02b natural selection
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Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution proposed by Darwin in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. It describes how traits that aid survival in an organism's environment become more common over generations as those organisms are more likely to reproduce. Variations in heritable traits within a population mean some individuals are better suited to the environment and more likely to survive and pass on their traits, such as grey mice being less visible to predators in a parking lot than white mice.
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11u bio 08
The document discusses the concept of natural selection, which is defined as the favoring of traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. It provides examples of how traits like camouflage coloration in mice, mantises, cows and butterflies can influence their likelihood of survival when preyed upon or in different habitats. Through this natural process over generations, the traits best suited for an environment tend to become more common.
Types of selection
There are three main types of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection. Stabilizing selection favors average traits so that medium-sized or medium-weight individuals are most likely to survive. Directional selection favors individuals with one extreme trait, like long-necked giraffes or large horses. Disruptive selection favors individuals with opposite extreme traits, so average or intermediate individuals die out while the extremes survive, like with camouflaged light or dark rabbits.
11u bio 09
This document discusses the four types of natural selection: directional selection which favors an extreme trait, stabilizing selection which favors average traits, disruptive selection which favors extreme traits over average traits, and sexual selection which favors traits that increase reproductive success such as traits used in mate choice or competition. Examples are given for each type of selection.
Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(variation)
Variation exists within species in traits such as blood type, eye color, and height. Variation is important because it allows species to adapt to changes in their environment or ecosystem. Adaptations can be structural, such as physical features, or behavioral, like migration patterns. Natural selection occurs when some variations provide individuals with a survival or reproductive advantage in their environment, allowing them to pass on beneficial traits. Over time, natural selection can lead to adaptations that help populations survive.
selection in nature
This document discusses different types of natural selection and their effects on populations and species evolution over time. It describes directional selection as favoring one extreme trait, stabilizing selection as favoring intermediate traits and eliminating extremes, and disruptive selection as favoring opposite trait extremes. Natural selection can lead to adaptation, radiation of new species from a single ancestor, regression of unnecessary traits, convergence of unrelated species, coevolution between interacting species, and extinction of non-adapted species. Sexual selection also influences evolution by favoring traits that increase mating success even if they reduce survival.
Modern concept of natural selection
Natural selection can lead to directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection depending on the relationship between phenotypes and fitness. Directional selection favors extreme variants, stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes, and disruptive selection favors opposite extremes. Examples of natural selection include industrial melanism in moths due to pollution and myxomatosis virus controlling rabbit populations in Australia. Natural selection can also lead to radiation, where many new species evolve from a common ancestor, as well as convergence of unrelated species, regression of traits, and extinction of non-adapted species.
Evolution lecture 4 & 5
Macroevolution refers to large evolutionary changes that occur at or above the species level, in contrast to microevolution which involves smaller changes within a species. Adaptive radiation is the evolution of many descendant species from a single ancestor, with each species adapted to a different ecological niche. A classic example is Darwin's finches, which evolved from a common ancestor into 14 species with varying beak sizes and shapes adapted to different food sources. Orthogenesis proposed that evolutionary changes occur in a straight line, while allometry describes how body part size relates to overall body size and its evolution.
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11u bio 08
The document discusses the concept of natural selection, which is defined as the favoring of traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. It provides examples of how traits like camouflage coloration in mice, mantises, cows and butterflies can influence their likelihood of survival when preyed upon or in different habitats. Through this natural process over generations, the traits best suited for an environment tend to become more common.
Types of selection
There are three main types of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection. Stabilizing selection favors average traits so that medium-sized or medium-weight individuals are most likely to survive. Directional selection favors individuals with one extreme trait, like long-necked giraffes or large horses. Disruptive selection favors individuals with opposite extreme traits, so average or intermediate individuals die out while the extremes survive, like with camouflaged light or dark rabbits.
11u bio 09
This document discusses the four types of natural selection: directional selection which favors an extreme trait, stabilizing selection which favors average traits, disruptive selection which favors extreme traits over average traits, and sexual selection which favors traits that increase reproductive success such as traits used in mate choice or competition. Examples are given for each type of selection.
Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(variation)
Variation exists within species in traits such as blood type, eye color, and height. Variation is important because it allows species to adapt to changes in their environment or ecosystem. Adaptations can be structural, such as physical features, or behavioral, like migration patterns. Natural selection occurs when some variations provide individuals with a survival or reproductive advantage in their environment, allowing them to pass on beneficial traits. Over time, natural selection can lead to adaptations that help populations survive.
selection in nature
This document discusses different types of natural selection and their effects on populations and species evolution over time. It describes directional selection as favoring one extreme trait, stabilizing selection as favoring intermediate traits and eliminating extremes, and disruptive selection as favoring opposite trait extremes. Natural selection can lead to adaptation, radiation of new species from a single ancestor, regression of unnecessary traits, convergence of unrelated species, coevolution between interacting species, and extinction of non-adapted species. Sexual selection also influences evolution by favoring traits that increase mating success even if they reduce survival.
Modern concept of natural selection
Natural selection can lead to directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection depending on the relationship between phenotypes and fitness. Directional selection favors extreme variants, stabilizing selection favors intermediate phenotypes, and disruptive selection favors opposite extremes. Examples of natural selection include industrial melanism in moths due to pollution and myxomatosis virus controlling rabbit populations in Australia. Natural selection can also lead to radiation, where many new species evolve from a common ancestor, as well as convergence of unrelated species, regression of traits, and extinction of non-adapted species.
Evolution lecture 4 & 5
Macroevolution refers to large evolutionary changes that occur at or above the species level, in contrast to microevolution which involves smaller changes within a species. Adaptive radiation is the evolution of many descendant species from a single ancestor, with each species adapted to a different ecological niche. A classic example is Darwin's finches, which evolved from a common ancestor into 14 species with varying beak sizes and shapes adapted to different food sources. Orthogenesis proposed that evolutionary changes occur in a straight line, while allometry describes how body part size relates to overall body size and its evolution.
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two types of mimicry are discussed here that are batesian and mullerian mimicry. these types are well adapted in animal for their survival in environment.
Modern concept of natural selection2
Natural selection leads to the evolution of organisms over time through differential survival and reproduction based on heritable traits. There are three main types of selection: directional selection favors one trait extreme, stabilizing selection favors intermediate traits, and disruptive selection favors opposite trait extremes. Examples of natural selection in action include the evolution of melanism in moths due to pollution and the evolution of myxoma virus resistance in rabbits in Australia. Laboratory studies also demonstrate the effects of selection, such as increased growth in selectively bred salmon. Natural selection can result in radiation, convergence, regression, extinction, and coevolution between interacting species.
Darwin Theory
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations between species during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. His findings showed that isolated populations evolve distinct traits, like the varied tortoises on the Galapagos Islands. He hypothesized that organisms better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and pass on their traits, leading to the emergence of new species over generations. Fossils, anatomical similarities, and biogeography provide evidence that all life shares a common ancestry.
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This document discusses different types of species interactions including competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. It provides examples of each type of interaction and how species may coevolve or partition resources in response to competition or predation. Species must adapt to interactions, migrate to avoid negative interactions, or may go extinct if unable to adapt or migrate in response to competition or predation.
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2) Darwin was influenced by James Hutton and Charles Lyell's findings that the earth changes slowly over time, and by Georges Cuvier's discovery that species can go extinct.
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Natural selection leads to the evolution of organisms over time through differential survival and reproduction based on heritable traits. There are three main types of selection: directional selection favors one trait extreme, stabilizing selection favors intermediate traits, and disruptive selection favors opposite trait extremes. Examples of natural selection in action include the evolution of melanism in moths due to pollution and the evolution of myxoma virus resistance in rabbits in Australia. Laboratory studies also demonstrate the effects of selection, such as increased growth in selectively bred salmon. Natural selection can result in radiation, convergence, regression, extinction, and coevolution between interacting species.
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Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection after observing variations between species during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. His findings showed that isolated populations evolve distinct traits, like the varied tortoises on the Galapagos Islands. He hypothesized that organisms better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and pass on their traits, leading to the emergence of new species over generations. Fossils, anatomical similarities, and biogeography provide evidence that all life shares a common ancestry.
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This document discusses concepts related to species evolution and taxonomy, including:
- Speciation occurs through anagenesis (phyletic evolution) and cladogenesis (branching evolution).
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Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle and observations of species on the Galapagos Islands led him to develop the theory of natural selection. Natural selection proposes that heritable traits better suited to the environment will help individuals survive and reproduce, leading to evolution over generations as beneficial traits become more common. Darwin published his theory in On the Origin of Species in 1859. Modern evidence from fossils, comparative anatomy, biogeography, and molecular biology provide strong support for evolution by natural selection.
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Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and pass on those traits, while organisms with less advantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce. It occurs through four main steps: 1) variation between individuals, 2) competition for limited resources, 3) survival of the fittest, and 4) reproduction of survivors. This process led giraffes to evolve from short-necked ancestors to the long-necked giraffes of today through preferential survival of longer-necked individuals over generations.
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Wayne Roth, 38, was bitten by a cobra belonging to his friend after playfully picking up the snake. Wayne refused to go to the hospital, saying "I'm a man, I can handle it." Instead, he went to a bar and had drinks while bragging about being bitten. Cobra venom is a slow-acting toxin and Wayne died within hours from the bite. His actions earned him a 1997 Darwin Award nomination for removing himself from the gene pool through an act of stupidity.
evolution of life on Earth..............
Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859 in his book On the Origin of Species. Darwin observed that species vary in traits and the individuals with traits better suited to their environment tended to survive and reproduce more, passing on those favorable traits. This gradual process of natural selection leads to evolution of species over generations as they adapt to their environment. Darwin's observations of finches and tortoises on the Galapagos Islands supported this theory by showing related but distinct species adapted to each local environment. The document provides examples of natural selection, extinction, and other evolutionary patterns like adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.
Evolution-Presentation grade 12.ppt
Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution and natural selection in 1859 in his book On the Origin of Species. Darwin observed that species vary in traits and the individuals with traits better suited to their environment tended to survive and pass on their genes more than others, resulting in evolution over time as populations diverged into new species. He saw examples of this on the Galapagos Islands with finches and tortoises varying between islands. His theory proposed that all life on Earth descended from common ancestors and adapted through natural selection to survive in their environments.
Evolution-Presentation784375847jjfws87.ppt
Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859 in his book On the Origin of Species. Darwin observed that species vary in traits and the individuals with traits better suited to their environment tended to survive and reproduce more, passing on those favorable traits. This gradual process of natural selection leads to evolution of species over generations as they adapt to their environment. Darwin's observations of finches and tortoises on the Galapagos Islands supported this theory by showing related but distinct species adapted to each local environment. The document provides examples of natural selection, extinction, and other evolutionary patterns like adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.
Evolution Part 2
This document discusses key concepts related to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It begins by describing Darwin's theory as a detailed, testable explanation for evolution that combines Mendel's ideas about heredity with observations of variation in nature. The document then presents examples of different types of natural selection, including scenarios where selection favors extreme or average traits. It also addresses other mechanisms of evolution such as genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, and speciation.
Evolution Part 2 - Mechanisms and Processes
The document describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It provides examples of how different traits within populations are selected for or against by environmental pressures, causing the populations to shift over generations. There are three main types of natural selection: directional selection, which favors extreme traits; stabilizing selection, which favors average traits; and disruptive selection, which favors both extremes. Factors like genetic drift, migration, and mutations can also drive evolutionary change over time.
Ch. 6.2 Theory of Evolution & Natural Selection
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution in the mid-1800s by observing organisms in their natural environments. He concluded that different tortoises on the Galapagos Islands came from a common ancestor but developed variations due to natural selection. Natural selection occurs when organisms with beneficial variations, like longer necks, live longer, compete better for resources, and reproduce more, passing the variation on to offspring over generations. Through this process, helpful variations can become adaptations that increase an organism's chance of survival.
natural_sel.pptx
The document provides instructions for folding a graphic organizer to explore Darwin and his ideas of evolution. It includes steps to fold the organizer along center and dotted lines, cut between boxes, and glue a section to the back page so the tabs can fold open. The organizer then prompts the user to think about questions related to Darwin such as what led to the diversity of species and what causes one species to turn into another. It also provides information about natural selection and its role in the preservation of favorable adaptations that allow for increased survival and reproduction.
Evolution
All living things today evolved from simple life forms over 3 billion years ago. Charles Darwin published his theory of natural selection in 1858, proposing that organisms better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes. Over time, natural selection leads to organisms changing as traits that increase chances of survival and reproduction become more common. While controversial initially, natural selection explains how species evolve in response to their environment over many generations without need for divine intervention.
Evolution-Presentation Monday.ppt
This document provides an overview of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses key parts of Darwin's theory, including that organisms change over time, change is gradual, all organisms descend from common ancestors, and the mechanism of natural selection. Examples are given of natural selection in Darwin's finches and peppered moths. The document also discusses concepts like adaptive radiation, divergent evolution, convergent evolution, and co-evolution. Reasons for extinction and applications of evolutionary theory are summarized.
Introduction to Theory of Evolution
The document summarizes key concepts about evolution from biology class. It describes how Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution through his observations on the Galapagos Islands of different finch species with specialized beaks. Darwin proposed that evolution occurs through overproduction of offspring, competition for resources, genetic variations or adaptations, and survival of the fittest. The theory helped explain how the first single-celled organisms evolved over 3 billion years into the diversity of species today through natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift acting on populations.
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Tang 02 wave quantum mechanic model
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22 acids + bases
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02b natural selection
- 2. Natural Selection The title of Darwin's evolutionary biology book in 1859 was: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
- 4. Natural Selection Darwin suggested that Natural Selection is the mechanism of evolution.
- 5. Think. Pair. Share. What is happening in this picture?
- 6. Natural Selection Natural selection is the favouring of a trait that is best suited for survival in its environment.
- 7. Natural Selection These traits arise from mutations. (Is this real?)
- 8. Natural Selection Many different traits within a species is called variation, and these variations are heritable.
- 9. Natural Selection Depending on the environment, different traits from a variety of species are more viable.
- 10. Natural Selection For example: •There is a population of mice living in a parking lot. Some are white and some are grey. •When a predator flies over the parking lot, it will eat the first mouse it sees.
- 11. Natural Selection For example: •Since the grey mice are more difficult to see on the concrete, white mice will be eaten more often than grey mice. •Nature has selected the grey fur allele for survival in this case. •The white fur allele may eventually die out in the parking lot population.
- 13. Natural Selection Which of these mantises are most likely to survive? ... In this desert?
- 14. Natural Selection Which of these cows are most likely to survive? ... In this prairie?
- 15. Natural Selection Which of these butterflies are most likely to survive? ... In this forest?