Closed ocular trauma from blunt force can damage the eye internally without leaving external injuries. Symptoms may not appear for years, including vision problems, light sensitivity, and double vision. Thorough vision screening is important for trauma patients, as 64% have undiagnosed vision loss. Symptoms range from color blindness to phantom visions in 20% of patients. Low vision rehabilitation helps patients cope through magnifiers, lighting adjustments, and using other senses to aid activities like reading and mobility. Proper assessment is needed to diagnose and treat vision effects of closed ocular trauma.
Cataract surgery is the most common surgery that we perform on a outpatient basis. Evaluation of the patient is critical and essential for a desirable visual outcome.
Cataract surgery is the most common surgery that we perform on a outpatient basis. Evaluation of the patient is critical and essential for a desirable visual outcome.
Optometry's Role in Laser Vision Correctioncoakleylincoln
Although optometrists do not perform laser vision correction here in the United States, they can still provide a valuable role in this procedure that is gaining unprecedented popularity.
Protocol for differential diagnosis of common ocular diseasesPuneet
This contains Protocol for differential diagnosis of common ocular diseases. useful for all eyecare practitioners for diagnosing Ocular conditions correctly and easily.
Management of Cataract for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of diagnosis of cataract, evaluation of a case of cataract and various modalities of treatment of cataract.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE.
This is a video about eye laser treatment, particularly LASIK. It was made to inform you about the procedure as well as what to look for when choosing clinics and doctors.
Watch the video and learn all the vital information about this life-changing treatment in 4 minutes!
Optometry's Role in Laser Vision Correctioncoakleylincoln
Although optometrists do not perform laser vision correction here in the United States, they can still provide a valuable role in this procedure that is gaining unprecedented popularity.
Protocol for differential diagnosis of common ocular diseasesPuneet
This contains Protocol for differential diagnosis of common ocular diseases. useful for all eyecare practitioners for diagnosing Ocular conditions correctly and easily.
Management of Cataract for undergraduate MBBS Students.
Covers the basics of diagnosis of cataract, evaluation of a case of cataract and various modalities of treatment of cataract.
Also encompasses salient points for PGMEE.
This is a video about eye laser treatment, particularly LASIK. It was made to inform you about the procedure as well as what to look for when choosing clinics and doctors.
Watch the video and learn all the vital information about this life-changing treatment in 4 minutes!
Low vision rehabilitation in patients with retinal dystrophyAmrit Pokharel
The presentation I have made and uploaded provides you with an in-depth insight into the rehabilitation of patients with retinal dystrophy on the part of LOW VSION. It also details the features the patients present with and specific tests that are launched.
The author does not assume responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.
No copyright infringement, or plagiarism intended.
Amrit Pokharel
285 milion people around the world are blind or visually impaired.
About 80% of these cases are avoidable.
Poorer population are more affected.
90% of these patients lives in developing countries.
Glaucoma slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete information about glaucoma eye disease contain detail of definition ,classification, types, pathophysiology, risk factor, causes, medical management ,nursing management, drug therapy, nursing process . for medical students, made by students of basic bsc nursing RIMS students
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
3. CLOSED-OCULARTRAUMA IN
TERMS OF VISION&
OPTOMETRY
•
• Screening for Vision Loss TRAUMA
• Symptoms of Ocular Trauma
• Phantom Vision With Ocular Trauma
• Ocular Traumatic Vision Loss in
with post traumtic Brain Injury
•
•
4. CLOSED OCULAR TRAUMA
Blunt force can hurt the eye without
piercing it. These ''closed-eye injuries'' are
difficult to diagnose because there's no
obvious injury to the outside of the eye. But
inside, blunt force can damage the cornea,
retina, lens, and optic nerves. Sometimes,
vision problems from ocular trauma don't
show up for one to three years after it
happens, May not know that they have eye
damage until they have an eye exam or
start having vision problems .
5. VISION&CLOSEDTRAUMA
A Simple eye chart test cannot always
diagnose ocular trauma. Persons able to
see well, although they have other visual
symptoms. More thorough vision
screenings are needed for victims with
traumatic brain injury. Patient with closed
traumaat Walter Reed Army Medical
Center who have had traumatic brain injury
within two years now have screenings for
vision loss. The Center's staff found that
64% of these patients have vision
6. Mines/quriees conducting blast, here
fujarahmore significant we have more in
the mountain /rural area they are more
likely to be severely shaken by a blast from
these explosive device to workers
For veterans returning from war in Iraq and
Afghanistan, vision problems caused by
traumatic brain injury are a growing
concern
7. Symptoms of Ocular Trauma
Blast-related ocular trauma may start as
color blindness and become more
severe. Other symptoms
visionproblems:
• Light sensitivity
• Eye strain&Headaches
• Double visionDizziness
• Problems with depth perception&Poor
balance
8. Phantom Vision With Ocular
Trauma
• Phantom Vision With Ocular Trauma
• 20% of people with ocular trauma also
have Charles Bonnet syndrome or
"phantom vision" in which they see
hallucinations. People may be afraid to
mention that they see visions, so doctors
and family members should ask about
them.
9. Phantom Vision With Ocular
Trauma { Continuation}
• Sometimes it can be difficult to separate
hallucinations from physical reality.
• Strangers or familiar people sitting at
homeAnimals in the closet
• Realistic objects that are out of place,
such as a double-decker bus
• Blurry colors&Strange shapes
• These are not ghost or superstitious
things
10. Vets with Traumatic Brain
Injury
• A simple eye chart test cannot always
diagnose ocular trauma. Veterans may still
be able to see well, although they have
other visual symptoms. More thorough
vision screenings are needed for veterans
with traumatic brain injury. All soldiers at
Walter Reed Army Medical Center who
have had traumatic brain injury within two
years now have screenings for vision loss.
The Center's staff found that 64% of these
soldiers have vision problems
11. Steps to cope
The care specialists at intermediate low
vision clinics help victims touse the vision
they have. Therapy may include
positioning devices and special lighting.
The aim is to them in reading, writing,
finding signs, cooking, and managing
medicines. Advanced low vision clinics
help patient to move around and find
their way independently. Specialists also
help them to use their hearing and other
senses more effectively, which can be
very helpful when traveling.
12. Process Flow
• Reciving the
patient
• History taking
• Charting
vision
• refraction
• ANTERIOR
CHAMBER
• POSTERIOR
• LENS
• RETINA
PHYSCIAN
OPTOMET
RIST
NURSE
13. Low vision exam
• The Low Vision Examination begins with
an extensive history. Special emphasis is
placed on the functional problems of the
patient including such items as vision to
read, functioning in the kitchen, glare
problems, travel vision, the workplace,
television viewing, school requirements,
etc. It will also include a careful review of
your ocular and medical history
14. Vision in chronic
closedtraumapatient
Careful measurements be made of the
visual acuity using low vision test charts
followed by low vision refraction. Charts
include a larger range of letters to more
accurately determine a starting point for
measurement of low vision.
It determines the measurement of the
patient's prescription by special
techniques changing the lighting levels,
testing through filters and using larger
changes which may be easier for view
15. VISION TEST continuation
• Additional understanding of the patient’s
Functional vision can be obtained through
the use of the Amsler grid, contrast
sensitivity, the laser-scanning
ophthalmoscope, visual evoked potential
and electroretinogram. Contrast sensitivity
tests the eye’s ability to discriminate subtle
changes in vision rather than the absolute
black-on-white contrast of a visual acuity
chart.
16. VISION TEST
. Contrast sensitivity is a better predictor of
real world functioning.[v]
The use of a
laser-scanning ophthalmoscope allows
one to plot the precise area used by the
patient with central retinal damage.[vi]
The
visual evoked potential or VEP, a form of
electroencephalogram, shows an
increasing role in the assessment of
patients with a brain injury.[vii]
Electroretinograms are helpful in the
differential diagnosis of many retinal
diseases and traumatic effects.[viii]
17. VISION EFFECTS
• While visual field testing is used to
diagnose ocular and neurological effects,
it can also predict how the low vision
patient may function in day-to-day
activities and how well the patient may
respond to various rehabilitative
approaches.
• Visual fields may be tested by
confrontations, manual perimeters or by
computerized perimetry as per
18. Assessment Of Low vision
• Refraction in low vision determines the
measurement of the patient's prescription
by special techniques which may include
changing the lighting levels, testing
through filters and using larger changes
which may be easier for you to view.
19. VISION EFFECT COPING
TRAUMA
• Visions tend to lessen after a year or 18
months. In the meantime, antiseizure
drugs may ease phantom visions for some
patients. If the visions are particularly
upsetting, anti-anxiety medicines may help.
Veterans who also have depression may
find relief through mental health counseling
and medications such as antidepressants
20. AREA OFVISION AID NEED
• Various reading aids including strong
• As reading eyewear, magnifiers,
electronic magnifiers and even electronic
reading machines may be tested.
21.
22. STEPS TO COPEre
• Othervictims learn eye exercises and
other activities to help them ignore the
visions. Visions often occur when it is
quiet, so staying active, keeping rooms
bright, and playing music may help limit
visions.
23. STEPS TO COPE
• The aim is to aid victims in reading,
writing, finding signs, cooking, and
managing medicines. Advanced low vision
clinics help them move around and find
their way independently. Specialists also
help these veterans use their hearing and
other senses more effectively, which can
be very helpful when traveling.
24. PITFALLS TO AVOID
• Donot trust on subjective exams
• Another very important part of the low
vision exam is the dilated internal
examination
• intraocular pressures and external eye
health evaluation.
• These ensure that there are no ocular
diseases or complications that may
require treatment or referral to another
specialist.
25. Optometrist &Opthalmologist
role
The low vision examination in severecases is quite
different from the basic eye health and refractive
examination routinely performed by primary care
optometrists and ophthalmologists. The goals of
the low vision exam include assessing the
functional needs, capabilities and limitations of
theclosed trauma patient’s visual system,
Assessing ocular and systemic diseases and their
impact on functional vision, evaluating and
prescribing low vision systems and therapies.
•
26. conclusion
• Victims who have closed ocular trauma
• By brain injury impairment that eyeglasses,
contact lenses, surgery, or medicine can't
fix.) Tests revealed that these victims had
mild to severe vision problems. And 2% of
them were legally blind.
27. Getting Help for Vision Loss
and Ocular Trauma
• We need inpatient programs for serious
and complex cases at polytrauma
rehabilitation centers.
• Outpatient rehabilitation at poly trauma
network sites may help if your case is less
severe. Know that you are not alone, and
help is available
• Unfortunately middle east not focused
more in this topic even we have one in
RASHID HOSPITAL