Retinal detachment refers to the separation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the sensory retina. There are four main types: rhegmatogenous, traction, exudative, and a combination. Rhegmatogenous detachment occurs when a hole or tear develops in the sensory retina, allowing fluid to pass through and separate the layers. Risk factors include increasing age, high nearsightedness, eye trauma, and certain eye conditions. Diagnosis involves examination of the eye and sometimes ultrasound imaging. Treatment options are laser photocoagulation to seal retinal breaks, cryotherapy, vitrectomy surgery, or draining subretinal fluids depending on the type and severity of detachment.

1. RATINAL DETACHMENT
Mr. Manikandan.T,
RN., RM., M.Sc(N)., D.C.A .,(Ph.D)
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing,
VMCON, Puducherry.

2. RATINALDETACHMENT
• Retinal detachment refers to the separation of
the RPE from the sensory layer.
• It is separation of the sensory retina and the
underlying pigments, with fluid accumulation
between the two layers.
Detached retina

3. Types
• Rhegmatogenous detachment .
• Traction retinal detachment .
• Exudative retinal detachments .
• Combination of rhegmatogenous and traction,
and exudative.

4. Rhegmatogenous detachment
• In this condition, a hole or tear develops in the
sensory retina, allowing some of the liquid
vitreous to seep through the sensory retina
and detach it from the RPE

5. Traction retinal detachment .
• Tension, or a pulling force, is responsible for
traction retinal detachment, patients develop
scar tissue.

6. Exudative retinal detachments
• It occurs as a result of the production of a
serous fluid under the retina from the choroid.
Conditions such as uveitis and macular
degeneration may cause the production of
this serous fluid.

7. Risk factors
• Increasing age.
• Severe myopia.
• Eye trauma.
• Retinopathy (diabetic).
• Cataract or glaucoma surgery.
• Family history .
• Personal history .

8. Flow chart shows
Separated retinal layer

9. Pathophysilogy
Aging, eye trauma
Retina tears and pulls
retina
Break retina, liquid viteous can
enter the subretinal space between
the sensory layer and the retinal
pigment enithelium layer
Rhegmatogenous retinal
detachment.

10. Clinical manifestation
• Photopsia
• Visual loss
• Floaters and a cobweb hairnet or ring in the
field of vision
• Painless loss of peripheral or central vision

11. Diagnostic evaluation
• History and physical examination visual acuity
measurement.
• Opthalmoscopy.
• Slit lamp microscopy.
• Ultrasound of cornea, lens or citreous is lazy
or opaque.

12. Medical management
• Mydriatic, cycloplegic
• Photocoagulation of retnial break

13. Surgical management
Laser photocoagulation: It seal retinal break
by creating an inflammatory reaction to
causes a choriretinal adeshion or scar.
 Cryoretinopexy:
• Sclera blocking
• Vitrectomy
• Draining of subretinal fluids.

14. Preoperative nursing inteventions
• Provide emotional support to the patient who may be
distraught at the potential loss of vision
• Prepare the patient for surgery by cleaning his face and
giving him antibiotics and eyedrops, as ordered
• Teach the patient for surgery by cleaning his face and
giving him antibiotics and eyedrops, as ordered
• Teach the patient about the role of the retina and why
floaters, flashes of light, and decreased vision occur.
• Allow the patient and family to discuss their concerns