Monera Characters of Monera Bacteria Structure of bacteria Bacterial shape Archeobacteria Eubacteria Cyanobacteria Actinomyces

1. MONERA
 Single cell
 No nucleus
 Prokaryotic
 Simplest kind of living thing.
 They are uni-cellular.
 They reproduce a sexually by binary fission or brandding.
 The cell wall is rigid.
 They made up of peptidaglycan.
 They contam tos ribosomes.
 They are found in hot spring snow deep ocesn etc.
 Tey are environmental decomposers.
 They show differental mode of outotrophic, parasatic, heterotrophic.

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF MONERA
 The Monerans are unicellular organisms.
 They contain 70S ribosomes.
 The DNA is naked and is not bound by a nuclear
membrane.
 It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes,
plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum,
centrosome, etc.
 They reproduce asexually by binary fission or budding.

3. BACTERIA
 Envolutionary history
 Found roughly 3.2-3.5 billion years ago.
 Kingdome monera.
 Prokaryote=no nucleus or internal compartments.
 All are single cells.
 Single circular piece of DNA

4. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA

5. BACTERIAL SHAPE
Bacteria possess the following different shapes:
 Cocci- Bacteria are spherical or oval in shape.
 Bacilli- These are rod-shaped bacteria with or
without flagella.
 Vibrios- These are comma or kidney-shaped small
bacteria with flagella at one end.
 Spirillum- These are spiral or coiled shaped.
 Filament- The body consists of small filaments like
fungal mycelia.
 Stalked- The bacterium possesses a stalk.
 Budded– The body of the bacterium is swollen at
places.

6. ARCHAEBACTERIA
 They belong to the kingdom Monera.
 Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living
organisms on Earth.
 They are mainly unicellular.
 Peptidoglycan is not present in the cell wall and
is made up of protein.
 Archaea have rigid cell walls with diverse
structures.

7. EUBACTERIA
 Eubacteria are also known as “true bacteria”.
 The cell wall is rigid and made up of peptidoglycans.
 It moves with the help of flagella.
 A few bacteria contain short appendages on the cell
surface.
 They are divided into two categories; gram-positive and
gramnegative
 Rhizobium and Clostridium are two eubacteria.

8. CYANOBACTERIA
 These are also known as blue-green algae.
 These bacteria are photosynthetic in nature.
 They contain chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins.
 They are found in the aquatic region.
 Some of these even fix atmospheric nitrogen.
 Nostoc, Anabaena, Spirulina are some cyanobacteria.

9. ACTINOMYCES
 These are the organisms with charactoristics common
to both bacteria and fungi.
 They are unicellular like bacteria.
 They do not have distinct cell-wall.
 Their cell wall is without chitin and cellulose.
 Actinomycetes colonies grow slowly.
 Actinomycetes are numerous and widely distributed in
soil and are next to bacteria in abundance.

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