Chemistry is a science that evolved from alchemy and studies the structure and properties of matter. It has two main branches: inorganic chemistry, which examines differences between atoms, and organic chemistry, which studies carbon compounds. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The periodic table organizes elements according to their atomic structure and properties, with elements in the same family having similar characteristics like valence electrons. Metals are good conductors while non-metals are not, and metalloids display properties in between.

1. WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
Is a basic science evolved from the
medieval practice of alchemy.
Its foundations were Boyle, Avogadro,
Lavoisier, Dalton and other.

2. Chemistry has to study:Chemistry has to study:
The structure and behaviour of atoms;
Compositions and properties of compounds;
Reactions between substance end their
energy exchange;
Why elements have some characteristic.

3. There are two branches ofThere are two branches of
chemistry:chemistry:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Examines differences between all
the different kind of atom;
Study all substance except
Hydrocarbons and their
derivates.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Study all compounds of carbon except :
•Binary compounds: carbon oxides;
•Ternary compounds: metallic cyanides
•Metallic carbonates: calcium carbonate,
sodium carbonate

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTERCLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

5. STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
SolidSolid LiquidLiquid GasGas
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. The representation of theThe representation of the
elementselements
First letter of its name
and another letter
Carbon C
Calcium Ca
Cobalt Co
Chlorine Cl
Chromium Cr
Latin name
Sodium(Natrium) Na
Copper(Cuprum) Cu
Iron(Ferrum) Fe

7. Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements

8. What’s in a square?What’s in a square?
Different periodic tables can
include various bits of
information, but usually:
 atomic number
 symbol
 atomic mass
 number of valence
electrons
 state of matter at room
temperature.

9. FamiliesFamilies
 Columns of elements are
called groups or families.
 Elements in each family
have similar but not
identical properties.
 For example, lithium (Li),
sodium (Na), potassium
(K), and other members
of family IA are all soft,
white, shiny metals.
 All elements in a family
have the same number of
valence electrons.

10. PeriodsPeriods
 Each horizontal row of
elements is called a
period.
 The elements in a period
are not alike in properties.
 In fact, the properties
change greatly across
even given row.
 The first element in a
period is always an
extremely active solid.
The last element in a
period, is always an
inactive gas.

11. Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals
 Good conductors of heat
and electricity.
 Shining.
 Ductile (can be stretched
into thin wires).
 Malleable (can be
pounded into thin sheets).
 Reacts with the air, this
reactions is called
corrosion.
To preserve metal from
corrosion we can keep air
away from the metal or
change its properties by
making alloy:a mixture of
2 or more metal.
They are mixed when they
are in liquid form and
then they are made to
cool and solidfy.

12. Properties of Non-MetalsProperties of Non-Metals
• Non-metals are poor
conductors of heat and
electricity.
• Non-metals are not
ductile or malleable.
• Solid non-metals are
brittle and break easily.
• They are dull.
• Many non-metals are
gases.

13. Properties of MetalloidsProperties of Metalloids
• Metalloids (metal-like)
have properties of both
metals and non-metals.
• They are solids that can
be shiny or dull.
• They conduct heat and
electricity better than non-
metals but not as well as
metals.
• They are ductile and
malleable.

14. THE ENDTHE END
(Clap your hands)