Reproductive strategies involve adaptations that improve chances of fertilization or offspring survival. There are two main types: asexual reproduction requiring one parent produces clones, while sexual reproduction between two parents creates genetic variation. Asexual reproduction is simple but limits variation, while sexual reproduction requires more energy but allows adaptation to changing environments.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
This document will help you and will clear your concepts about the terms of Orthogenesis, Allometry & Adaptive Radiations, which are usually studied in evolution.
Reproductive behaviour: 1-Sexual behaviour in animalsrhfayed
Reproductive Behaviour involve behaviour patterns associated with courtship, copulation, birth, maternal care and with suckling attempts of newborn. It is species specific behaviour
Vittelogenesis is a word developed from Latin vitellus-yolk, and genero-produce
Vitellogenesis (also known as yolk deposition) is the process of yolk formation via nutrients being deposited in the oocyte, or female germ cell involved in reproduction of lecithotrophic organisms. In insects, it starts when the fat body stimulates the release of juvenile hormones and produces vitellogenin protein.
Yolks is the most usual form of food storage in the egg.
Yolks appear in the oocyte in the secondary period of their growth called vittelogenesis.
Thus,the formation and deposition of yolks is known as vittelogenesis
Characteristic
Yolks is a complex variable assembled component.
The principle component are protein,phospholipid and fats in different combination.
Depending upon these component yolks is distinguished into protein yolks and fatty acid
For eg- the avian contain 48.19% water , 16.6 % protein, 32.6% phospholipids and fats and 1% carbohydrates.
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )Al Nahian Avro
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
migration and dispersal are most popular terminology in bio-geographical context. Those processes help us to understand how species spread all over the earth.
Welcome to the fascinating world of reproduction in animals! In this chapter, we delve into the essential processes that ensure the continuation of life. Reproduction, the biological phenomenon that gives rise to new generations, comes in various forms. From the simple and efficient asexual reproduction to the complex and diverse realm of sexual reproduction, animals have evolved unique strategies to perpetuate their species.
As we journey through this chapter, we'll explore the mechanisms of asexual reproduction, where a single parent can give rise to offspring with identical genetic traits. On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the intricate dance between male and female gametes, contributing to the creation of offspring with a blend of characteristics from both parents.
Get ready to unravel the mysteries of the male and female reproductive systems, understand the significance of gametes, and explore the miraculous process of fertilization. Join us as we venture into the captivating world of reproduction in animals, where life's intricate tapestry is woven through the delicate threads of birth, growth, and continuity.
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
Vittelogenesis is a word developed from Latin vitellus-yolk, and genero-produce
Vitellogenesis (also known as yolk deposition) is the process of yolk formation via nutrients being deposited in the oocyte, or female germ cell involved in reproduction of lecithotrophic organisms. In insects, it starts when the fat body stimulates the release of juvenile hormones and produces vitellogenin protein.
Yolks is the most usual form of food storage in the egg.
Yolks appear in the oocyte in the secondary period of their growth called vittelogenesis.
Thus,the formation and deposition of yolks is known as vittelogenesis
Characteristic
Yolks is a complex variable assembled component.
The principle component are protein,phospholipid and fats in different combination.
Depending upon these component yolks is distinguished into protein yolks and fatty acid
For eg- the avian contain 48.19% water , 16.6 % protein, 32.6% phospholipids and fats and 1% carbohydrates.
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.
Iczn(The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature )Al Nahian Avro
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals. The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
migration and dispersal are most popular terminology in bio-geographical context. Those processes help us to understand how species spread all over the earth.
Welcome to the fascinating world of reproduction in animals! In this chapter, we delve into the essential processes that ensure the continuation of life. Reproduction, the biological phenomenon that gives rise to new generations, comes in various forms. From the simple and efficient asexual reproduction to the complex and diverse realm of sexual reproduction, animals have evolved unique strategies to perpetuate their species.
As we journey through this chapter, we'll explore the mechanisms of asexual reproduction, where a single parent can give rise to offspring with identical genetic traits. On the other hand, sexual reproduction involves the intricate dance between male and female gametes, contributing to the creation of offspring with a blend of characteristics from both parents.
Get ready to unravel the mysteries of the male and female reproductive systems, understand the significance of gametes, and explore the miraculous process of fertilization. Join us as we venture into the captivating world of reproduction in animals, where life's intricate tapestry is woven through the delicate threads of birth, growth, and continuity.
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
This power point is prepared to made easy to understand the method of asexual reproduction for students.
This is a quick review which may save your time...
Enjoy... :)
While asexual reproduction only involves one organism, sexual reproduction requires both a male and a female. Some plants and unicellular organisms reproduce asexually. Most mammals and fish use sexual reproduction. Some organisms like corals and komodo dragons can reproduce either sexually or asexually. But in the long term (over several generations), lack of sexual reproduction compromises their ability to adapt to the environment because they do not benefit from the genetic variation introduced by sexual reproduction.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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Assuring Contact Center Experiences for Your Customers With ThousandEyes
Reproductive strategies (bd)
1.
2. Reproductive strategies are
structural, functional and behavioural
adaptations that improve the chances of
fertilization and/or increase the survival rate of
3.
4. Asexual Reproduction
Requires only one parent
Offspring have 100% the
same chromosomes as
the parent.
In other words, the
offspring are exact
“clones” of the parent.
Mitosis
5. Types of Asexual Reproduction
There are several different types of asexual
reproduction they are:
Binary Fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Regeneration
Parthenogenesis
6. Binary Fission
Binary Fission Occurs in:
Bacteria
Protists
Binary fission is a form
of asexual reproduction
where every organelle
is copied and the
organism divides in two.
6
7. Budding
Hydra
Budding is a means of asexual reproduction whereby a
new individual develops from an outgrowth of a
parent, splits off, and lives independently.
8. Fragmentation
Fragmentation is a means of asexual reproduction
whereby a single parent breaks into parts that
regenerate into whole new individuals.
Starfish Planarians
8
9. Regeneration
Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off
and the organism grows a new one.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7cXeWxxfD4
9
10.
11. Parthenogenesis
This type of reproduction involves the development of
an egg that has not been fertilized into an individual.
Animals like most kinds of wasps, bees, and ants that
have no sex chromosomes reproduce by this process.
Some reptiles and fish are also capable of reproducing
in this manner.
12.
13. Sexual Reproduction
Requires two parents that
each share ½ of the
genetic information.
Offspring share the
characteristics of each
parent.
Meiosis to create sex
cells
14. Sexual Reproduction
All the members of the Animal
Kingdom
Fish
Mammals
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Crustaceans
15. Sexual Reproduction in plants
Plant Kingdom
Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants.
Male flower Female flower
Some flowers have both male and female reproductive
organs on the same flower.
16. Sexual Reproduction
Happens 2 ways
Internally (inside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
Externally (outside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes
them.
Fish and some amphibians
Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
16
17. Summary
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
No genetic differences Random gamete formation
and combination allows
genetic variation
Simple and easy – no need Must find a suitable partner
to find a mate – time and effort
Little energy expended More energy required
Good strategy when Good strategy when
environmental conditions environmental conditions
are favourable are variable
18.
19. External versus Internal fertilisation
Male gametes are small, fragile and prone to
dehydration. Aquatic organisms are able to disperse
their gametes in the water around them. Terrestrial
organisms require alternative methods to ensure
viable sperm is able to fertilize the egg.
20. Broadcast Spawning: Reef fish that gather
together and release their eggs and sperm
simultaneously into the water – these eggs are
termed ‘pelagic’, or free-floating. (eg.
Boxfish, abalone and coral)
21. Demersal Spawning:
Fish that lay eggs together
in a type of ‘nest’ (a hollow
in the sand or a crevice in
rocks) which are then
fertilised by the males are
demersal spawners. They
produce larger and fewer
eggs than broadcast
spawners, because energy
is needed to guard and
clean the eggs. (eg.
Anenome fish)
23. Monogamy
More than 90% of bird species are monogamous, that is, they form pairs
for one or more breeding seasons. Eg. Eagles, albatross and brolgas.
These species are more likely to have altricial development (require
significant parental care).
30. Slow (K) vs Fast (r)
Large body size • Small body size
Long life span • Short life span
Take a long time to • Sexually mature very
sexually mature quickly (weeks to
months)
31. Slow (K) vs Fast (r)
Typically carry 1-2 • Carry/hatch many young
young • Must care for themselves
Protect and nurture at an early age
their young • Low Survivorship of
High survivorship (type young (many die) – type
1) of species over time. 3
32.
33. Eggs or live born young?
Oviparity – eggs released by the mother so embryos
develop outside mother’s body with nutrients for the
embryo coming from the egg yolk
Viviparity – embryos develop within the mother’s
body and are born as miniature copies of the adult.
Nutrition of the developing embryo within the mother
occurs in different ways.
34. Oviparity
Oviparous animals lay hard-
shelled eggs that act as a
‘pond’ for the developing
embryo.
The yolk of the egg acts as a
source of nutrients.
The size of the newly
hatched young is
determined by the yolk
supply in the egg – the
larger the yolk, the larger
the young.
35. Vivaparity – Live birth
Placental mammals (Eg.
humans, cats, dogs, sheep and cows).
Viviparity increases the chance of
survival by protecting the young within
a female’s body rather than leaving
them exposed to predators