1. Fisher's Fundamental Theorem on Natural Selection states that the rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time. 2. The theorem has been revised and clarified over time, but generally means that natural selection will tend to increase the fitness of organisms through changes in gene frequencies. 3. Fisher framed his argument in terms of parental expenditure, suggesting that natural selection will act to equalize the total parental expenditure between male and female offspring to maximize reproductive value.