This document provides guidance on performing an abdominal examination. It outlines important components of history to obtain including symptoms like dyspepsia, dysphagia, and altered bowel habits. The examination involves inspecting the abdomen and specific regions, palpating the abdomen and organs like the liver and spleen, performing percussion, and auscultating bowel sounds. Specific techniques for examining each organ are described along with signs to note. The full examination is supported by additional tests as needed.
HOPPING ALLAH ACCEPT MY TRIAL TO HELP OTHERS
TO MY WIFE AND MY KIDS , AIMING TO LEAVE SOME GOOD THINKS IN THIS LIFE AND FOR OUR COUNTRY WHICH IS SCREAMING
MAGDI AWAD SASI
HOPPING ALLAH ACCEPT MY TRIAL TO HELP OTHERS
TO MY WIFE AND MY KIDS , AIMING TO LEAVE SOME GOOD THINKS IN THIS LIFE AND FOR OUR COUNTRY WHICH IS SCREAMING
MAGDI AWAD SASI
Pancreatitis -a detailed study ( medical information )martinshaji
Pancreatitis is the Inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Acute condition of diffuse pancreatic inflammation & auto digestion, presents with abdominal pain, and is usually associated with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in the blood &urine. this is a detailed study pancreatitis describing factors such as definition , epidemiology , etiology , pathophysiology , treatment , prevention , imaging techniques , diagnosis , lab investigations , images , drugs , control etc
please comment
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writes I have a good salary, am married, and have two children. My whole life I've been drawn to prescription and have always enjoyed it. However, I have a unattached in English literature, so I've always put it as unattainable to become a doctor. Now, once again, I'm bearing in mind doing one of the post bac premed programs out there and going for it.
UG CASE PRESENTATION ON INGUINAL HERNIAAyesha Huma
I have added viva notes after this proforma for quick revision of important stuff asked in exam.
LINK FOR EXAMINATION VIDOES :
1. https://youtu.be/uO-w_9w5okI
2. https://youtu.be/Vc_ZH_-Oad4
Brief Presentation on clinical examination of Cardio Vascular System with Report of Normal case
references:
macleod's clinical examination 13th edition
hutchinson clinical methods
Abdomen and liver case presentation by PGKurian Joseph
Abdomen and liver case presentation by PG
Chronic decompensated parenchymal liver disease - cirrhosis with portal hypertension probably of alcoholic etiology with no ascites with no features of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy
To rule out malignancy
Pancreatitis -a detailed study ( medical information )martinshaji
Pancreatitis is the Inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Acute condition of diffuse pancreatic inflammation & auto digestion, presents with abdominal pain, and is usually associated with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in the blood &urine. this is a detailed study pancreatitis describing factors such as definition , epidemiology , etiology , pathophysiology , treatment , prevention , imaging techniques , diagnosis , lab investigations , images , drugs , control etc
please comment
thank u
writes I have a good salary, am married, and have two children. My whole life I've been drawn to prescription and have always enjoyed it. However, I have a unattached in English literature, so I've always put it as unattainable to become a doctor. Now, once again, I'm bearing in mind doing one of the post bac premed programs out there and going for it.
UG CASE PRESENTATION ON INGUINAL HERNIAAyesha Huma
I have added viva notes after this proforma for quick revision of important stuff asked in exam.
LINK FOR EXAMINATION VIDOES :
1. https://youtu.be/uO-w_9w5okI
2. https://youtu.be/Vc_ZH_-Oad4
Brief Presentation on clinical examination of Cardio Vascular System with Report of Normal case
references:
macleod's clinical examination 13th edition
hutchinson clinical methods
Abdomen and liver case presentation by PGKurian Joseph
Abdomen and liver case presentation by PG
Chronic decompensated parenchymal liver disease - cirrhosis with portal hypertension probably of alcoholic etiology with no ascites with no features of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy
To rule out malignancy
Acute Pancreatitis (According to American College of Gastroenterology 2013 gu...Jibran Mohsin
This Presentation focuses on definition, new classification, different scoring systems for severity, rationale for radiological signs and new management recommendations as per 2013 American College of Gastroenterology guidelines
Abdomen and liver case presentations with Question & answersKurian Joseph
Abdomen and liver case with Question & answers
Chronic decompensated parenchymal liver disease - cirrhosis with portal hypertension probably of alcoholic etiology with no ascites with no features of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy
To rule out malignancy
Abdominal Assessment.power point presentationsadiaahmad30
Provide reliable information for abdominal assessment related things and description.
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Approach to right iliac fossa(RIF) painasifiqbal545
Approach to right iliac fossa(RIF) pain.FULL DISCUSSION ON APPENDICITIS WITH OTHER DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF IT. AS WELL AS CLINICAL REASONING DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
7. Quadrants & organs
RUQ- liver, GB, upper pole of R kidney,
hepatic flexure of colon
LUQ- stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper
pole of L kidney, splenic flexure of colon
RLQ- lower pole of R kidney, appendix,
terminal ileum, R colon, R ovary
LLQ- lower pole L kidney, L colon,
L ovary
8. Pre-examination
Comfortable room & couch
Adequate light
Patient lying supine
Adequate exposure
Examiner’s hand at the level of patient’s
abdomen
10. Inspection
Shape- scaphoid, normal, distended
Umbilicus- shape, inverted/everted
Movements- normal or restricted,
pulsation, visible peristalsis
Striae or scars
Prominent veins
Genitalia & groin
11. Palpation
Relaxed patient & abdominal wall
Start from the point farthest from
possible area of involvement
e.g. for liver start from LLQ
& for spleen from RLQ
Palpate whole abdomen in an order
12. Special techniques
Deep palpation- in obese, muscular or
poorly relaxed
Dipping- tense ascites
Bimanual- for kidney & spleen
Ballotable- kidney
Shifting dullness & fluid thrill- for ascitis
13. It helps
Spleen
L hypochondrium
Grows towards RLQ
Upper border not
reached
Moves with respiration
Medial notch
Not ballotable
Dull on percussion
L kidney
Renal angle posteriorly
Grows towards LLQ
Upper border reachable
Restricted mobility
No notch
Ballotable
Colon overlying on
percussion
14. Liver
RUQ
Moves with respiration
Tender or not?
Edge- soft, firm, hard
Surface- smooth, nodular
Pulsatile in TR
Confirm span by percussion
15. Gall bladder
Underlies liver in RUQ
Moves with respiration
Usually not palpable
Tender- Murphy’s sign- +ve in acute
cholecystitis
Palpable GB- mucocoele, cancer,
CBD obstruction
16. Urinary bladder
Midline, suprapubic
Usually not palpable
When palpable- smooth, symmetrical,
lower border not reached,
Urge to micturate on palpation
Dull on percussion
17. Percussion
Only light percussion required
Resonant note allover, except over liver
where it is dull
Used to confirm liver or spleen or
bladder enlargement & ascitis
18. Auscultation
Paraumbilical
For bowel sounds or bruit
Normal BS- intermittent gurgles
interspersed with tinkles
Increased- intestinal obstruction
Decreased- paralytic ileus
Bruit- over aorta, iliac/renal arteries
19. Don’t forget
Groin- LNE, hernia
Male genitalia
PR examination- for local pathology,
prostate examination in males