The document summarizes key characteristics and types of organisms in Kingdom Monera. Monera consists of prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles and reproduce through binary fission. Archaebacteria and eubacteria are the two main types of bacteria, with archaebacteria able to live in extreme conditions and eubacteria including most decomposer species. Common bacterial structures and processes like the cell wall, flagella, and chemosynthesis are also outlined.

1. Kingdom Monera

2. Kingdom Monera Characteristics:
5 main characteristics of bacteria:
1. Prokaryotes This is the only prokaryotic kingdom
2. Unicellular
3. No membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm
4. Single circular chromosome
5. Reproduces by binary fission “splitting in two”

3. Diagram of a typical bacterial cell
 Pili = for movement
 Cell wall = structure,
support, & protection of
bacteria
 Cytoplasm = fluid part
around organelles
 Ribosome = make proteins
 Flagellum = some have
these for movement
 Chromosomes = circular
DNA – genetic information

4. Archaebacteria:
 Resemble 1st
life forms on earth – primitive
 Able to live in extreme conditions = extremophiles
Thermophiles – extreme temperature
Halophiles – very salty
Acidophiles – very acidic
Alkaliphiles – very basic
Methanogens – methane gas

5. Eubacteria:
 Largest group of Monerans
 Majority of bacteria
 Most are decomposers / heterotrophs /
saprophytes
 Some photosynthesize like cyanobacteria or
chemosynthesize

6. TED – How Bacteria Talk
 http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate

7. Define the following in your own words.
Record into your notes.
 Obligate aerobe & give an example
 Obligate anaerobe & give an example
 Facultative anaerobe
 Fermentation
 Parasite
 Saprophyte
 Decomposers
 Symbiosis
 Photosynthesis
 Chemosynthesis