This document summarizes common eye conditions and the role of pharmacists in prevention and referral. It discusses age-related macular degeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and refractive error - which together account for 80% of vision loss among those over 40. Pharmacists can encourage clients to get regular eye exams based on risk factors. They can also recognize symptoms, know when to refer, and advise on prevention through healthy habits and lifestyle choices. Early detection is key to treatment and preventing vision loss.
This document provides information about eye health and common eye conditions as people age. It introduces Dr. Vinnie Shah and his background and practice. It then describes and provides images of cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, and other common eye conditions. For each condition, it discusses signs, risk factors, treatments, and ways to prevent vision loss. The document aims to educate older patients on maintaining eye health and understanding common eye diseases.
285 milion people around the world are blind or visually impaired.
About 80% of these cases are avoidable.
Poorer population are more affected.
90% of these patients lives in developing countries.
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
This document discusses geriatric eye care and common eye disorders seen in older adults. It begins by outlining the goals of discussing 5 common eye disorders, anatomical changes in the aging eye, and leading causes of vision loss. It then defines and describes age-related conditions like presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. For each condition, it discusses risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options and interventions. The focus is on maintaining vision and independence in older adults.
Cataracts are cloudy areas in the lens of the eye that interfere with vision. They are most common in people over age 40 and are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts occur when the lens proteins and fibers change, causing clouding that scatters light so images cannot focus clearly on the retina. Risk factors include age, diabetes, corticosteroid use, smoking, alcohol, UV exposure, and nutritional deficiencies. While prevention is difficult, lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, wearing sunglasses, and eating antioxidant foods may help. Treatment is usually only needed when vision is impaired, and involves surgically removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens.
A cataract is a cloudy or opaque area in the normally clear lens of the eyeFSOMedic
Depending upon its size and location, it can interfere with normal vision. Most cataracts develop in people over age 40-50, but they occasionally occur in infants and young children. Usually cataracts develop in both eyes, but one may be worse than the other.
This document provides an overview of common eye disorders, including refractive errors like nearsightedness and farsightedness, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, retinal detachment, and color blindness. It explains that eye disorders can be caused by genetics, age, injury, or other health conditions and that they may lead to vision problems or discomfort. The document also notes that regular eye exams, nutrition, and protective eyewear can help prevent eye disorders, and that treatments vary but may include medications, surgery, or corrective lenses.
This document provides information about eye health and common eye conditions as people age. It introduces Dr. Vinnie Shah and his background and practice. It then describes and provides images of cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, and other common eye conditions. For each condition, it discusses signs, risk factors, treatments, and ways to prevent vision loss. The document aims to educate older patients on maintaining eye health and understanding common eye diseases.
285 milion people around the world are blind or visually impaired.
About 80% of these cases are avoidable.
Poorer population are more affected.
90% of these patients lives in developing countries.
This document discusses community ophthalmology and the prevention of blindness. It describes community ophthalmology as a shift from individualized eye care to a community-directed approach aimed at improving overall ocular health. Both hospital-based and community-based services are essential. The document also discusses defining and determining the magnitude of blindness, its leading causes globally and in Nepal, and approaches to control blindness through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities.
This document discusses geriatric eye care and common eye disorders seen in older adults. It begins by outlining the goals of discussing 5 common eye disorders, anatomical changes in the aging eye, and leading causes of vision loss. It then defines and describes age-related conditions like presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. For each condition, it discusses risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options and interventions. The focus is on maintaining vision and independence in older adults.
Cataracts are cloudy areas in the lens of the eye that interfere with vision. They are most common in people over age 40 and are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts occur when the lens proteins and fibers change, causing clouding that scatters light so images cannot focus clearly on the retina. Risk factors include age, diabetes, corticosteroid use, smoking, alcohol, UV exposure, and nutritional deficiencies. While prevention is difficult, lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, wearing sunglasses, and eating antioxidant foods may help. Treatment is usually only needed when vision is impaired, and involves surgically removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens.
A cataract is a cloudy or opaque area in the normally clear lens of the eyeFSOMedic
Depending upon its size and location, it can interfere with normal vision. Most cataracts develop in people over age 40-50, but they occasionally occur in infants and young children. Usually cataracts develop in both eyes, but one may be worse than the other.
This document provides an overview of common eye disorders, including refractive errors like nearsightedness and farsightedness, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, retinal detachment, and color blindness. It explains that eye disorders can be caused by genetics, age, injury, or other health conditions and that they may lead to vision problems or discomfort. The document also notes that regular eye exams, nutrition, and protective eyewear can help prevent eye disorders, and that treatments vary but may include medications, surgery, or corrective lenses.
The document discusses eye health and common vision problems in children and seniors. It notes that 75% of blindness is preventable or treatable and vision problems affect nearly 13.5 million U.S. children. Common childhood vision issues include nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, strabismus, and amblyopia. Early detection is important to prevent learning issues or permanent vision loss. Common senior vision conditions include presbyopia, cataracts, dry eye, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Worldwide, someone goes blind every 5 seconds and 80% of blindness is preventable, with developing nations having far less access to eye care.
Retinal diseases can affect vision and cause blindness. Common retinal conditions include floaters, macular degeneration, diabetic eye disease, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. Floaters are spots in vision caused by age-related changes in the vitreous jelly inside the eyes. Macular degeneration is deterioration of the macula and is diagnosed as dry or wet. Diabetics are susceptible to retinal damage from conditions like diabetic eye disease. Retinal detachment occurs when fluid builds behind the retina, causing separation. Retinitis pigmentosa describes genetic conditions that cause retinal degeneration over time.
Vision loss affects 285 million people worldwide and is caused by conditions like uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and eye cancer. The major global causes of vision impairment are uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and glaucoma which can often be treated, while the major causes of blindness are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Left untreated, common age-related eye diseases like dry and wet macular degeneration, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy can lead to profound vision loss or blindness.
Normal vision means attaining 20/20 on a routine eye exam ie, one can read 3/8-inch letters at 20 feet. Approximately 285 million people worldwide cannot pass this test without correcting their vision. Sight problems range from normal to moderate or severe visual impairment. Thirty-nine million people are blind and ~90% of visually impaired people live in low-income settings. This presentation digs into the details and current treatments. This information is for educational purposes only and all medical cases should be discussed with licensed healthcare providers.
This document provides information about age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including what it is, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. AMD affects the macula, which is responsible for central vision and can cause vision loss. There are two types, dry AMD and wet AMD. Wet AMD can be treated with injections if caught early, while dry AMD currently has no treatment. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, diet and sunlight exposure. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet rich in nutrients like lutein can help protect vision.
This document provides an overview of a talk on what general physicians should know about vision and the eye. It discusses key topics like defining blindness, common causes of blindness worldwide, aging and blindness, how to evaluate vision parameters, and how the eye can provide insights into general health and systemic diseases. The document outlines goals of understanding basic eye concepts, evaluation, and common eye diseases, but not detailed anatomy or management of conditions. It emphasizes that each patient's vision loss is unique based on their condition and individual factors.
Global Medical Cures™ | DIABETES & EYE DISEASE
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
This document discusses various eye disorders including astigmatism, cataracts, and their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Astigmatism is a refractive error of the eye that can cause blurred vision and results from genetic or environmental factors. Cataracts are a clouding of the eye's lens that causes blurred or faded vision and are related to aging, diabetes, or other health conditions. Treatment for both involves glasses, contact lenses, or surgery depending on severity. Regular eye exams are important for detection and prevention of vision problems.
This document discusses various age-related changes that can occur in the eye and vision. It begins by defining what is considered "normal" aging vision in those over 65. It then discusses general physiological changes that commonly occur, such as a thinning lens and decreased pupil size. Specific diseases that are more prevalent with age, like cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, are also outlined. Treatment options and risk factors for these conditions are provided. Other topics covered include dry eye, low vision aids, and general visual performance changes associated with the aging process.
This document discusses the importance of eye care and hygiene, common eye complaints, and ways to protect eye health. Maintaining good nutrition with vitamins A, C, and E can prevent conditions like night blindness and age-related macular degeneration. Wearing protective eyewear can prevent injuries from sports, hobbies, and occupations. Regular eye exams are important, especially for those with diabetes or family histories of eye diseases, in order to catch treatable conditions early. Proper care and hygiene of the eyes throughout life can help prevent vision loss and blindness.
This document discusses aging eyes and how to maintain clear vision for life. It notes that many age-related eye conditions are preventable or treatable if detected early. Common conditions that seniors may experience include presbyopia, cataracts, dry eye, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. The document provides information on symptoms and treatments for each condition. It stresses the importance of regular eye exams at least every 1-2 years to monitor for issues and detect problems early. Following a healthy lifestyle and getting timely treatment can help seniors preserve their vision and independence.
Abc's of vision impairments and communication stylesshelleterp
The document discusses various vision impairments including cataracts, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, usher syndrome, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. It describes the symptoms and treatments for each condition. It also covers different methods of communication that can be used to interpret for individuals who are deaf-blind, such as tactile signing, tracking, braille, and printing on the palm or back.
This document discusses updates in eye care, including common age-related eye changes, disorders, and prevention guidelines. It also reviews options for correcting refractive errors such as glasses, contacts, refractive surgery, and gentle molding. Gentle molding involves using rigid gas permeable contact lenses to reshape the cornea and improve unaided vision, either permanently or through periodic use of retainer lenses. The document emphasizes the importance of nutrition, exercise, sunglasses, and regular eye exams in maintaining healthy vision.
Vision changes are common with aging and many can be corrected. Older adults are at higher risk for age-related eye diseases like macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Everyone over 50 should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once every two years to check for diseases and vision problems. Maintaining eye health involves regular exams, eating a healthy diet, controlling blood sugar and pressure, wearing sunglasses, and not smoking.
A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. A cataract begins when proteins in the eye form clumps that prevent the lens from sending clear images to the retina. The retina works by converting the light that comes through the lens into signals. It sends the signals to the optic nerve, which carries them to the brain.
Abc's of vision impairments and communication stylesshelleterp
This document provides information about various vision impairments including cataracts, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. It describes the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for each condition. It also discusses different communication methods for individuals with vision and hearing loss including close range, far range, tactile, tracking, Tadoma, Braille, and print on the palm or back. Finally, it outlines important considerations for interpreters working with deaf-blind individuals.
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss and blindness. It is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma has no symptoms in early stages so many people are unaware until significant vision is lost. While glaucoma cannot be cured, early detection and treatment can help control it and prevent further vision loss by lowering eye pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery. Lifelong monitoring is important since there is no cure for glaucoma.
Macular degeneration is a disease affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for fine central vision. It is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 50 in the western world. There are two main types: dry macular degeneration, which causes gradual vision loss, and wet macular degeneration, which causes sudden vision loss and is more aggressive. Wet macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. Treatments aim to prevent further vision loss through laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, or medications that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor, a driver of blood vessel growth. While no cure exists, controlling risk factors and supplements may help reduce the risk or progression
Overview of ophthalmologic causes of visual impairmentNeurologyKota
Ophthalmologic causes of visual impairment include retinal issues like retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration as well as optic nerve problems like glaucoma. Cataracts, refractive errors, and diabetic retinopathy are also common causes of visual loss. Visual impairment can be gradual and painless from conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration or sudden from retinal detachments or artery occlusions. Treatment depends on the underlying problem but may include eyeglasses, surgery, laser treatment, or medication.
L34 D2 Prepositions of Place.pptxofficialaccountinscribdofficialaccountinscribdkevinguadilla
The document discusses prepositions of place including in, on, under, outside, above, below, between, behind, and beside. It provides examples of how to use each preposition correctly in a sentence, such as "The rat is in the booth" or "The cheese is above the box." It also includes pictures with missing prepositions for students to practice filling in.
This document provides information about multiplying two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers. It defines key multiplication terms like product, factor, and array. It includes an example of 3 x 4 = 12. It also demonstrates regrouping in multiplication problems like 12 x 8, explaining how to multiply each place value. Finally, it reviews the vocabulary and provides sample TAKS preparation questions testing multiplication concepts.
More Related Content
Similar to vi_psa_pres_common_eye_conditions_aug10.ppt
The document discusses eye health and common vision problems in children and seniors. It notes that 75% of blindness is preventable or treatable and vision problems affect nearly 13.5 million U.S. children. Common childhood vision issues include nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, strabismus, and amblyopia. Early detection is important to prevent learning issues or permanent vision loss. Common senior vision conditions include presbyopia, cataracts, dry eye, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Worldwide, someone goes blind every 5 seconds and 80% of blindness is preventable, with developing nations having far less access to eye care.
Retinal diseases can affect vision and cause blindness. Common retinal conditions include floaters, macular degeneration, diabetic eye disease, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. Floaters are spots in vision caused by age-related changes in the vitreous jelly inside the eyes. Macular degeneration is deterioration of the macula and is diagnosed as dry or wet. Diabetics are susceptible to retinal damage from conditions like diabetic eye disease. Retinal detachment occurs when fluid builds behind the retina, causing separation. Retinitis pigmentosa describes genetic conditions that cause retinal degeneration over time.
Vision loss affects 285 million people worldwide and is caused by conditions like uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and eye cancer. The major global causes of vision impairment are uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and glaucoma which can often be treated, while the major causes of blindness are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Left untreated, common age-related eye diseases like dry and wet macular degeneration, cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy can lead to profound vision loss or blindness.
Normal vision means attaining 20/20 on a routine eye exam ie, one can read 3/8-inch letters at 20 feet. Approximately 285 million people worldwide cannot pass this test without correcting their vision. Sight problems range from normal to moderate or severe visual impairment. Thirty-nine million people are blind and ~90% of visually impaired people live in low-income settings. This presentation digs into the details and current treatments. This information is for educational purposes only and all medical cases should be discussed with licensed healthcare providers.
This document provides information about age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including what it is, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. AMD affects the macula, which is responsible for central vision and can cause vision loss. There are two types, dry AMD and wet AMD. Wet AMD can be treated with injections if caught early, while dry AMD currently has no treatment. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, diet and sunlight exposure. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet rich in nutrients like lutein can help protect vision.
This document provides an overview of a talk on what general physicians should know about vision and the eye. It discusses key topics like defining blindness, common causes of blindness worldwide, aging and blindness, how to evaluate vision parameters, and how the eye can provide insights into general health and systemic diseases. The document outlines goals of understanding basic eye concepts, evaluation, and common eye diseases, but not detailed anatomy or management of conditions. It emphasizes that each patient's vision loss is unique based on their condition and individual factors.
Global Medical Cures™ | DIABETES & EYE DISEASE
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
This document discusses various eye disorders including astigmatism, cataracts, and their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Astigmatism is a refractive error of the eye that can cause blurred vision and results from genetic or environmental factors. Cataracts are a clouding of the eye's lens that causes blurred or faded vision and are related to aging, diabetes, or other health conditions. Treatment for both involves glasses, contact lenses, or surgery depending on severity. Regular eye exams are important for detection and prevention of vision problems.
This document discusses various age-related changes that can occur in the eye and vision. It begins by defining what is considered "normal" aging vision in those over 65. It then discusses general physiological changes that commonly occur, such as a thinning lens and decreased pupil size. Specific diseases that are more prevalent with age, like cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, are also outlined. Treatment options and risk factors for these conditions are provided. Other topics covered include dry eye, low vision aids, and general visual performance changes associated with the aging process.
This document discusses the importance of eye care and hygiene, common eye complaints, and ways to protect eye health. Maintaining good nutrition with vitamins A, C, and E can prevent conditions like night blindness and age-related macular degeneration. Wearing protective eyewear can prevent injuries from sports, hobbies, and occupations. Regular eye exams are important, especially for those with diabetes or family histories of eye diseases, in order to catch treatable conditions early. Proper care and hygiene of the eyes throughout life can help prevent vision loss and blindness.
This document discusses aging eyes and how to maintain clear vision for life. It notes that many age-related eye conditions are preventable or treatable if detected early. Common conditions that seniors may experience include presbyopia, cataracts, dry eye, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. The document provides information on symptoms and treatments for each condition. It stresses the importance of regular eye exams at least every 1-2 years to monitor for issues and detect problems early. Following a healthy lifestyle and getting timely treatment can help seniors preserve their vision and independence.
Abc's of vision impairments and communication stylesshelleterp
The document discusses various vision impairments including cataracts, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, usher syndrome, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. It describes the symptoms and treatments for each condition. It also covers different methods of communication that can be used to interpret for individuals who are deaf-blind, such as tactile signing, tracking, braille, and printing on the palm or back.
This document discusses updates in eye care, including common age-related eye changes, disorders, and prevention guidelines. It also reviews options for correcting refractive errors such as glasses, contacts, refractive surgery, and gentle molding. Gentle molding involves using rigid gas permeable contact lenses to reshape the cornea and improve unaided vision, either permanently or through periodic use of retainer lenses. The document emphasizes the importance of nutrition, exercise, sunglasses, and regular eye exams in maintaining healthy vision.
Vision changes are common with aging and many can be corrected. Older adults are at higher risk for age-related eye diseases like macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Everyone over 50 should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once every two years to check for diseases and vision problems. Maintaining eye health involves regular exams, eating a healthy diet, controlling blood sugar and pressure, wearing sunglasses, and not smoking.
A cataract is a dense, cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. A cataract begins when proteins in the eye form clumps that prevent the lens from sending clear images to the retina. The retina works by converting the light that comes through the lens into signals. It sends the signals to the optic nerve, which carries them to the brain.
Abc's of vision impairments and communication stylesshelleterp
This document provides information about various vision impairments including cataracts, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, Usher syndrome, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. It describes the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for each condition. It also discusses different communication methods for individuals with vision and hearing loss including close range, far range, tactile, tracking, Tadoma, Braille, and print on the palm or back. Finally, it outlines important considerations for interpreters working with deaf-blind individuals.
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damages the optic nerve and causes vision loss and blindness. It is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Glaucoma has no symptoms in early stages so many people are unaware until significant vision is lost. While glaucoma cannot be cured, early detection and treatment can help control it and prevent further vision loss by lowering eye pressure through eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery. Lifelong monitoring is important since there is no cure for glaucoma.
Macular degeneration is a disease affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for fine central vision. It is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 50 in the western world. There are two main types: dry macular degeneration, which causes gradual vision loss, and wet macular degeneration, which causes sudden vision loss and is more aggressive. Wet macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina. Treatments aim to prevent further vision loss through laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, or medications that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor, a driver of blood vessel growth. While no cure exists, controlling risk factors and supplements may help reduce the risk or progression
Overview of ophthalmologic causes of visual impairmentNeurologyKota
Ophthalmologic causes of visual impairment include retinal issues like retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration as well as optic nerve problems like glaucoma. Cataracts, refractive errors, and diabetic retinopathy are also common causes of visual loss. Visual impairment can be gradual and painless from conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration or sudden from retinal detachments or artery occlusions. Treatment depends on the underlying problem but may include eyeglasses, surgery, laser treatment, or medication.
Similar to vi_psa_pres_common_eye_conditions_aug10.ppt (20)
L34 D2 Prepositions of Place.pptxofficialaccountinscribdofficialaccountinscribdkevinguadilla
The document discusses prepositions of place including in, on, under, outside, above, below, between, behind, and beside. It provides examples of how to use each preposition correctly in a sentence, such as "The rat is in the booth" or "The cheese is above the box." It also includes pictures with missing prepositions for students to practice filling in.
This document provides information about multiplying two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers. It defines key multiplication terms like product, factor, and array. It includes an example of 3 x 4 = 12. It also demonstrates regrouping in multiplication problems like 12 x 8, explaining how to multiply each place value. Finally, it reviews the vocabulary and provides sample TAKS preparation questions testing multiplication concepts.
This document appears to be a series of certificates from the San Jose Elementary School in the Philippines awarding individuals for various qualities and contributions. Each certificate recognizes an individual and their qualities or contributions such as hard work, dedication, decision making, risk taking, determination, focus, responsibility, patience, cooperation, professional development, leadership, positivity, community assistance, commitment to learning, and composure. All contributions are described as helping realize the mission and vision of the Department of Education, especially during the pandemic. The certificates are all issued on July 16, 2021 and signed by the school principal.
The document lists 14 names and provides 8 sentences with blanks to be filled in by choosing the correctly fitting word from 3 options provided in parentheses. The names are potential players or participants and the sentences describe different situations requiring a word to complete the meaning in a grammatically correct manner.
This document provides a list of 20 words with blanks for affixes to complete them. The words cover a variety of topics from attributes like controllable and playful to nouns like department and arrangement. The task is to fill in the proper prefixes or suffixes to complete each word in the list.
This document provides an overview of eye anatomy and common eye conditions for primary care practitioners. It begins with basic eye anatomy and optics, then covers topics like strabismus, amblyopia, external eye conditions including blepharitis, hordeolum, cellulitis, pterygium, corneal ulcers, and conjunctivitis. For each topic, it discusses signs, causes and treatment options to help primary care practitioners identify, explain, and facilitate referrals for various eye problems and conditions.
The key elements of a story are setting, characters, plot, conflict, resolution, and theme. The setting establishes where and when the story takes place. Characters include the protagonist and antagonist. The plot follows the sequence of introduction, climax/conflict, and resolution from the beginning to the end. There is a dramatic struggle or conflict. This is resolved at the end, along with any loose ends. The overarching theme is the central message or idea about life that the author conveys through the story.
The document discusses the difference between realistic and fantasy stories. A realistic story tells about events that could actually happen, like going to a baseball game. A fantasy story includes elements that could not happen in real life, like a fish driving a car to the store. Several examples are provided of events that would be considered realistic or fantasy, such as kicking a football or a cat driving a motorcycle.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
vi_psa_pres_common_eye_conditions_aug10.ppt
1. Common Eye Conditions
- and the role of the pharmacist
Optometrist Association of Australia
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
2. Overview
• Eye health in Australia
• Preventing sight loss
• Anatomy and physiology of the eye
• Common eye conditions (listed alphabetically):
• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
• Cataract
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Glaucoma
• Refractive error
• Who’s who and where to get help
• Dealing with an eye health problem.
3. Eye health in Australia
• In 2009, vision loss affected almost 575,00 Australians
• prevalence of eye disease is predicted to double over
the next ten years
• 75 per cent of vision loss is preventable or treatable
• prevalence increases threefold with each decade over
40 years
• 80 per cent of vision loss is caused by five conditions
(listed alphabetically):
• Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
• Cataract
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Glaucoma
• Under-corrected and uncorrected refractive error
4. Blindness and vision impairment in Australia
Center for Eye Research Australia, 2004, Investing in Sight –
Strategic Interventions to Prevent Vision Loss in Australia.
5. Preventing vision loss
-what pharmacists can do
• Encourage your clients to – Get Tested, especially if:
• there is a family history of eye disease
• the client is over 40
• the client has diabetes
• the client has noticed a change in their vision
• the client is of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent
• Recognise symptoms of common problems
• Know when and where to refer
6. Preventing vision loss
-what pharmacists can do
• Talk to your clients about their vision; vision loss
maybe an underlying cause for another condition
• If you are concerned about a client’s vision discuss your
concerns with the treating GP or eye health
professional
• Medicare covers most of the costs associated with
visiting an optometrist or ophthalmologist
7. Preventing vision loss
• People with vision impairment are at a greater risk of
suffering from secondary conditions:
• falls
• depression
• early special accommodation
• increased risk of hip fracture
• increased early mortality
• social isolation
8. Preventing vision loss
Advise your clients to:
• stop smoking
• protect their eyes from injury
• protect their eyes from ultra violet light
by:
• wearing a hat
• wearing appropriate sunglasses
• maintain good general health
12. Common eye conditions - prevalence
80 per cent of vision impairment and blindness in the
population over the age of 40 is caused by
five conditions (listed alphabetically):
• Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) – 10 per cent
• Cataract - 15 per cent
• Diabetic retinopathy - 2 per cent
• Glaucoma - 5 per cent
• Under-corrected or uncorrected refractive error - 59 per
cent
13. What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
• A chronic degenerative condition that affects the
central vision.
• progression of the condition is likely
• ten per cent of people with macular degeneration have
the “wet form” which may respond to treatment
• the majority of people have the “dry form”
• two out of three people will be affected by AMD in their
lifetime.
14. Prevalence and risk factors of AMD
• Ageing is the greatest risk factor with prevalence
trebling with each decade over 40 years
• AMD is present in 13 per cent of people between the
ages of 70-75 and is the leading cause of vision
impairment in Australia
• Smoking increases the risk of developing AMD
• Family history is also a risk factor -
genes have been identified and linked with AMD
16. Functional implications of AMD
• Difficulty distinguishing people's faces
• Difficulty with close work
• Perceiving straight lines as distorted or curved
• Unable to differentiate between the footpath and road
• Difficulty identifying the edge of steps if there is no
colour contrast
• Unable to determine traffic light changes
• Difficulty reading, with blurred words and letters
running together
17. Treatment of AMD
• Treatment options are improving with new technology
• The wet form can be treated with intravitreal injections
that aim to prevent further vision loss
• Lost vision cannot be recovered - early detection to
identify those who can receive treatment is the key
18. Prevention of AMD
• Early detection of AMD is crucial:
• In the wet form of the disease, vision loss may be arrested
with early treatment by an ophthalmologist
• Regular eye examinations are the key to early detection of
disease before vision loss occurs
• If there are any changes in the quality of vision, refer to GP
to arrange an appropriate referral to an eye health
professional
• Advise your clients to stop smoking
19. What is a cataract?
• A cataract is the clouding of the lens inside the eye.
With a cataract, light is scattered as it enters the eye,
causing blurred vision
20. Prevalence and risk factors of cataract
• 31 per cent of the population over the age of 55 has a
cataract
• Long term use of corticosteroids can increase risk of
cataracts
• Exposure to UV light can also increase the risk
• Ageing, smoking and having diabetes can increase the risk
of developing cataract.
22. Functional implications of cataract
• Blurred vision
• Reduced contrast
• Having difficulty judging depth
• Seeing a halo or double vision around lights at night
• Seeing images as if through a veil/smoke
• Being particularly sensitive to glare and light
• Having dulled colour vision.
23. Treatment of cataract
• Updating glasses can help with early cataract
• Surgery: 180,000 cataract operations are done in Australia
annually:
• usually in and out of hospital on same day
• no general anaesthetic is required (in most cases)
• the cloudy lens inside the eye is removed, except for the
back capsule
• an intraocular lens implant (IOL), a new lens is inserted
into the eye
24. What is diabetic retinopathy?
• This condition is a complication of diabetes
• It affects the small blood vessels of the retina
• Blood vessels begin to leak and bleed inside the eye
25. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy
• It is estimated that three per cent of the population aged over 55
years have diabetic retinopathy
• 22 per cent of people with known Type 2 diabetes have some form
of retinopathy related to their diabetes
• Within 15 years of being diagnosed with diabetes, three out of four
diabetics will have diabetic retinopathy
• People who have had diabetes for many years, have diabetic
kidney disease or have Type 1 diabetes have a greater risk of
developing diabetic retinopathy
• Diabetic retinopathy is the primary vision threatening condition for
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
27. Functional implications of diabetic retinopathy
• Difficulty with fine details (e.g. when reading or
watching television)
• Fluctuations in vision from hour to hour or day to day
• Blurred, hazy or double vision
• Difficulty seeing at night or in low light
• Being particularly sensitive to glare and light
• Having difficulty focusing
28. Treatment and prevention of diabetic retinopathy
• Early detection and timely treatment is essential
• 98 per cent of severe vision loss can be prevented with
early detection and timely laser treatment
• Good control of:
• blood sugar levels
• blood pressure
• cholesterol
can help reduce the severity of eye disease
29. What is glaucoma?
• It is a disease that affects the optic nerve at the back of
the eye
• Relieving pressure on the nerve reduces progression of
the disease
• Early detection and treatment can slow the vision loss
30. Prevalence of glaucoma
• People over the age of 40 are more likely to develop
glaucoma than young people.
• Almost three per cent of the Australian population over
55 years are affected
• Glaucoma has a genetic link and can occur in families.
People with a first degree blood relative with glaucoma
are eight times more likely to develop the disease than
the general population and should regularly visit their
eye health professional
31. Risk factors for glaucoma
• Extreme refractive error
• Diabetes
• Migraine cataracts
• Previous eye injuries
• Sleep apnoea
• Gender, males higher risk
• Corticosteroids can increase the risk of developing glaucoma
33. Functional implications of glaucoma
• No functional implications in early stages, silent disease
• Difficulty adjusting to lighting changes (e.g. between
indoors and outdoors)
• Occasional blurred vision
• Seeing a halo around lights (angle closure)
• Increased sensitivity to glare and light
• Difficulty identifying the edge of steps or road
• Tripping over or bumping into objects
34. Treatment of glaucoma
• Treatments are available but early detection is the key
• Lost vision can not be recovered. Treatment aims to
prevent further vision loss
• Treatment may involve medication (eye drops), laser
and/or other surgery as well as regular monitoring
• Early glaucoma is often asymptomatic. Regular eye tests
are most important
• Long term compliance a major concern, 1/3 or more
patients indicate poor adherence to drop therapy
35. Prevention of glaucoma
• Regular eye examinations to ensure early detection
and treatment are the only way to control glaucoma
and prevent vision loss
• 50 per cent of people with glaucoma are unaware
that they have it
• People with a family history of glaucoma are four
times more likely to be at risk and should get tested
36. What is refractive error?
• Refractive error is a focusing disorder of the eye
• Most common cause of vision impairment in Australia
• Over the age of 40 years, 22 per cent of the
population has refractive error
• It is correctable by wearing glasses or contact lenses
or refractive laser surgery (selected cases)
37. Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error
• All age groups can be affected by refractive error
• People over the age of 40 should have regular eye tests
to eliminate refractive error as a cause of any vision
impairment
• Family history of refractive error is a risk factor
39. Functional implications of refractive error
Functional implications depend on the type of severity of
refractive error:
• long-sightedness (hyperopia)
• difficulty seeing near objects
• short-sightedness (myopia)
• difficulty seeing things in the distance
• astigmatism
• blurred vision
• presbyopia (age focus difficulty)
• difficulty seeing near objects occurs from 40 and onwards
40. Treatment of refractive error
• Refractive error is often treatable with:
• glasses
• contact lens
• laser eye surgery
• Low vision aids assist people when other treatments
can no longer improve vision
• magnifiers
• lighting
• adaptive technology
41. Ready-made spectacles
Wearing ready-made spectacles can be:
• convenient
• accessible (“I lost my glasses”)
But there can be downsides:
• headaches, asthenopia (eye strain) can occur (they
won’t damage your eyes)
• wearing them may delay people from getting an eye
examination
42. What you can do as a pharmacist
• Be prepared to discuss eye health with people
purchasing ready-made spectacles, especially for the
first time
• Ask them
• when was the last time the patient had an eye test?
• do they have any symptoms, have they noticed any
sudden changes in vision?
• are they aware of their local eye care practitioners?
• In some states, ready-mades must be sold with a sticker
reminding people of the importance of regular eye
health check-ups
43. Who’s who in the eye care sector
• The following slides provide a brief introduction to
who’s who in the eye care sector, the services they offer
and how to access them
• More information is also available on the
Vision Initiative website
www.visioninitiative.org.au
44. Vision 2020 Australia
• National peak body for the vision care and eye health
sector
• Represents close to 60 members and associates
• Provides a platform for collaboration
• Part of VISION 2020: The Right to Sight
• www.vision2020australia.org.au
45. The Vision Initiative
• Program aimed at raising awareness of eye health and
vision care to the general community and health care
professionals
• Funded by the Victorian Department of Health
• Victoria’s public health response to the National
Framework for Action to Promote Eye Health and
Prevent Avoidable Blindness and Vision Loss
46. Ophthalmologist
• Ophthalmologists are specialist eye health providers
• Qualified medical doctors
• 5 year postgraduate course
• Surgical and medical treatment of eye disease
• Laser refractive surgery
• Referral from a GP, medical specialist or optometrist is
required in order to obtain the Medicare rebate
• Waiting time for appointments can vary according to the
condition (if urgent, a GP, optometrist or specialty
ophthalmologist can bring this forward)
47. Optometrist
• An optometrist is a primary eye care provider
• Five year university course
• Medicare provides a full rebate on most optometry consultations
• Patients do not need a referral to see an optometrist
• Little or no waiting period for appointments
• Will fast-track referrals to ophthalmologists if necessary
• More than one third are therapeutically endorsed in Victoria
• To locate your nearest optometrist, please visit
www.optometrists.asn.au
48. How optometry prescribing works
• Endorsement is by Optometrist Registration Board (optometry is
part of new national registration scheme, July 2010)
• Mandatory part of optometry degree in Victoria since 2002
(additional 1 year training). Now mandatory in NSW and Qld
degrees
• Graduate Certificate in Ocular Therapeutics allows previous
graduates to become endorsed
• 30 per cent of Victorian optometrists endorsed to prescribe
about 45 topical eye medicines
• Glaucoma patients managed through shared care with
ophthalmologists.
50. Am I dealing with an eye emergency?
Use these quick questions to guide you
• Is this an eye problem with sudden onset symptoms?
• Are the symptoms severe?
• Has the patient lost vision in one/both eyes?
• Is there injury or trauma to the eye?
• Is the patient in severe pain?
• Are the symptoms accompanied by other suspicious
symptoms (e.g. slurred speech, severe headache or pain,
loss of physical coordination, or mental confusion?)
51. Attend emergency department TODAY if new or
sudden symptoms:
• Vision loss in one or both eyes
• ‘Darkening’ of vision, sometimes described as dense shadow or
curtain falling over vision (could be retinal detachment)
• Sudden double vision (diplopia), especially with any
neurological symptoms, no explanation or previous history
• Severe eye injuries/trauma/object in eye
• Severe eye pain
• Severe swelling around eye(s)
• Visual symptoms accompanied by severe headache/slurred or
confused speech and/or mental confusion
• If a known serious eye condition has suddenly worsened
52. Make an appointment TODAY with an optometrist or
GP
If you have new eye symptoms (less than 2 days of
symptoms) such as:
• blurred vision
• red eyes – particularly for contact lens wearers
• a unilateral red eye
• a foreign body in the eye
53. An appointment is recommended within 1-2 days for:
Symptoms that have persisted for more than two days.
Symptoms may be:
• mild blurring
• mild red eye(s)
• floaters or flashing lights
54. Emergency advice for chemical burns or splashes
• Irrigate affected eye(s) with water for at least 15
minutes, then attend emergency department of hospital
• Don’t apply drops, ointments, or other treatment
• Patient to remove contact lenses where possible
55. Chloramphenicol: to OTC or not OTC?
• Chloramphenicol: now Schedule 3 treatment
• Most common indications in eye problems: conjunctivitis
and superficial infection with susceptible organisms
• Importance of differential diagnosis … it’s not just a
matter of failing “The Chlorsig Test”
• Potential problems in making a diagnosis
• are the symptoms really consistent with ‘just
conjunctivitis’?
• is the person a contact lens wearer?
• will the organism be susceptible to this drug?
• how can I really see what is going on in the anterior eye?
56. Chloramphenicol: When a differential diagnosis matters
Statham M, Sharma A and Pane A. Misdiagnosis of acute eye diseases by primary health
care providers: incidence and implications, MJA 2008; 189(7) 402-4.
Primary care
diagnosis
Confirmed
ophthalmological
diagnosis
Chloramphenicol
Indicated by
confirmed diagnosis?
Delay in referral Preventable adverse
outcome
‘Red eye’ Acute anterior
uveitis
N 8 days Severe permanent
vision loss; pain
Conjunctivitis Acute anterior
uveitis
N 7 days Moderate
permanent vision
loss
Conjunctivitis Bacterial keratitis N 2 days Severe pain
Herpes zoster
ophthalmicus
‘Red eye’ N 3 days Mild permanent
vision loss, severe
pain, delay in
antiviral
treatment
57. When should I refer red eyes?
The referral triggers:
• red eye accompanied by pain, photophobia or blurred
vision
• beware the unilateral red eye: should be viewed with
greater suspicion than bilateral red eyes
• if the red eye is a recurrence of a known recent condition
• if the patient’s symptoms worsen over next 24 hours
If in doubt, always refer to optometrist or medical practitioner
Always suggest the patient they should self-review make an
immediate appointment with their optometrist or doctor if the
condition worsens or fails to improve within the next 24 hours
58. And finally …
Thank you!
For any further queries please contact
Robyn Wallace at Vision 2020 Australia
Ph: 03 9656 2020
Email: rwallace@vision2020australia.org.au