2. OBJECTIVES
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1. describe an element and a compound;
2. explain the difference between an
element and a compound; and
3. cite examples of elements and
compounds (S7MT-Ig-h-5).
3. • Review Matter
• Phases of Matter
• Classification of Matter
• Elements
• Compounds
5. Matter can be found in
three different types.
These three types are
considered the three
STATES of MATTER.
1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gasses
6. A SOLID is matter that has a
defined shape and will not
lose its shape.
FIXED VOLUME AND FIXED
SHAPE
Examples of solids:
1. Chair
2. Table
3. Golf Ball
4. Hockey Puck
5. Glass Jar
7. A LIQUID is matter that
will take the shape of any
container it is placed in
put has a fixed volume.
Examples of LIQUIDS:
1. Water
2. Soda
3. Milk
4. Juice
5. Tomato Sauce
8. A GAS is matter that does
NOT have a fixed shape or
volume, but will completely
take up all the space in a
container.
Examples of GASSES:
1. Oxygen
2. Helium
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Nitrogen
5. Carbon Monoxide
10. “This concoction is an example of a
suspension - a mixture of two substances,
one of which is finely divided and
dispersed in the other. In the case of the
cornstarch quicksand, it's a solid dispersed
in a liquid.
When you punch the cornstarch , you
force the long starch molecules closer
together. The impact of this force traps
the water between the starch chains to
form a semi-rigid structure. When the
pressure is released, the cornstarch flows
again.”
11. • An element is a pure
substance that cannot
be broken down into
simpler substances but
can be chemically
combined with one
another to produce
another substance.
• This makes elements
as a homogenous
example of matter.
12. • Elements could either have
physical and chemical
properties.
• Physical Properties
• This is a property that can
be readily observed
through the human senses.
• Chemical Properties
• This is a property that can
be attained once an
element undergoes change
in composition such as
burning.
13. 1. Luster- shiny in
appearance
2. Volume- amount of
space occupied by an
object.
3. Color- the aspect of the
appearance of object and
light sources.
4. Mass- the amount of
material it contains.
5. Shape- appearance or
form of a sample matter.
14. 1. Flammability- ability to be
burnt easily or undergo
combustion.
2. Oxidation- to be rusted or
being oxidized and form
oxides.
3. Toxicity- the relative degree
of being poisonous.
4. Acidity- the state of being
acidic by nature.
5. Stability- resistance to
chemical change or to
physical disintegration
15. It is a tabular display of
the chemical elements,
which are arranged by
atomic number, electron
configuration, and
recurring chemical
properties.
16. • 118 Elements in PTE
• 94 elements are naturally
occurring.
• In the late 1800s, Dmitri
Mendeleev, a Russian
chemist arranged the chemical
elements according to
increasing atomic masses and
it resulted to a periodic trend
in properties
17. Name Origins of Some Elements
Origin Examples
Color
1. Chorine from Greek chloros meaning “greenish-
yellow”
2. Iodine from Greek iodes meaning “violet”
3. Cesium from coesius meaning “skyblue”
4. Iridum from Latin iris meaning ‘rainbow”
5. Rubidium from Latin rubidus meaning “deepest red”
6. Rhodium from rhodon meaning “rose”
People
1. Einsteinium from Albert Einstein, the proponent of
the relativity theory
2. Curium from Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverer
of the element radium
3. Fermium from Enrico Fermi, pioneer in nuclear
physics
4. Nobelium from Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite
a27nd founder of the Nobel Prize
5. Mendelevium from Dmitri Mendeleev, the chief
architect of the Periodic Table
18. Name Origins of Some Elements
Origin Examples
Name of
Celestial
Bodies
1. Cerium from Ceres, the first asteroid being
discovered
2. Helium from Helios which means sun
3. Neptunium from planet Neptune
4. Plutonium from dwarf planet Pluto
5. Tellurium from Tellus which means Earth
6. Mercury from the planet Mercury
7. Uranium from the planet Uranus
Names of
Mythological
Figures
1. Arsenic from Arsenikus which means brave male
2. Cobalt from the word Kobold which means evil spirits
3. Nickel from Nickel also which means devil
4. Thorium form Thor who is the Norse god of war
5. Wolfram of tungsten which means wolf
19. Name Origins of Some Elements
Origin Examples
Names of
Minerals and
Ores
1. Aluminum from Alumen which means alum
2. Boron from the mineral Borah which means borax
3. Calcium from Calx which means chalk
4. Fluorine from Flour Lapis which means fluorspar
5. Silicon from the ore Sitex which means flint
Geographical
Names
1. Americium, Berkelium, and Californium from USA,
Berkeley, and California.
2. Germanium from Winkler, Germany
3. Polonium from Poland
20. • It was Jacob Berzelius
(1779-1848),
• A Sweden chemist, who
proposed that a chemical
element be represented by
one or two letters or by a
chemical symbol.
24. • These are elements found on the
left side of metalloids.
• Majority of the elements are
metals.
METALS
Properties Definition
Lustrous Being shiny in appearance
Solids
At room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, metals are
generally solid except for
mercury.
Malleability
Able to be drawn into thin plates
or any shapes without breaking
Ductility Able to be drawn into fine wires
High boiling
points
The temperature at which a
substance starts to boil
High melting
points
The temperature at which a
substance starts to melt
Conductivity Able to conduct electricity well
25. USES OF METALS
METALS USES
Cadmium used in plating other metals for protection and is
widely used in paint production and nuclear
reactors.
Mercury useful in making thermometers, barometers, and
electric switches
Zinc used in coating other metals such as iron to prevent
corrosion. It is also utilized for medicine, fiberboard,
and automobile parts.
Aluminum the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. It is
hard, light, and does not easily rust
Magnesium highly utilized in the production of airplanes
Copper used as carriers of electric currents in wires
Calcium is needed for making cement, bleaching powders,
and plaster of Paris
Sodium present in soaps and detergents
Gold and Silver Making jewelries.
26. • These are elements found on the
right side of metalloids.
• 18 elements are non-metals
including Hydrogen.
NON--METALS
General Properties
1. Nonmetals are not lustrous at all when they are
in solid forms.
2. Nonmetals can be gases or volatile liquids at
room temperature and others can still be solid. If
they are in solid forms, they tend to become dull,
powdery, or brittle
3. Nonmetals break easily. They are not malleable
at all.
4. Most nonmetals have low boiling and melting
points except for carbon in the form of diamond.
5. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and
electricity due to their loosely held electrons.
27. USES OF NON--METALS
Nonmetal Description Uses
Carbon Found in every organic molecule.
All living things have carbon in their
bodies and their compound.
Carbon dioxide is one of the
key ingredients in glucose
formation in leaves through the
process of photosynthesis in
plants.
. It is also found in pencils and
diamonds
Oxygen Oxygen is considered as the gas of
life. Life on earth is not possible
without this nonmetal.
The composition of the Earth’s
atmosphere that allows humans to
survive is made up of 20% oxygen.
This gas is important for
respiration to occur and for cells
to carry out their biological
functions in our bodies.
Iodine Can be easily obtained from
seawater that is why seafood is rich
in iodine.
. It can easily change state from
solid to gas without passing through
its liquid form in a process called
sublimation.
Iodine which is highly
recommended to prevent goiter.
28. USES OF NON--METALS
Nonmetal Description Uses
Hydrogen Is the lightest among all the
elements on Earth and is
considered as the most abundant
element in the universe.
Commercial fixation of nitrogen
from the, air in the Haber,
ammonia process,
hydrogenation of fats and oils,
methanol production, rocket
fuel, wielding, production of
hydrochloric acid, reduction of
metallic ores
Helium It is less dense than air. When
compressed, helium becomes liquid
Helium is used in flying
airplanes and balloons. It is
used in the cooling process in
refrigerators.
Neon It is a colorless, odorless, inert
monatomic gas under standard
conditions, with about two-thirds the
density of air.
It is used primarily to light up
gas tubes in advertising
displays.
Chlorine It is one of the essential minerals
that carry charges in your body
especially in the transmission of
chemical signals in the nervous
system
It is also present in bleaches,
pesticides, and disinfectants
and widely used as water
treatment agents in swimming
pools.
30. Compounds are made up
of two or more elements
that are chemically
combined producing a
new set of properties.
31. Properties of Compounds
1. Compounds cannot be
separated into other substances
by physical methods but by
chemical means only.
32. Properties of Compounds
2. Shorthand in writing compounds is
chemical formulas while elements are
chemical symbols.
Example:
water - H2O (chemical formula)
hydrogen - H (chemical symbol)
oxygen - O (chemical symbol)
33. Properties of Compounds
3. Elements in compounds are always combined in fixed
proportions.
Name of the
Compound
Chemical
Formula
Composition Proportion
A. water H2O 2 Hydrogen (H)
1 Oxygen (O)
2:1
B. table salt NaCl 1 Sodium (Na)
1 Chlorine (Cl)
1:1
C. table sugar C12H22O11 12 Carbon (C)
22 Hydrogen (H)
11 oxygen (O)
12:22:11
34. ADDITIONAL INPUTS
1. Generally, compounds have chemical names and
common names
Chemical formula Chemical name Common name
A. NaCl sodium chloride table salt
B. H2O dihydrogen oxide water
C. CH4 carbon tetrahydride methane
35. ADDITIONAL INPUTS
2. Compounds are useful in our daily needs.
Name of the
Compound
Chemical
formula
Uses
A. water H2O
drinking, washing,
watering, cleaning
B. table salt NaCl seasoning
C. table sugar C12H22O11 sweetener
D. agua
oxigenada
H2O2 cleaning wounds
36. Compounds can be classified
into acids and bases.
Indicators – are objects or
substances that are used to
determine the acidity or basicity
of another substance.
• Indicators contains
anthocyanin.
• Anthocyanin are compounds
found in most flowers and
some vegetables, typically,
red in acid, purple in neutral,
and blue in basic solution.
ACID AND BASE
37. Types of INDICATORS
1. Litmus paper -
used to test the
acidity and basicity
of a substance
where acids turn
blue litmus paper
into red while
bases turn red
litmus paper into
blue.
38. Types of INDICATORS
2. pH Scale -
Another way of
determining the
acidity and basicity
of a substance is
using the pH
(potential of
Hydrogen ion)
scale.
39. Types of INDICATORS
3. Natural
Indicators-
There are
many
indicators that
come from
plant sources.
40. Types of INDICATORS
4 pH Meter - is a
scientific instrument
that measures the
hydrogen-ion activity
in water-based
solutions, indicating
its acidity or alkalinity
expressed as pH.
41. What is an ACID?
• Are compounds that contain
Hydrogen ions
• When dissolved in water, an
acid releases hydrogen ions
(H+)
PROPERTIES
1. Acids taste sour.
2. Acids are corrosives
3. Acids are electrolytes
4. Acid turn blue litmus paper to
red.
42. What is a BASE?
• Substances that produce
hydroxide ions (OH-) when
they dissolve in water.
• Hydroxide ions are negatively
charges.
1. Bases taste bitter.
2. Bases feel slippery to touch
3. Bases are electrolytes
4. Bases turn red litmus paper
to blue.
PROPERTIES
43. 1. Read the poem “The Lost Element”, and
let the students identify the elements (Oral or
written).
2. ‘My Idol Transformer’, let the students
determine the metallic and nonmetallic
elements in this activity.
44. THE LOST ELEMENT
by: Jaypee Kadalem Balera
I think I was lost
My home is too far at any cost
I am tired finding home-made of lead
So that solar radiation will not anymore be
spread,
The heat from Sun makes me float
Like Helium inside a balloon
that makes it bloat As I go far,
I feel numb and bursting
Like a bullet powder made of Potassium
Nitrate that makes us shaking
45. I hope I can go home now
I feel my lungs did not function somehow
Hope oxygen will fill me completely Before
carbon dioxide will be mine totally
As I walk in the lonely road above the
mountains
As I walk in the lonely road above the
mountains
It is sad to see land mine of gold and copper be
broken This shows how the environment
suffered much everyday
Hope my home will be back with me again like a
brand-new day
My body is already in pained and drained
With essential elements from water made up of
hydrogen and oxygen I want to quench my thirst
soon
To fast track the lost element which is my
Home.
