This document defines and provides examples of different types of chemical reactions including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, neutralization, and combustion reactions. Key aspects that determine the reaction type are whether reactants are elements, compounds, or if oxygen is involved. The position of elements in the periodic table also provides clues about reactivity in displacement reactions.

1. TYPES OF CHEMICAL
REACTIONS

2. A B+ A BA
A + B  AB
SYNTHESIS REACTION

3. A B+ A BA
A reaction where two
reactants combine to
make a larger, more
complex product
SYNTHESIS REACTION

4. HCl(g) + NH3(g)  NH4Cl(s)
SYNTHESIS REACTION

5. A B+A BA
AB  A + B
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

6. A reaction where a more
complex molecule breaks
down to form two or more
simpler products
A B+A BA
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

7. 2NH4NO3(s)  4H2O(g) + 2N2(g) + O2(g) + energy
Timothy McVeigh bombing, 1995
Regular building demolition with ammonium
nitrate explosives
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

8. 2KClO3(s) + energy  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

9. A + BC  AC + B
A + B CB + BA CA
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

10. A + B CB + BA CA
A reaction where an element
displaces another element in a
compound, producing a new
compound and a new element
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

11. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

12. Will this reaction occur?
The second reaction does not
occur. How will you know if a
single displacement reaction
will occur or not?
H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq) 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)
What about this reaction?
KNO3(aq) + Li(s)  K(s) + LiNO3(aq)
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

13. The activity
series
(also on page
130, Table 4.2)
The “Who’s Hot
and Who’s Not
Analogy”
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

14. MgSO4 + Zn  ?
Will this reaction occur?
This reaction will
not occur
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

15. REACTIVENESS
I2(aq) + CaBr2(aq)  ?
Will this reaction occur?
This reaction will not occur
Involving halogens…
The position of
halogens in the periodic
table tells you how
reactive they are
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

16. REACTIVENESS
Cl2(g) + KBr(aq)  ?
Will this reaction occur?
This reaction will occur
Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq)  2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
Involving halogens…
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

17. AD + BC  AC + BD
+ B CB +A CAA DA B DB
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

18. + B CB +A CAA DA B DB
A reaction where elements in
different compounds exchange
places, producing two new
compounds
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

19. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq)  PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

20. 3CoCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq)  Co3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)
Will this reaction occur?
A reaction will
occur only if the
following will be
produced
1)Gas
2)Solid precipitate
3)Water Solubility
table
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

21. 3CoCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq)  Co3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq)
Will this reaction occur? YES
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

22. If one of the products is H2CO3(aq) or NH4OH(aq),
then you will get a gas!
How will you know if the product is a gas?
CO2 is a gas, but not every gas is that simple to recognize
H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)
NH4OH(aq)  NH3(g) + H2O(l)
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

23. For example:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
The equation may be re-written as…
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq)  2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

24. Corrosive + corrosive  non-corrosive + non-corrosive
Neutralization reaction: Special type of
double displacement reaction
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + salt (sodium chloride)
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

25. Neutralization Reaction Example: Antacids neutralize stomach acid
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

26. fuel O2+
A reaction of a fuel with oxygen,
producing energy in the form of
heat and/or light
H2O
+ CO2
COMBUSTION REACTION

27. fuel O2+
H2O
+ CO2
COMBUSTION REACTION

28. Element + O2  “oxide” + energy
2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s) + energy P4(s) + 5O2(g)  P4O10(g) + energy
COMBUSTION REACTION

29. 1st
Type: COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Ex. CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + energy
When burning a fuel, there are two types of
combustion to consider:
COMBUSTION REACTION

30. 2nd
Type: INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon + energy
Ex. C4H10(g) + 5O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 5H2O(g) + CO(g) + C(s) + energy
POISONOUS!!!
BLACK!!!
COMBUSTION REACTION

31. K + Cl2  ?
1) Are the reactants in their pure elemental form (i.e. O2, Mg, Cl2)?
If yes, then this reaction is a SYNTHESIS REACTION
2K + Cl2  2KCl
So there should only be ONE product, and it should contain
both reactants
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

32. H2O  ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O  2H2 + O2
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

33. H2O2  ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O2  2H2O + O2
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

34. Zn + SnCl2  ?
3) If there are 2 reactants, is one of them a pure metal on its own?
If yes, then this reaction is a SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the metal that is on its own must take the place of the other
metal that is in the larger compound
Zn + SnCl2  ZnCl2 + Sn
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

35. NaCl + AgNO3  ?
4) Are both of the reactants compounds?
If yes, then this reaction is a DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the two metals must switch places with one another, forming
two new compounds
NaCl + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgCl
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

36. C8H18 + O2  ?
5) Is one of the reactants oxygen gas?
If yes, then this reaction is a COMBUSTION REACTION (as well as a
SYNTHESIS REACTION)
So the products must be an oxide and energy. If one of the
reactants is a hydrocarbon, then CO2 + H2O are the products.
2C8H18 + 25O2  16CO2 + 18H2O + energy
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION