge around the world. Many important discoveries were made, including new continents and ocean passages, though the impacts on indigenous peoples were often negative.
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When Europeans began expanding overseas in the 15th century, the Pope granted Portugal and Spain control over territories along the coasts of Africa and the Americas respectively through a series of papal bulls and treaties. This established the basis for European colonial domination around the world over the following centuries as explorers like Magellan and conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro sought wealth and trade in Asia, Africa and the Americas often through the exploitation of native populations. The Age of Exploration opened vast new opportunities for economic and geographic expansion that transformed European dominance globally.
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20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
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Age of exploration
Between 1500-1800:
- European powers expanded globally through exploration and colonization motivated by trade, wealth, and religion. Portugal led expansion in Africa and Asia while Spain dominated in the Americas.
- The slave trade dramatically increased to supply labor for American plantations, devastating parts of Africa and changing its political/social structures.
- Europeans established overseas colonies and trading posts in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transforming global economics and introducing mercantilism. Their presence impacted politics, culture and religion in conquered regions.
The Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes and lands. Countries sponsored voyages of explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the globe and map the Americas and Asia. These explorations established new trade networks for resources like spices, gold, and slaves, and led to the Columbian Exchange of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Old World and New World.
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The document summarizes the colonization of South Africa by Dutch and British colonists between the 17th and 20th centuries. The Dutch established the first European settlement in Cape Town in 1652 and brought slaves from Asia as laborers. Britain took control of Cape Town in 1795 and formally annexed the Cape Colony in 1806. In the 1830s, Boers migrated northward to establish their own republics to escape British rule. Tensions between the British and Boers led to the Anglo-Boer Wars in the late 19th century, resulting in the republics being annexed by Britain. Formal apartheid policies were implemented in the 20th century that legally enforced racial segregation and discrimination against non-white populations
European contact with africa
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to extensively explore and establish trade relationships along the west coast of Africa between the 15th and 16th centuries. They sought to circumvent Arab control of trade routes and gain access to gold and other resources. Key events included establishing coastal forts and trading posts, Diaz rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, and da Gama's voyage connecting Europe and India around the Cape in 1497-1499. The Dutch later supplanted Portuguese control over sea trade and began regularly rounding the Cape of Good Hope in the 16th century to establish resupply stations for trade with Asia.
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Similar to Exploration 2
Lecture outlines mc kayworld10e ch16
This document provides an overview of global contact between 1450-1600 by summarizing key developments in several regions:
- The Indian Ocean trade world connected China, India, Southeast Asia, and the Persian Gulf. Peoples of Southeast Asia shared Austronesian languages and women had relatively high status.
- The trans-Saharan gold and slave trades linked Africa to North Africa and the Middle East. Arab and African merchants exported African slaves.
- European voyages of discovery were spurred by desires for luxury goods, religion, knowledge, and competition. Advances in navigation enabled Portuguese and Spanish exploration of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
- Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca Empires led
The American Vision Chapter 1 Coverging Culters Section 5
The document provides information about early European exploration of America. It discusses that the first Europeans to settle in America were the Vikings around 1000 AD, though their settlements did not last. It then focuses on Christopher Columbus' voyages in 1492 where he sailed west across the Atlantic and made landfall in the Caribbean, believing he had reached Asia. To prevent conflict, Spain and Portugal later signed the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing exploration and territorial claims in the Americas between the two countries. The document also mentions the Columbian Exchange that resulted from contact between Europe and the Americas.
The Age of Exploration Notes
The document provides an overview of the Age of Exploration and Discovery from the 15th century onwards. It describes how new ship technologies like the caravel enabled longer voyages. Portuguese explorers like Henry the Navigator and Bartolomeu Diaz explored Africa's coasts in search of a trade route to India. Vasco da Gama eventually found the route around the Cape of Good Hope. Christopher Columbus sailed west hoping to reach India but discovered the Americas instead. Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the globe, though he was killed in the Philippines. The Spanish conquistador Cortez conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico, and Pizarro did similarly to the Incas in South America. The effects
Colonial america
The Age of Discovery began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes and lands. Portugal, Spain, England, France and the Netherlands launched explorations led by figures like Columbus, Vespucci, Cabot and Verrazano. These explorations resulted in contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas and led to the beginning of European colonization and exploitation of resources. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided control of newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. Significant explorations included those by Columbus, Cortes-Real, Cabot, Vespucci, Magellan and others. Indigenous populations declined sharply due to disease and conflict with European colonizers.
CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docx
CHAPTER 2
Early Globalization: The Atlantic
World, 1492–1650
Figure 2.1 After Christopher Columbus “discovered” the New World, he sent letters home to Spain describing the
wonders he beheld. These letters were quickly circulated throughout Europe and translated into Italian, German, and
Latin. This woodcut is from the first Italian verse translation of the letter Columbus sent to the Spanish court after his
first voyage, Lettera delle isole novamente trovata by Giuliano Dati.
Chapter Outline
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
2.2 Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
2.3 Challenges to Spain’s Supremacy
2.4 New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange
Introduction
The story of the Atlantic World is the story of global migration, a migration driven in large part by the
actions and aspirations of the ruling heads of Europe. Columbus is hardly visible in this illustration of his
ships making landfall on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Figure 2.1). Instead, Ferdinand II of Spain (in
the foreground) sits on his throne and points toward Columbus’s landing. As the ships arrive, the Arawak
people tower over the Spanish, suggesting the native population density of the islands.
This historic moment in 1492 sparked new rivalries among European powers as they scrambled to create
New World colonies, fueled by the quest for wealth and power as well as by religious passions. Almost
continuous war resulted. Spain achieved early preeminence, creating a far-flung empire and growing
rich with treasures from the Americas. Native Americans who confronted the newcomers from Europe
suffered unprecedented losses of life, however, as previously unknown diseases sliced through their
populations. They also were victims of the arrogance of the Europeans, who viewed themselves as
uncontested masters of the New World, sent by God to bring Christianity to the “Indians.” The Spanish
enslaved Native Americans, forcing them to bring whatever gold could be found to fill Spanish coffers.
Chapter 2 Early Globalization: The Atlantic World, 1492–1650 39
2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the
Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World
• Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of
Spain’s empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture
Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European
expansion across the Atlantic. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power.
This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of
globalization, in which previously isolated groups—Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans—first
came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous resu ...
The Search For Spices
Europeans sought to gain direct access to Asian goods by exploring new trade routes, bypassing Middle Eastern merchants. Portugal led the way in the 1400s by exploring along the western coast of Africa under Prince Henry. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached India, acquiring spices at huge profits. This opened the sea route to Asia and led Portugal to seize key ports in the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus mistakenly reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, leading to European discovery of the new continents.
The Search For Spices
Europeans sought to gain direct access to Asian goods by exploring new trade routes, bypassing Middle Eastern merchants. Portugal led the way in the 1400s by exploring along the western coast of Africa under Prince Henry. In 1497, Vasco da Gama reached India, acquiring spices at huge profits. This opened the sea route to Asia and led Portugal to seize key ports in the Indian Ocean. Christopher Columbus mistakenly reached the Americas in 1492 while seeking a western route to Asia, leading to European discovery of the new continents.
SSWH10.ppt
The document discusses the major factors that led to the Age of Discovery and European expansion between 1450-1700. Some key developments included advances in navigation technology from the Scientific Revolution like the caravel ship and magnetic compass that enabled long distance travel. Motivations for exploration included seeking gold, glory for their nation, and spreading Christianity ("God, glory, and gold"). Portugal led initial exploration down the coast of Africa. Major explorers included Columbus, who sailed for Spain and reached the Americas believing he found India, and Magellan, who was the first to circumnavigate the globe. European powers established colonial empires through conquest and the slave trade had devastating impacts on African societies. The Columbian Exchange also introduced new crops, animals
The age of_exploration
Here is a potential response developing a couple sentences on what is needed to start a successful colony:
To establish a successful colony, careful planning and adequate resources are essential. Colonists need a stable food source and shelter immediately upon arrival. They must have the tools, supplies, and expertise across various skills like farming, construction, trade, and defense to become self-sufficient in the new environment. Ongoing support from the sponsoring country can also help the colony survive the early vulnerable years until it is established.
Eurpean Exploration And Empire Building
1) In the 1400s, European countries began extensively exploring the world in search of wealth and resources, expanding their knowledge and control.
2) Portugal was a leader in exploration, sending voyages down the west African coast and around the tip of Africa, opening the way for later colonization.
3) Spain, England, and France also engaged in exploration and established colonies in the Americas in the 1400s-1500s, with Spain forming a huge empire spanning North and South America and the Caribbean.
European expansion and invasion 2015
The document summarizes European expansion into the Americas beginning in the 15th century. It first discusses early Viking exploration led by Leif Erikson who established a short-lived settlement in Vinland (North America) around 1000 AD. Next it explains how technological and navigational advances in 15th century Portugal enabled more successful Atlantic exploration and led to Spain funding Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. Columbus' landing in the Bahamas began the massive Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds and devastated indigenous populations through disease and war. Finally, it outlines the later Spanish and French colonial empires that sought wealth and conversion through differing approaches in the Americas.
European Exploration and Empire Building
1. In the 1400s, European powers like Portugal, Spain, England and France began exploring the world in search of wealth and resources, expanding their knowledge and control.
2. Portugal was a leader in exploration, sending voyages down the west African coast and around the Cape of Good Hope, paving the way for later involvement in the slave trade.
3. Spain sponsored Christopher Columbus' voyages seeking a route to Asia, leading to the Columbian Exchange and Spain building a huge American empire in the 1500s-1600s through conquest and colonization.
Spanish Explorers
The document provides a summary of key explorations and events in the Americas between 1000 AD and 1682 AD, including:
- Leif Erikson discovers North America around 1000 AD.
- Many Spanish explorers explore Central and South America in the early 1500s, including Columbus, Cortez, Pizarro, Balboa, and Coronado.
- French explorers Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain explore Canada and the Mississippi River valley in the 1500s-1600s.
- The English explorer Sir Francis Drake becomes the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1577.
Explore & america notes
During the 1400s and 1500s, European explorers set sail on voyages of discovery inspired by desires for wealth, trade routes, glory and spreading religion. Advances in navigation technologies like the compass and shipbuilding allowed the Portuguese and Spanish to establish the first colonies in the Americas, conquering native empires like the Aztecs and Incas through alliances, technology and disease. Other European powers soon joined the exploration and colonization efforts.
Chapter 3 powerpoint presentations
Christopher Columbus received funding from Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain to sail west in search of a route to Asia. His reaching the New World in 1492 gave hope for riches in the new land but also resulted in the greatly diminished native populations and growth of the transatlantic slave trade. Other Spanish explorers like Balboa, Magellan, de Soto, and Coronado further explored and claimed lands for Spain in the early 1500s, helping Spain build an empire in the Americas through conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro who defeated the Aztec and Inca empires. European nations established colonies in North America for resources, trade, and religious reasons, with the French founding New France, Dutch founding
ENCOUNTER WITH THE WEST (1400-1600)
Portugal was the first to send expeditions to Asia in search of new trade routes. Prince Henry of Portugal established colonies in Africa and developed new navigation instruments. In 1487, Bartholomew Diaz discovered the Cape of Good Hope while sailing around Africa to reach India, opening a new route for Portugal. Spain then sent Columbus in 1492 to find a western route to Asia, resulting in the discovery of North America instead. Further Spanish explorers like Amerigo Vespucci and Vicente Pinzon explored the new lands, leading to naming the continents America.
'11 ap exploration
The document discusses the Age of Exploration, including key events and motivations. It summarizes that three main countries - France, England, and Spain - sponsored early explorers. The major motivations for exploration were gold, glory, and spreading Christianity (the "three G's"). New technologies like the caravel ship, compass, and cartography enabled more advanced explorations and helped open up the Americas and trade routes to Asia.
Age of exploration
The document summarizes the Age of Exploration, beginning with the Middle Ages when exploration was unimportant. It then discusses how feudalism brought stability to Europe and the Crusades exposed Europeans to new ideas and cultures. The Renaissance era saw a renewed interest in exploration. Portugal discovered a sea route to Asia, making them wealthy, which motivated other European powers to explore. Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492 trying to reach Asia accidentally discovered the Americas, launching the Age of Exploration and European colonization of the New World.
myAgeofExplorationB.ppt
The Age of Exploration began in the 15th century due to advances in navigation technology, a desire to find trade routes to Asia, and the promise of riches. Portugal led the way in exploration down the coast of Africa. Key figures included Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, Vasco da Gama who reached India, and Christopher Columbus who discovered the Americas while seeking a route to Asia. The voyages of discovery had enormous consequences, including the spread of people, crops, diseases, and empires between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
European exploration map
European powers explored and colonized much of the world between the 15th-17th centuries seeking to spread Christianity, gain territory, and profit economically. Portugal led exploration down the coast of Africa. Spain established vast American and Asian empires through conquistadors like Pizarro. The British, French, and Dutch later established global trading empires through colonization of North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. European exploration and colonization transformed global politics and economics and led to the rise of powerful Western empires.
Similar to Exploration 2 (20)
The American Vision Chapter 1 Coverging Culters Section 5
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CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docx
CHAPTER 2Early Globalization The AtlanticWorld, 1492–16.docx
More from Laurissa Agosta
French rev jeopardy revised
This document provides an overview of the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and Napoleon. It contains questions about:
1. The three social classes in France, the causes of the Revolution including inequality and high taxes, absolute monarchy, and deficit spending.
2. Key people like the last French king Louis XVI, Maximilien Robespierre, Marie Antoinette, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
3. Important turning points like the storming of the Bastille, the Tennis Court Oath, and the Reign of Terror.
4. Aspects of Napoleon's rule including French patriotism, the Napoleonic Code, and his eventual defeat
French Revolution- Stage 3 and 4
The document summarizes key events of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1794 in five stages:
1) The National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and seized church lands, alarming devout Catholics. King Louis XVI tried to escape but was captured.
2) The Assembly created a new constitution and Legislative Assembly but factions split between radicals, moderates, and émigrés. France declared war on Austria and Prussia. The king was deposed and executed despite his popularity.
3) Radical Jacobins led by Robespierre took control. The Reign of Terror began, killing thousands including former allies to the king.
4) Robespierre ruled
Causes of the French Revolution
The French Revolution was caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and intellectual factors. Politically, King Louis XVI's absolute rule faced growing criticism. Economically, lavish spending by the monarchy and wars had left France in debt. Socially, the rigid three-estate system divided society and the large third estate of commoners felt oppressed. Intellectually, Enlightenment ideas promoted reason and challenged the status quo, fueling revolutionary thinking.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when thinkers applied reason and science to politics, society, and the economy. They challenged absolute monarch rule and argued that people have natural rights like liberty. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith developed new ideas about government, economics, and society that influenced revolutions and the growth of democracy. Their works spread new ways of thinking through publications and social gatherings.
Absolutism II
Absolutism is a form of monarchy where the ruler exercises total control over the government and is not restricted by laws, assemblies, or churches. Absolute rulers claimed that their right to rule came from God. In France, Louis XIV strengthened the monarchy's power by building a strong army, persecuting Huguenots, and living an extravagant lifestyle funded by high taxes. His rule marked the peak of French absolutism. In England, conflicts between monarchs and Parliament led to civil war and the execution of Charles I, establishing Parliament's supremacy over the king and creating a limited constitutional monarchy.
Absolutism 1
This document discusses different forms of government throughout history including:
1) Mercantilism which funded absolutism.
2) Absolutism where monarchs claimed divine right to rule with total power such as Louis XIV of France, called the "Sun King", and Peter the Great of Russia who modernized the country.
3) Examples of absolute rulers seeking to centralize power and westernize their empires through new policies, building projects, and military campaigns.
Mongols
1. The Mongols were nomadic tribes from eastern Asia that were unified under Genghis Khan in the early 13th century.
2. Genghis Khan and his descendants used innovative military tactics and technology to build a vast empire stretching from Eastern Europe to East Asia.
3. At its peak, the Mongol Empire was divided into four khanates and imposed stability along the Silk Road, though they also spread plague across their territories.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
Geography of Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography of Africa. It notes that Africa is the second largest continent, covering around 11.7 million square miles. Key geographical features discussed include the Sahara Desert, which covers about 1/3 of the continent; savannas, which make up 50% of Africa and contain most wildlife; and plateaus, which cover Africa's interior. Major rivers like the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi are also mentioned. The document provides details on the Victoria Falls and the Great Rift Valley.
Ancient American Pre-Columbian Civilization
The document summarizes three major pre-Columbian civilizations: the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. It provides details on the location, religion, achievements, and possible reasons for decline for each civilization. The Mayans inhabited northern Central America and had a sophisticated writing system and calendar. The Aztecs ruled central Mexico from their capital of Tenochtitlan and practiced human sacrifice. The Incas built an extensive road system and impressive stone structures in the Andes Mountains. All three civilizations declined following the arrival of European explorers and colonizers like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro.
Early People
The document discusses early human history from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Revolution. [1] The first humans originated in Africa over 2 million years ago during the Paleolithic Age. [2] Paleolithic people were nomadic hunter-gatherers who moved to find food and developed simple tools and weapons. [3] They began developing language, clothing, and spiritual beliefs that included burying the dead with items. [4] One of the earliest known human skeletons was discovered in Africa. [5] During the Neolithic Revolution, humans began settling and farming, leading to cultural diffusion as people migrated across land bridges and by boat.
Features Of Civilization Computer Activity
The document provides instructions for an activity where students will view Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts in a slideshow and identify which features of civilization each artifact exemplifies. It then lists several Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts, providing a brief description and image of each.
Eight Features Of Civ
The document discusses some key features that emerged with the rise of early civilizations along river valleys approximately 5,000 years ago. Cities developed as farmers produced surplus food, leading to larger populations. Central governments formed to ensure food supply and protection, using bureaucratic systems. Rulers also commissioned public works like roads, bridges, and walls. Religion grew more complex with polytheistic beliefs and temple construction. Writing systems were invented to keep records for tasks like taxation and grain storage. Work became specialized rather than general, and social classes developed based on occupations. Art and architecture reflected cultural beliefs and values through religious buildings and governmental displays of strength.
Prehistory
Archaeologists study the lifestyles of prehistoric peoples by excavating artifacts from sites dating before 5000 years ago. Anthropologists examine human cultures through social structures and customs. Paleontologists analyze fossils found in rocks to understand early life forms. Primary sources of information include original documents and objects from the time period, while secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources from further removed perspectives such as publications and commentaries.
Exploration 1
European exploration between 1400-1700 CE was driven by several key factors: the questioning spirit of the Renaissance; the search for a better trade route to Asia to access spices at cheaper prices by cutting out Muslim and Italian middlemen; the desire of Christian missionaries to spread Christianity; and technological improvements like Guttenberg's printing press and advances in navigation that enabled more ambitious voyages.
Spread Of Protestant Reformation
The document summarizes the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It discusses the more radical Anabaptist sect that rejected infant baptism and private property. It then covers the English Reformation under King Henry VIII who broke with the Catholic Church to create the Church of England and had those who refused executed, including Sir Thomas More. Upon Henry's death, his son Edward VI further Protestantized England while his daughter Mary I tried to restore Catholicism and burned hundreds of Protestants. Elizabeth I's settlement compromised between the two faiths.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was an attempt in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Europe. Reformers like Martin Luther wanted to restore faith in the church and questioned the corruption and power of Catholic Church leaders. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation where Europeans broke away from the Catholic Church and formed new Christian denominations like Lutheran and Calvinist churches.
Scientific Revolution
The document summarizes key figures and developments during the Scientific Revolution. It discusses how Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, contradicting the geocentric model. Galileo later confirmed Copernicus' theory using a telescope, though the Catholic Church condemned his findings. Isaac Newton then built upon these ideas by formulating the law of universal gravitation and laws of motion. Overall, the Scientific Revolution involved questioning prior beliefs and relying on experimentation and reasoning to better understand the natural world.
The Renaissance
The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century as a period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Wealthy Italian merchants became patrons of the arts, supporting artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. Their works expanded on classical Greek and Roman styles and emphasized principles like humanism and realistic perspective. The Renaissance spread north over the next hundred years, influencing regions like Germany and the Netherlands.
Middle Ages Review Jeopardy
In the early Middle Ages, there was very little social mobility as people were born into their social class and generally remained in it. Feudalism was a system where land was exchanged for military service. Manorialism was the economic system where land was the basis of wealth. The Roman Empire fell causing Western Europe to enter a Dark Age. The Roman Catholic Church was the central authority that provided unity and stability during the Middle Ages and could excommunicate kings or place interdicts on countries to show its political power over monarchs. Manors in the early Middle Ages were self-sufficient, providing all that people needed.
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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Exploration 2
- 27. What similar problems do we have today? DON’T WRITE
- 38. This has led to a modern era of international trade and global interdependence!