13 blindness
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Blindness is defined as the absence of light perception and can be partial or complete. It has several causes including congenital defects, diseases like diabetes and glaucoma, accidents, and complications of eye surgery or premature birth. Blindness is assessed by examining visual acuity, visual fields, contrast sensitivity, and refraction, and is managed using low-vision aids like magnifiers, telescopes, and electronic reading systems, as well as large print materials and writing aids. Surgeries and transplantation are also used in some cases.
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12. blindness
1) Blindness can be defined and categorized in different ways such as total blindness, functional blindness, and legal blindness which refers to central visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
2) The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, glaucoma, trachoma, and childhood blindness. In developed countries, common causes include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, accidents, and glaucoma.
3) Management of blindness involves mobility training, use of assistive devices like long canes and guide dogs, reading aids such as magnifiers and braille, and adaptive technology including screen readers and refreshable braille displays.
Blindness
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in India, accounting for 62.6% of cases. The number of blind people in India is projected to increase to 31.6 million by 2020. Blindness can be caused by infection, nutritional deficiency, retinal vessel disease, or chemical poisoning. Types of blindness include color blindness, night blindness, snow blindness, complete blindness, and temporary or permanent blindness of one or both eyes. Blindness is diagnosed through history, physical exam, and ophthalmoscopy. Management includes correcting refractive errors, cataract and glaucoma surgery, laser surgery, guide dogs, Braille, and techniques using sound, touch, and smell.
Cataract - Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Cataract - Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Definition & picture
Risk factors
Types
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic studies
Medical management
Surgical Management
NUrsing Management
Blindness
1) Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 or inability to count fingers at 3 meters. It affects 180 million people worldwide, of whom 45 million are blind.
2) Cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), and trachoma (5.6 million) are the leading causes of blindness globally. In India, cataract causes 62.6% of blindness.
3) Prevention programs focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific initiatives for conditions like trachoma and school eye health services. The goal is to reduce blindness prevalence through improved access to eye care.
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the sensory retina. There are four main types: rhegmatogenous, traction, exudative, and a combination. Rhegmatogenous detachment occurs when a hole or tear develops in the sensory retina, allowing fluid to pass through and separate the layers. Risk factors include increasing age, high nearsightedness, eye trauma, and certain eye conditions. Diagnosis involves examination of the eye and sometimes ultrasound imaging. Treatment options are laser photocoagulation to seal retinal breaks, cryotherapy, vitrectomy surgery, or draining subretinal fluids depending on the type and severity of detachment.
Cataract
This document discusses cataracts, including their definition, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, management, and complications. Cataracts are an opacity of the lens that can impair vision. The most common type is age-related senile cataracts, which usually begin around age 50. Risk factors include aging, UV exposure, diabetes, corticosteroid use, and trauma. Diagnosis involves visual acuity and slit lamp tests. Treatment is surgical removal of the clouded lens and replacement with an intraocular lens. Complications can include infection, bleeding, and posterior capsule opacification.
11. ocular emergencies and their prevention
This document provides information about ocular emergencies for student nurses, including objectives, classifications of emergencies, top ten emergencies, symptoms, and management of issues like chemical injuries, foreign bodies, and trauma. It aims to help students recognize, assess, diagnose, and properly treat ocular emergencies to prevent vision loss. The top ten emergencies covered include ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, nerve palsy, corneal infections, open globe injuries, glaucoma, endophthalmitis, alkali injuries, and orbital cellulitis.
Blindness and its management
The document discusses visually handicapped and visually challenged individuals. It defines different types of blindness from complete blindness to mild or moderate vision impairment. The leading causes of vision loss globally are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts. Some key causes of blindness include glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and certain eye diseases. Symptoms may include cloudy vision, inability to see shapes, or poor night vision. Blindness is diagnosed through eye exams and can sometimes be treated through glasses, surgery, medication or learning adaptive skills depending on the cause and severity of vision loss.
Recommended
12. blindness
1) Blindness can be defined and categorized in different ways such as total blindness, functional blindness, and legal blindness which refers to central visual acuity of 20/200 or less.
2) The leading causes of blindness worldwide are cataracts, glaucoma, trachoma, and childhood blindness. In developed countries, common causes include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, accidents, and glaucoma.
3) Management of blindness involves mobility training, use of assistive devices like long canes and guide dogs, reading aids such as magnifiers and braille, and adaptive technology including screen readers and refreshable braille displays.
Blindness
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in India, accounting for 62.6% of cases. The number of blind people in India is projected to increase to 31.6 million by 2020. Blindness can be caused by infection, nutritional deficiency, retinal vessel disease, or chemical poisoning. Types of blindness include color blindness, night blindness, snow blindness, complete blindness, and temporary or permanent blindness of one or both eyes. Blindness is diagnosed through history, physical exam, and ophthalmoscopy. Management includes correcting refractive errors, cataract and glaucoma surgery, laser surgery, guide dogs, Braille, and techniques using sound, touch, and smell.
Cataract - Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Cataract - Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Definition & picture
Risk factors
Types
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic studies
Medical management
Surgical Management
NUrsing Management
Blindness
1) Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 or inability to count fingers at 3 meters. It affects 180 million people worldwide, of whom 45 million are blind.
2) Cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), and trachoma (5.6 million) are the leading causes of blindness globally. In India, cataract causes 62.6% of blindness.
3) Prevention programs focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary eye care as well as specific initiatives for conditions like trachoma and school eye health services. The goal is to reduce blindness prevalence through improved access to eye care.
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the sensory retina. There are four main types: rhegmatogenous, traction, exudative, and a combination. Rhegmatogenous detachment occurs when a hole or tear develops in the sensory retina, allowing fluid to pass through and separate the layers. Risk factors include increasing age, high nearsightedness, eye trauma, and certain eye conditions. Diagnosis involves examination of the eye and sometimes ultrasound imaging. Treatment options are laser photocoagulation to seal retinal breaks, cryotherapy, vitrectomy surgery, or draining subretinal fluids depending on the type and severity of detachment.
Cataract
This document discusses cataracts, including their definition, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, management, and complications. Cataracts are an opacity of the lens that can impair vision. The most common type is age-related senile cataracts, which usually begin around age 50. Risk factors include aging, UV exposure, diabetes, corticosteroid use, and trauma. Diagnosis involves visual acuity and slit lamp tests. Treatment is surgical removal of the clouded lens and replacement with an intraocular lens. Complications can include infection, bleeding, and posterior capsule opacification.
11. ocular emergencies and their prevention
This document provides information about ocular emergencies for student nurses, including objectives, classifications of emergencies, top ten emergencies, symptoms, and management of issues like chemical injuries, foreign bodies, and trauma. It aims to help students recognize, assess, diagnose, and properly treat ocular emergencies to prevent vision loss. The top ten emergencies covered include ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, nerve palsy, corneal infections, open globe injuries, glaucoma, endophthalmitis, alkali injuries, and orbital cellulitis.
Blindness and its management
The document discusses visually handicapped and visually challenged individuals. It defines different types of blindness from complete blindness to mild or moderate vision impairment. The leading causes of vision loss globally are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts. Some key causes of blindness include glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and certain eye diseases. Symptoms may include cloudy vision, inability to see shapes, or poor night vision. Blindness is diagnosed through eye exams and can sometimes be treated through glasses, surgery, medication or learning adaptive skills depending on the cause and severity of vision loss.
Retinal detachment presentation
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
Blindness
Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 by Snellen's chart. Globally, it is estimated that 180 million people are visually impaired, of which 45 million are blind. In India, 68 lakh people are blind according to WHO statistics. The major causes of blindness globally are cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), trachoma (5.7 million), and childhood blindness (more than 1.5 million). In India, the primary causes are cataract (62.6%), refractive errors (19.7%), and glaucoma (5.8%). The National Program for Control of Blindness aims to reduce blindness to 0.3%
Retinal detachment new
Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina peels away from its underlying supportive tissue layer. It can cause permanent vision loss if not repaired soon. The summary examines the risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for retinal detachment. Surgical methods like scleral buckling, cryopexy, laser photocoagulation, pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy aim to reattach the retina. Prompt treatment usually leads to vision improvement, though the prognosis depends on factors like macula involvement and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Post-operative care and home management are important to monitor for complications and aid recovery.
Conjunctivitis for Nurses- Easy Explanation
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and inner surface of the eyelid. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, allergies, or chemicals. Symptoms include redness, swelling, watering eyes, and thick yellow discharge. Diagnosis is based on distinctive signs seen under a slit lamp and confirmation via smear or culture tests. Treatment depends on the cause, such as antibiotics for bacterial pink eye or corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis. Prevention involves proper hand washing and not sharing personal items.
Eye bank
The National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was launched in India in 1976 with the objective of promoting eye banking activities. The goals are to reduce blindness prevalence and establish infrastructure to meet annual new blindness cases. Eye banks are non-profit organizations that collect, store, and distribute corneas for transplantation, research, and supplying other eye tissues. They have medical and administrative sections and require facilities, trained staff, and a nationwide network for optimal corneal utilization. Consent from next of kin is required for eye donation which helps restore vision through transplantation.
Catract
This document provides information on cataracts, including:
1. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye that impairs vision and can become blinding if untreated. They typically progress slowly and affect both eyes.
2. Cataracts have many causes including aging, trauma, radiation exposure, certain medical conditions like diabetes, and genetic factors.
3. Treatment options range from glasses and medications to slow progression, to surgical removal of the clouded lens, usually done on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. Post-operative care focuses on preventing infection and complications.
Refractive error
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye does not bend light correctly, causing blurred vision. The main types are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (age-related blurring of near vision), and astigmatism (abnormal corneal curvature). Refractive errors can result from factors like infection, injury, genetics, aging, or previous eye surgery. Diagnosis involves testing like retinoscopy and tonometry, while treatment may include eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery procedures like LASIK. Nursing care focuses on safely administering treatments and monitoring patients for side effects and complications.
Refractive errors
This document discusses various types of refractive errors including myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations including history, slit lamp exam, and tonometry, and management including pharmacological treatments, and surgical procedures like LASIK and LASEK. Nursing management focuses on safely administering treatments, monitoring vitals, and observing patients for side effects and responses to treatment.
Blindness Prevention and Control
The document discusses blindness, including its definition, categories of visual impairment, major causes, and the problem statement. It covers changing concepts in healthcare with regards to eye care and prevention of blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention methods. The Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized. Major causes of blindness in India are discussed, along with epidemiological determinants and methods of intervention through primary, secondary and tertiary care. Specific prevention programs like trachoma control, vitamin A prophylaxis and occupational eye health services are highlighted.
Rehabilitation of blindness
This document summarizes rehabilitation for blindness. It defines blindness as visual acuity less than 3/60 or visual field loss of less than 10 degrees in the better eye. Rehabilitation aims to restore functional ability and independence for those who have lost vision. Types of rehabilitation include educational, vocational, and training for daily activities and mobility using methods like Braille, audio technology, and mobility aids. The document also lists organizations supporting the blind and examples of innovative technologies to help blind individuals navigate and experience the world.
Prevention of blindness
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
Cataract
- A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye that prevents clear vision. It begins as proteins clump together in the lens.
- Risk factors include increasing age, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, previous eye injuries or inflammation, corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficiencies.
- There are several types of cataracts including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and congenital. Modern cataract surgery involves breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasonic technology and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens.
Glaucoma
A group of eye disorders, glaucoma is characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world and is the leading cause of blindness among adults in the United States.
Glaucoma may occur as primary or congenital disease or secondary to other causes, such as injury, infection, surgery, or prolonged use of topical corticosteroids.
Primary glaucoma has mainly two forms :
1. Open angle glaucoma ( chronic, simple, or wide angle glaucoma)
2. Angle –closure glaucoma( Acute or narrow angle glaucoma)
Angle –closure glaucoma occurs suddenly and may cause permanent or irreversible vision loss in 48 to 72 hours.
Eye banking
The document discusses eye banking and corneal transplantation. It provides a brief history and overview of eye banking milestones. An eye bank collects, stores, and distributes corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneas can be stored short term in a moist chamber or intermediate term in storage media like McCarey-Kaufman medium, K-Sol medium, or Dexol medium to extend the storage period. The eye bank process involves donor selection and screening, tissue retrieval through enucleation or corneo-scleral excision, examination and testing of the corneal tissue, transportation, and storage prior to distribution.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure. The seminar discussed the definition, types, risk factors, diagnostic measures, management, and nursing care of glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Treatment involves medications, laser surgery, or filtering procedures to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Nursing plays an important role in assessing patients, administering treatments, educating about risk factors and complications like vision loss.
Deafness
This document discusses deafness and hearing loss. It defines types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It outlines causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Rinne's test and Weber's test, prevention, and management including hearing aids, cochlear implants, aural rehabilitation, and surgery. Nursing care focuses on assessing hearing ability, effective communication strategies, teaching use of assistive devices, and allowing patients to process their emotions related to hearing loss.
Eyelid infections ppt
1. The document discusses various eyelid infections, tumors, and deformities. It defines eyelid infections as any abnormal condition affecting the eyelids and describes common infections like blepharitis, hordeolum, and chalazion.
2. The document also covers different types of eyelid tumors, separating them into benign tumors like nevus, hemangioma, and papilloma, and malignant tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
3. Eyelid deformities discussed include entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, and ptosis. Causes, signs, and treatments are provided for each condition.
eye Banking.pdf
This document discusses eye banking, which involves obtaining, evaluating, and distributing eye tissue for transplantation, research, and education. It is done by non-profit organizations called eye banks. The functions of eye banks include collecting, storing, and distributing donor cornea for corneal grafting and supplying eye tissues to other eye banks and for research. National Eye Donation Fortnight is observed every year in August and September to promote awareness of eye donation. Eye banks are responsible for collecting donor corneas, processing them, and distributing them to corneal graft surgeons. They are regulated and part of the local health system.
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, chemicals, or other irritants. Common symptoms include eye redness, discharge, itching, and tearing. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, allergy medication, or simply allowing a viral infection to run its course. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of contagious conjunctivitis.
Glaucoma
1. Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage that can lead to vision loss.
2. Risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, eye injuries or abnormalities.
3. Treatment involves lifelong use of eye drops or surgery to lower pressure and prevent further vision loss.
Retinal detachment
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the underlying layer of the eye. It can cause vision loss if not treated. Risk factors include severe nearsightedness, prior eye surgery or injury, family history, and activities that increase intraocular pressure. Symptoms include flashes of light, floaters, and blurred or lost vision. Diagnosis involves eye exams like ultrasound or ophthalmoscopy. Treatment depends on the type of detachment but may include cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, scleral buckling surgery, pneumatic retinopexy, or vitrectomy. With treatment, retinal detachment can be successfully repaired in 85-95% of cases to restore vision.
Presentation blindness
The document discusses bats and their ability to use echolocation to catch insects at night. It notes that bats emit rapidly beating cries and listen to the echoes to detect prey. A similar human analog is a blind person tapping with a cane to sense their environment through sound. The document also mentions that bats and other animals like dolphins have sonar abilities that rival or surpass modern radar and sonar technology.
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Retinal detachment presentation
complete information about the retinal detachment , types, , symptoms , sign, etiology, causes, diagnosis, complications, medical management, nursing management, home care, patient teaching. nursing reserch.
Blindness
Blindness is defined as visual acuity less than 3/60 by Snellen's chart. Globally, it is estimated that 180 million people are visually impaired, of which 45 million are blind. In India, 68 lakh people are blind according to WHO statistics. The major causes of blindness globally are cataract (19 million), glaucoma (6.4 million), trachoma (5.7 million), and childhood blindness (more than 1.5 million). In India, the primary causes are cataract (62.6%), refractive errors (19.7%), and glaucoma (5.8%). The National Program for Control of Blindness aims to reduce blindness to 0.3%
Retinal detachment new
Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina peels away from its underlying supportive tissue layer. It can cause permanent vision loss if not repaired soon. The summary examines the risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for retinal detachment. Surgical methods like scleral buckling, cryopexy, laser photocoagulation, pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy aim to reattach the retina. Prompt treatment usually leads to vision improvement, though the prognosis depends on factors like macula involvement and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Post-operative care and home management are important to monitor for complications and aid recovery.
Conjunctivitis for Nurses- Easy Explanation
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and inner surface of the eyelid. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, allergies, or chemicals. Symptoms include redness, swelling, watering eyes, and thick yellow discharge. Diagnosis is based on distinctive signs seen under a slit lamp and confirmation via smear or culture tests. Treatment depends on the cause, such as antibiotics for bacterial pink eye or corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis. Prevention involves proper hand washing and not sharing personal items.
Eye bank
The National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was launched in India in 1976 with the objective of promoting eye banking activities. The goals are to reduce blindness prevalence and establish infrastructure to meet annual new blindness cases. Eye banks are non-profit organizations that collect, store, and distribute corneas for transplantation, research, and supplying other eye tissues. They have medical and administrative sections and require facilities, trained staff, and a nationwide network for optimal corneal utilization. Consent from next of kin is required for eye donation which helps restore vision through transplantation.
Catract
This document provides information on cataracts, including:
1. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye that impairs vision and can become blinding if untreated. They typically progress slowly and affect both eyes.
2. Cataracts have many causes including aging, trauma, radiation exposure, certain medical conditions like diabetes, and genetic factors.
3. Treatment options range from glasses and medications to slow progression, to surgical removal of the clouded lens, usually done on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia. Post-operative care focuses on preventing infection and complications.
Refractive error
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye does not bend light correctly, causing blurred vision. The main types are myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), presbyopia (age-related blurring of near vision), and astigmatism (abnormal corneal curvature). Refractive errors can result from factors like infection, injury, genetics, aging, or previous eye surgery. Diagnosis involves testing like retinoscopy and tonometry, while treatment may include eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery procedures like LASIK. Nursing care focuses on safely administering treatments and monitoring patients for side effects and complications.
Refractive errors
This document discusses various types of refractive errors including myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnostic evaluations including history, slit lamp exam, and tonometry, and management including pharmacological treatments, and surgical procedures like LASIK and LASEK. Nursing management focuses on safely administering treatments, monitoring vitals, and observing patients for side effects and responses to treatment.
Blindness Prevention and Control
The document discusses blindness, including its definition, categories of visual impairment, major causes, and the problem statement. It covers changing concepts in healthcare with regards to eye care and prevention of blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention methods. The Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized. Major causes of blindness in India are discussed, along with epidemiological determinants and methods of intervention through primary, secondary and tertiary care. Specific prevention programs like trachoma control, vitamin A prophylaxis and occupational eye health services are highlighted.
Rehabilitation of blindness
This document summarizes rehabilitation for blindness. It defines blindness as visual acuity less than 3/60 or visual field loss of less than 10 degrees in the better eye. Rehabilitation aims to restore functional ability and independence for those who have lost vision. Types of rehabilitation include educational, vocational, and training for daily activities and mobility using methods like Braille, audio technology, and mobility aids. The document also lists organizations supporting the blind and examples of innovative technologies to help blind individuals navigate and experience the world.
Prevention of blindness
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
Cataract
- A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye that prevents clear vision. It begins as proteins clump together in the lens.
- Risk factors include increasing age, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, previous eye injuries or inflammation, corticosteroid use, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficiencies.
- There are several types of cataracts including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and congenital. Modern cataract surgery involves breaking up and removing the clouded lens using ultrasonic technology and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens.
Glaucoma
A group of eye disorders, glaucoma is characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world and is the leading cause of blindness among adults in the United States.
Glaucoma may occur as primary or congenital disease or secondary to other causes, such as injury, infection, surgery, or prolonged use of topical corticosteroids.
Primary glaucoma has mainly two forms :
1. Open angle glaucoma ( chronic, simple, or wide angle glaucoma)
2. Angle –closure glaucoma( Acute or narrow angle glaucoma)
Angle –closure glaucoma occurs suddenly and may cause permanent or irreversible vision loss in 48 to 72 hours.
Eye banking
The document discusses eye banking and corneal transplantation. It provides a brief history and overview of eye banking milestones. An eye bank collects, stores, and distributes corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneas can be stored short term in a moist chamber or intermediate term in storage media like McCarey-Kaufman medium, K-Sol medium, or Dexol medium to extend the storage period. The eye bank process involves donor selection and screening, tissue retrieval through enucleation or corneo-scleral excision, examination and testing of the corneal tissue, transportation, and storage prior to distribution.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by optic nerve damage and vision loss caused by increased intraocular pressure. The seminar discussed the definition, types, risk factors, diagnostic measures, management, and nursing care of glaucoma. Primary open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and results from impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. Treatment involves medications, laser surgery, or filtering procedures to lower pressure and prevent further nerve damage. Nursing plays an important role in assessing patients, administering treatments, educating about risk factors and complications like vision loss.
Deafness
This document discusses deafness and hearing loss. It defines types of hearing loss such as conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. It outlines causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic tests including Rinne's test and Weber's test, prevention, and management including hearing aids, cochlear implants, aural rehabilitation, and surgery. Nursing care focuses on assessing hearing ability, effective communication strategies, teaching use of assistive devices, and allowing patients to process their emotions related to hearing loss.
Eyelid infections ppt
1. The document discusses various eyelid infections, tumors, and deformities. It defines eyelid infections as any abnormal condition affecting the eyelids and describes common infections like blepharitis, hordeolum, and chalazion.
2. The document also covers different types of eyelid tumors, separating them into benign tumors like nevus, hemangioma, and papilloma, and malignant tumors like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
3. Eyelid deformities discussed include entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, and ptosis. Causes, signs, and treatments are provided for each condition.
eye Banking.pdf
This document discusses eye banking, which involves obtaining, evaluating, and distributing eye tissue for transplantation, research, and education. It is done by non-profit organizations called eye banks. The functions of eye banks include collecting, storing, and distributing donor cornea for corneal grafting and supplying eye tissues to other eye banks and for research. National Eye Donation Fortnight is observed every year in August and September to promote awareness of eye donation. Eye banks are responsible for collecting donor corneas, processing them, and distributing them to corneal graft surgeons. They are regulated and part of the local health system.
Conjunctivitis
This document discusses conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye. It defines conjunctivitis as an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, chemicals, or other irritants. Common symptoms include eye redness, discharge, itching, and tearing. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, allergy medication, or simply allowing a viral infection to run its course. Good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of contagious conjunctivitis.
Glaucoma
1. Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage that can lead to vision loss.
2. Risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, eye injuries or abnormalities.
3. Treatment involves lifelong use of eye drops or surgery to lower pressure and prevent further vision loss.
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Presentation blindness
The document discusses bats and their ability to use echolocation to catch insects at night. It notes that bats emit rapidly beating cries and listen to the echoes to detect prey. A similar human analog is a blind person tapping with a cane to sense their environment through sound. The document also mentions that bats and other animals like dolphins have sonar abilities that rival or surpass modern radar and sonar technology.
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The document outlines the National Prevention of Blindness Program which aims to eliminate avoidable blindness in the Philippines by 2020 in accordance with the global VISION 2020 initiative. It identifies the top three preventable causes of blindness - cataract, refractive errors, and childhood blindness. The program's vision is for all Filipinos to enjoy the right to sight by 2020 through strengthening partnerships, empowering communities, providing quality eye care, and alleviating poverty by restoring sight. Key objectives include increasing cataract surgeries and reducing visual impairment from refractive errors and childhood blindness.
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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and results in gradual vision loss. It is usually caused by elevated fluid pressure in the eye. There are two main types - open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for 90% of cases, and closed-angle glaucoma. Glaucoma has no early symptoms but can be diagnosed through tests of eye pressure, optic nerve examination, visual field testing, and angle evaluation. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on medication or surgery to lower pressure and prevent further vision loss.
6 cataract
1. Cataracts are opacities or cloudiness in the lens of the eye that impair vision. They are most commonly age-related but can be caused by eye injuries, medical conditions like diabetes, or exposure to radiation.
2. Symptoms include reduced visual acuity, glare, distorted vision, and difficulty seeing colors. Examination reveals a dim red reflex and opacity visible through a slit lamp.
3. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the cloudy lens, most commonly through phacoemulsification which uses ultrasound to break up the lens for removal. Post-operative care involves steroid and antibiotic eye drops. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, inflammation, and refractive errors.
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Aaron
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Global Blindness: VISION 2020: The right to sight
Global Blindness: VISION 2020: The right to sightInternational Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
In the mid 1990s it was projected that the magnitude of global blindness would double, from 38 million in 1990 to 76 million by 2020. This projection was based on service levels available at the time and the anticipated population growth and ageing across the world. It highlighted that immediate action was required. In this presentation we look at how programmes have been implemented in order to address the growing burden of visual impairment and introduce VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, the global initiative to end avoidable blindness.
© 2016 International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
Taken from the free online course: Global Blindness: Planning and Managing Eye Care Services. We encourage the use and adaptation of this resource for teaching and learning. Find more Open Educational Resources for eye care on our website at http://iceh.lshtm.ac.uk/oer What is acoustic neuroma?
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Compassion for a blind man
John 9:1-12
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Corneal blindness in a southern indian population [autosaved]
This document summarizes a study on corneal blindness in southern India. The study assessed the prevalence and causes of corneal blindness by examining over 10,000 people across both rural and urban areas. The prevalence of corneal blindness was found to be 0.66% (1 in 150 people). The leading causes were childhood keratitis due to vitamin A deficiency, trauma from work or play, and corneal scarring. Most cases were preventable through improved nutrition, safety measures, and health promotion programs targeting at-risk groups. The document calls for strategies like keratoplasty and eye banking to help rehabilitate those already blinded and reduce the prevalence of preventable corneal blindness in India.
Disorder Of The Eyes
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Spiritual Blindness
Why we do not see God’s Presence in our lives? We do not see or perceive God’s Presence is because we don’t always seek God with our whole heart, we don’t purse God with repentant hearts, we are looking for the wrong kind of God, our God is too small or we are looking in the wrong places. Opening our spiritual eyes depends on Lordship of Jesus Christ, understanding and applying the Bible, prayer and spiritual companions.
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- 1. BLINDNESS
- 2. DEFINITION Blindness is the absence of light Perception. It may be partial or complete
- 3. TYPES Partial blindness - have very limited vision. Complete blindness - cannot see anything and do not see light.
- 4. Causes • Congenital /Developmental defect • The leading causes are diabetes, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and accidents (such as chemical burns or sports injuries). • Worldwide, the leading causes of blindness are cataracts, trachoma, leprosy, and vitamin A deficiency. Other causes include: • Blocked blood vessels • Complications of premature birth (retrolental fibroplasia) • Complications of eye surgery
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