The document outlines the objectives, activities, and content of a lesson on ecological relationships. The objectives are to enumerate five ecological relationships, define key terms like mutualism and parasitism, categorize relationship photos, and apply knowledge to examples. Students will be split into groups to define terms, create organizers, match words to meanings, categorize photos, give examples, and identify impacts of relationships. The content then defines ecology, environments, biotic and abiotic factors, levels of ecological organization, niches, producers, consumers, decomposers, energy transfer between trophic levels, ecological pyramids, food chains, food webs, biological magnification, and relationship types like predation, competition, and symbiosis.
This presentation summarizes the major concepts about interactions of organisms while highlighting the ecosystem, competition, symbiosis and the ecological niche.
I can't claim credit for this presentation's original format; which a colleague downloaded. I've just added and tweaked a little so that it fits within my class's syllabus.
This presentation summarizes the major concepts about interactions of organisms while highlighting the ecosystem, competition, symbiosis and the ecological niche.
I can't claim credit for this presentation's original format; which a colleague downloaded. I've just added and tweaked a little so that it fits within my class's syllabus.
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. OBJECTIVES
Knowledge: Enumerate the five ecological relationship
Skills: Define the 5 ecological relationships (Mutualism,
Commensalism,
Parasitism, Predation, and competition);
Categorize relationships photo between organisms according to
predator-prey, competition or symbiosis (mutualism,
commensalism
and parasitism).
Identify how each member of a relationship is affected by the
other
by using these symbols(+, -, =)
Attitudes: Apply their knowledge and understanding of symbiotic
relationships to real-world examples.
Values: Appreciate the importance of the different ecological
2. ACTIVITY
GROUP
1
GROUP
2
GROUP
3
GROUP
4
GROUP
5
GROUP
6
DEFINE ME
The group will
define the terms
related to
interaction
ORGANIZE ME
Students are
going to make a
graphic
organizer of
ecological
interaction base
on the video
presented
.
MATCH ME UP
They are going
to match up the
words and its
meaning
WHERE DO I
BELONG?
They are going
to categorize the
different
interaction
photos as to
where it belongs
EXAMPLE TIME
This group is
going to give at
least one
example of each
ecological
relationship
AM I
AFFECTED??
This group is
going to identify
what type of
relationship is
being shown of
the examples
given by group
5. They will use
+ sign if
benefited, - sign
if harmed or
affected and = if
neutral, no
impact or nothing
happened.
4. What is Ecology?
The science of ecology includes
everything from global processes
(above), the study of various
marine and terrestrial habitats
(middle) to individual interspecific
interactions like predation and
pollination (below).
5. Ecology is…
the study of the
interactions between
living organisms and their
biotic and abiotic
environments.
Ecology is therefore the
study of the relationship
of plants and animals to
their physical and
biological environment.
6. And the ENVIRONMENT is…
The surroundings of an organism that affect its
life and development.
7. An environment is characterized by the ABIOTIC and
BIOTIC factors.
Abiotic factors are non-living.
Abiotic factors include science like chemistry, physics
and geology.
Interactions of abiotic factors result in weather,
seasonal changes, tides, air quality, and water quality
Biotic factors are living and can be categorized
within an ecosystem structure…
Species Population Community
ECOSYSTEM: all of the communities that live in an
area together with the abiotic factors in the
environment
8. A dead tree is not
alive but not
considered
abiotic….why?
10. Biotic features are all living things in the
biosphere.
The biosphere is all the
parts of Earth that support
life.
This measures
approximately 20km thick
(12.4 miles)! Most life on
Earth exists between 500m
below the surface of the
ocean and about 6km
above sea level.
11. What types of
communities make
up these
ecosystems?
What types of
abiotic factors are
influencing these
ecosystems?
12. How are Biotic Factors organized?
King Philip Came Over For Great Soup!
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
All biotic factors are grouped into major kingdoms
based upon similar physical characteristics…we
will deal with 6.
13. Listed in descending order of
complexity:
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Eubacteria
Archeobacteria
14. Abiotic and Biotic factors are
intimately intertwined….
Geographic location (latitude
and longitude) determines
abiotic factors such as
temperature and
climate….which in turn, dictates
or forces a certain type of
ecosystem to exist.
16. AN ORGANISM’S NICHE
Habitat: the actual place an
organism lives
Niche: both living and non-
living parts of an
ecosystem that determines
an organism’s role in the
ecosystem.
If two species share the
same niche, they will have
various interactions.
How can species interact?
17. These relationships are complex. Each
population of species interacts with other
species, or biotic factors, as well as with the
all of the abiotic factors.
The niche of an organism and it’s
interactions is determined by where it stands
in the ecological structure of the ecosystem.
-Producers
-Consumers
-Decomposers
-Scavengers
18. PRODUCERS
Producers are autotrophic
organisms that make their
own food.
Phototrophic organisms
use photosynthesis and
contain chlorophyll
(Carbon Dioxide + Water
+ Sunlight =Sugar +
Oxygen)
Chemotrophic organisms
use chemicals other than
H20, such as H2S
20. CONSUMERS
Consumers are heterotrophic organisms that
cannot make their own food. They must ingest
(eat) other organisms.
-Herbivores feed on vegetation (producers).
-Carnivores feed on herbivores or on other
carnivores.
Secondary carnivores feed on herbivores,
Tertiary consumers feed on other carnivores
-Omnivores feed on both producers and
consumers
-Scavengers feed on dead or decaying organisms
22. Scavengers feed on CARRION (dead or injured
animal corpses) and dead plant biomass.
Scavengers reduce the size of dead organic
matter…Decomposers will finish the job!
23. DECOMPOSERS are heterotrophs that recycle small,
often microscopic bits of dead organic matter into
inorganic nutrients availbe for plants to take up from the
soil. Decomposers RECYCLE nutrients!
BACTERIA and FUNGI are decomposers…most worms
are plant scavengers!
24. Energy in the Ecosystem
Energy from the sun enters and
ecosystem when producers
used the energy to make
organic matter through
photosynthesis.
Glucose is the primary energy
source (carbohydrate) produced
by photosynthesis.
Consumers take in this energy
when they eat producers or
other consumers.
25. Energy in the Ecosystem
Plants absorb less than 1% of the sunlight
that reaches them!
However, photosynthetic organisms make
170 billion metric tons of food each
year!
The energy captured by producers is used
to make cells in both producers and
consumers.
26. TROPHIC LEVELS
Trophic levels are the
different feeding levels of
organisms in an ecosystem.
Producers are the first trophic
level and consumers make
up several more.
These relationships can be
seen in an ecological
pyramid.
Biomass: the total amount of
organic matter present in a
trophic level. The biomass in
each trophic level is the
amount of energy- in the form
of food- available to the next
27. The Ten Percent Law
Most of the energy that enters
through organisms in a trophic level
does not become biomass. Only
energy used to make biomass
remains available to the next level.
When all of the energy losses are
added together, only about 10% of
the energy entering one trophic
level forms biomass in the next
trophic level. This is known as the
10 percent law.
28. The 10 percent law is the main reason that
most food chains have five or less links.
Because 90 percent of the food chain’s energy
is lost at each level, the amount of available
energy decreases quickly.
10 PERCENT
LAW!!
MORE Ten Percent Law
30. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
PRODUCERS = Autotrophic Plants
Primary Consumers= HERBIVORES
Secondary Consumers= CARNIVORES
EATING HERBIVORES
Tertiary Consumers= CARNIVORE
EATING OTHER CARNIVORES
Remember
scavengers and
decomposers can
enter at any level!
31. Ecological Pyramids
Relative amounts of energy are represented in an
ecological pyramid: a diagram that shows the
relative amounts of energy in different trophic
levels in an ecosystem. An ecological pyramid
can show energy, biomass, or the number of
organisms in a food web.
35. Food Chains
A Food CHAIN is a
series of organisms
that transfer food
between the trophic
levels of an
ecosystem using only
one species at each
level…a simple chain.
The arrows represent
the flow of energy
from one organism to
the next.
The arrow points
toward the organism
doing the ‘eating’.
36. Food Webs
Ecosystems are not as
simple as shown and not
often explained by a
single food chain… Food
WEBS more accurately
show the network of
food chains
representing the
feeding relationships
among organisms in an
ecosystem.
Most organisms feed on
more than one type of
organism at different
trophic levels.
37. How do Food Webs show complexity?
The diversity and stability of an ecosystem is
represented by more complex webs that have
many species and many interactions (lots of
arrows) because they are more stable…more
resistant to disturbance by natural disaster or
human interference. Why?
38. Biological Magnification
BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION
The concentration of a pollutant in organisms increases
at higher trophic levels in the food web because these
chemicals build-up in the fatty tissues of these organism
and do not dissolve or flush-out of the organism.
DDT & Mercury examples:
DDT is a pesticide used to kill insects like malaria-carrying
mosquitoes. However, this chemical will magnify in concentration
in larger organisms like birds and mammals and harm their
reproductive abilities.
Bald eagle populations declined rapidly to the point of extinction
as an endangered species as mother birds were not able to
incubate or hatch their eggs because the eggs shells were too
thin and would crush and break when sat upon to keep warm in
the nest.
39. Biological Magnification
As the living
organisms eats more,
the concentration of
these substances
increases as they pass
from one trophic level
to the next.
40. The day it Rained
cats…
A bizarre case of ecological damage from DDT
occurred in Borneo after the World Health
Organization sprayed huge amounts of the
pesticide. The area's geckos, or lizards, feasted on
the houseflies that had been killed by DDT. The
geckos, in turn, were devoured by local cats.
Unhappily, the cats perished in such large numbers
from DDT poisoning that the rats they once kept in
check began overrunning whole villages. Alarmed
by the threat of plague, WHO officials were forced
to replenish Borneo's supply of cats by parachute.
41.
42. RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ECOSYSTEM
Predator/Prey: One organism (predator) will
actively hunt and consume another (prey).
Competition: two or more organisms of same
or different species compete to use the same
limited resources or basic needs
43. Parasitism: an organism
(parasite) lives in or on another
(host) and feeds on it without
immediately killing it
Mutualism: a cooperative
partnership between two
species (both benefit)
Commensalism: a relationship
where one species benefits and
the other remains unaffected
Symbiotic Relationships
44. Coevolution
When two or more species evolve in response to each other, it is
called coevolution.
Examples of coevolution may be found between predators and
their prey.
Plants and insects represent a classic case of coevolution — one
that is often, but not always, mutualistic. Many plants and their
pollinators are so reliant on one another and their relationships are
so exclusive that biologists have good reason to think that the
“match” between the two is the result of a coevolutionary process.