There are four types of natural selection: 1) Directional selection which favors an extreme variation of a trait, 2) Stabilizing selection which favors the average phenotype, 3) Disruptive selection which favors extreme traits while the average declines, and 4) Sexual selection which favors traits that increase success in finding a mate and reproducing. Examples are given for each type of selection.
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
This presentation file has these contents:
Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Analogous structures
Divergent Evolution
Homologous structures
Parallel Evolution
Coevolution
Types of Evolution
Macroevolution
Microevolution
Importance of pattern of evolution
The process by which a new species develops from the existing species is known as speciation.
Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.
A species can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
When populations no longer interbreed, they are thought to be separate species.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, Parapatric, and sympatric.
Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments.
Allopatric speciation: It is regarded as the most common type of speciation. It involves the physical separation of a species into two groups. This may occur due to climatic changes, movement of tectonic plates leading to the fragmentation of a mass of land, or eruption of a land mass, formation of waterways, or due to the presence of an impassable mountain range.
Parapatric mode of speciation: It occurs due to partial spatial isolation of populations, and is characterized by a small overlap in their ranges as well as significant gene flow amongst the populations. However, the gene flow reduces due to changes in the local conditions, and the two populations become reproductively isolated.
Sympatric mode of speciation: It involves the formation of new species due to a genetic divergence among a few members of the species inhabiting a single geographic area. Unlike the other modes of speciation, here genetic divergence does not arise due to increase in geographic distance, but occurs within the same niche.
Peripatric speciation was Proposed by Ernst Mayr. In this type of speciation, a small group of members inhabiting a peripheral region of the range undergo reproductive isolation to form a new species. Many a time, it is considered to be a variation of allopatric speciation.
This presentation is uploaded by Mahar Tanvir ul Hassan Tibbi Tarhana Samandry Faisalabad Pakistan. I am enrolled in University of Sargodha in MSc Zoology.
This presentation file has these contents:
Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Analogous structures
Divergent Evolution
Homologous structures
Parallel Evolution
Coevolution
Types of Evolution
Macroevolution
Microevolution
Importance of pattern of evolution
The process by which a new species develops from the existing species is known as speciation.
Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic.
A species can be defined as one or more populations of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms.
When populations no longer interbreed, they are thought to be separate species.
There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, Parapatric, and sympatric.
Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments.
Allopatric speciation: It is regarded as the most common type of speciation. It involves the physical separation of a species into two groups. This may occur due to climatic changes, movement of tectonic plates leading to the fragmentation of a mass of land, or eruption of a land mass, formation of waterways, or due to the presence of an impassable mountain range.
Parapatric mode of speciation: It occurs due to partial spatial isolation of populations, and is characterized by a small overlap in their ranges as well as significant gene flow amongst the populations. However, the gene flow reduces due to changes in the local conditions, and the two populations become reproductively isolated.
Sympatric mode of speciation: It involves the formation of new species due to a genetic divergence among a few members of the species inhabiting a single geographic area. Unlike the other modes of speciation, here genetic divergence does not arise due to increase in geographic distance, but occurs within the same niche.
Peripatric speciation was Proposed by Ernst Mayr. In this type of speciation, a small group of members inhabiting a peripheral region of the range undergo reproductive isolation to form a new species. Many a time, it is considered to be a variation of allopatric speciation.
This presentation is uploaded by Mahar Tanvir ul Hassan Tibbi Tarhana Samandry Faisalabad Pakistan. I am enrolled in University of Sargodha in MSc Zoology.
What are the 4 observations and 3 conclusions that Darwin presented .pdfarchanaemporium
What are the 4 observations and 3 conclusions that Darwin presented in his theory of evolution
by natural selection? List 2 differences between natural selection and evolution.
Solution
Darwin\'s theory of evolution by natural selection included 4 observations:-
1.Due to lack of food and other resources many of the offsprings donot survive.
2.Population are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support.
3.Members of population of the same species vary in their traits.
4.Traits can be inherited or passed from parents to offspring.
The moths are one species.But there are different colours of moths in our environment.The black
moth gives birth to the black one and the white gives to the white one.
The 3 conclusions:-
1.Natural selection is differential success in reproduction.
2.Natural selections occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability
inherent among the individual organisms making up a population.
3.The product of natural selection in the adaption of population of organisms to their
environments.
The 2 differences between natural selection and evolution are:-
1.Evolution is the gradual changes that a population undergoes over time while natural selection
is the idea that oraganisms with certain traits will naturally have more reproductive success than
organisms with other traits have.
2.Evolution changes as the properties of ancestors are carried over to their offspring.But in
natural selection it goes under a selective process which explores a wide range of variations..
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
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During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
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- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
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https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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9. Types of Natural Selection
In some environments, a species may face one or
many selective pressures.
10. Types of Natural Selection
A selective pressure may increase or decrease the
survival and reproduction rate of certain traits.
Weed killer is a selective pressure.
13. Types of Natural Selection
Examples include climate, food availability, and
predators.
14. Types of Natural Selection
There are 4 types of Natural Selection:
1) Directional Selection
2) Stabilizing Selection
3) Disruptive Selection
4) Sexual Selection
15. Types of Natural Selection
Suppose a certain mouse population has a range
of fur colours, from light brown to dark brown.
17. Directional Selection
For example, the surrounding woody environment may
provide better camouflage for darker mice, thus most
of the lighter colour mice may be easily hunted.
19. Stabilizing Selection
For example, a new predator may only be able to see
vivid colours (like white and dark brown), allowing the
dull brown mouse to avoid detection and escape.
21. Disruptive Selection
For example, predators may not eat the vividly
coloured mice in the area because the other white and
dark brown creatures in the area are toxic.
22. Sexual Selection
4) Sexual selection favours traits that increase the
success for an organism to find a mate and reproduce.
23. Sexual Selection
Usually involves (female) mate choice or (male versus
male) competition.
Examples:
Peacock
Satyr tragopan (video)
Bighorn rams (video)
24. Sexual Selection
Sexual Dimorphism is the difference of phenotypes
between males and females of the same species.
These are the traits often used in sexual selection.
Examples include:
- Colour
- Height
- Size of a particular feature
(such as horns or tusks)
