The document provides an overview of the Kingdom Fungi, detailing its unicellular and multicellular organisms, modes of nutrition, and reproduction methods. It classifies fungi into four main groups: phycomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, and deuteromycetes, each with distinctive characteristics and examples. Fungi are primarily decomposers, exhibiting either asexual or sexual reproduction, and their cellular structure includes a chitin or fungal cellulose cell wall.

1. Kingdom Fungi

2. Kingdom Fungi
Deparment Of Botany
Preapared by
Dr. P. B.Cholke
(Assistant Professor in Botany)
Pune District Education Association’s
Anantrao Pawar College ,Pirangut,
Tal-Mulshi, Dist-Pune- 412115

3. Kingdom: Fungi
• Kingdom Fungi includes Unicellular ( Yeast) or
multicellular and filamentous (Penicillium)
organisms.
• Unicellular organisms have a protoplast with
many nuclei e.g. Rhizopus or with a single
nucleus e.g. Yeast.
• Filamentous organisms consist of a body
called Mycelium in which a number of thread
like structures called Hypae are present.

4. • The hyphae with septa is known as septate.
• The hyphae without septa is known as aseptate.
• Hyphae may be uninucleated or multinucleated.
• The non-septate multinucleated hyphae are
called coenocytic hyphae.

5. • The cell wall in fungi is composed of Chitin or
fungal cellulose.
• Fungi contain well organized membrane
bound cell organelles except the chloroplast.
• Fungi exhibit heterotrophic mode of
nutrition. most are saprophytes- They absorb
food which is decomposed (digested) outside.
• Some are parasites or predators and some are
symbiotic.
• Reproduction is vegetative, asexual or sexual.

6. Classification of Fungi
• A) Phycomycetes
• B) Ascomycetes
• C) Basidiomycetes
• D) Deuteromycetes

7. A) Phycomycetes
• Commonly called as Algal Fungi.
• Body consist of coenocytic hyphae.
• These fungi commonly grow in moist and damp
habitats on decaying organic matter.
• They reproduce asexually by spore formation.
• Spores are endogenous, which are produced
inside the sporangia( spore mother cell).
• Examples:
• Mucor
• Rhizopus
• Albigo is a parasitic phycomycetes.

10. B) Ascomycetes
• Commonly called as Sac Fungi.
• They are mostly multicellular, body is of thallus
like or somatic body composed of branched
septate hyphae.
• They produce endogenous sexual spores called
ascospores in sac like structure called asci.
• Some produce fruiting bodies ( ascocarps) which
enclose asci.
• The asexual and endogenously produced spores
are called as conidia.

12. • Conidia are produced at the tip of septate
hyphae called conidiophores.
• Examples:
• Aspergillus
• Penicillium
• Neurospora
• Yeast is an example of unicellular
ascomycetes.

14. C) Basidiomycetes
• Are Commonly called as Club Fungi.
• It includes bracket fungi, rusts, smuts etc.
• They have branched septate hyphae.
• Asexual reproduction is absent but they
reproduce by vegetative method by means of
fragmentation.
• Sex organs are lacking.
• The fusion of two vegetative cells or somatic cells
called somatogamy, produces dikaryotic
mycelium which give rise to basidia or a firuiting
body called basidiocarp.

16. • Basidiocarp contains many basidia which
produce sexual spores called basidiospores,
exogenously.
• Examples:
• Agaricus, Ustilago, Puccinia etc.

19. D) Deuteromycetes
• It is temporary group of fungi .
• They reproduce only asexually.
• They are commonly called imperfect fungi.
• When their sexual reproduction is discovered
they are transferred to their respective group.
• They mostly decomposers, while few are
parasitic.
• Examples: Alternaria, colletotrichum, Tricophyton
etc.