Here are the answers to the quiz: 1. Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties and interactions. 2-3. Solids, liquids, gases. 4. Milk souring is a chemical change. 5. Steam condensing is a physical change. 6. Boron is a metalloid. 7. Copper's symbol Cu comes from its Latin name Cuprum. 8. Plutonium's symbol Pu comes from the name of the planet Pluto. 9. Sulfur is necessary for blood clotting. 10. Water is not a mixture - it is a pure substance.

1. Matter and Life
WILTON P. FORMALEJO
Chemistry Instructor
College of Arts and Sciences
Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences

2. Chemistry as the CENTRAL SCIENCE

3. Elemental Composition of the Earth’s
Crust and the Human Body
Earth’s Crust Human Body
Oxygen 46.1% Oxygen 61%
Silicon 28.2% Carbon 23%
Aluminum 8.2% Hydrogen 10%
Iron 5.6% Nitrogen 2.6%
Calcium 4.1% Calcium 1.4%
Sodium 2.4% Phosphorus 1.1%
Magnesium 2.3% Sulfur 0.20%
Potassium 2.1% Potassium 0.20%
Titanium 0.57% Sodium 0.14%
Hydrogen 0.14% Chlorine 0.12%

4. Chemistry
• The study of matter – its nature, properties, and
transformation. (McMurry and Castellion 2003)
• The study of the composition, structure,
properties, and interactions of matter. (Encarta,
2009)
• The study of matter and the changes that it
undergoes. Redmore
• The study of the materials that make up the
universe and changes these materials undergo.
Chang.

5. Important Terms
• Matter – the physical material that makes up the
universe; anything that has mass and occupies
space.
• Property – a characteristic useful for identifying a
substance or object.
• Physical change – a change that does not affect
the chemical make up of a substance or object.
• Chemical change – a change in the chemical
makeup of a substance.

6. Important Terms
• Solid – a substance that has definite shape
and volume.
• Liquid – a substance that has definite volume
but that changes shape to fill its container.
• Gas – a substance that has neither a definite
volume nor a definite shape.
• Pure substance – a substance that has a
uniform chemical composition throughout.

7. Important Terms
• Mixture – a blend of two or more substances,
each of which retains its chemical identity.
• Compound – a pure substance that can be
broken down into a simpler substances by
chemical reactions.
• Reactant – a starting substance that
undergoes change during a chemical reaction.
• Product – a substance formed as the result of
the chemical reaction.

8. Important Terms
• Chemical reaction – a process in which the
identity and composition of one or more
substances are changed.
• Element – a fundamental substance that can’t be
broken down into any simpler substance.
• Chemical formula – a notation for a chemical
compound using element symbols and subscripts
to show how many atoms of each element are
present.
• Periodic table – a tabular format listing all known
elements.

9. Important Terms
• Metal – a malleable element with a lustrous
appearance that is good conductor of heat
and electricity.
• Nonmetal – an element that is poor conductor
of heat and electricity.
• Metalloid – an element whose properties are
intermediate between those of a metal and
nonmetal.

13. Phase Changes

14. Chemical Reaction

15. ELEMENTS
• An element is a fundamental substance that
cannot be broken down into simpler
substances even by chemical means.
• All known substances on Earth and probably
the universe are formed by combinations of
more than 100 elements.
• Each element has a name, symbol and atomic
number.

17. Classification of Elements
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Metalloids

18. Metals
– Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
– Metals have high luster (they are shiny).
– Metals are solid at room temperature. Mercury is an exception.
At room temperature it is a liquid.
– Metals are ductile (they can be drawn into wires).
– Metals have high densities.
– Many metals readily combine with nonmetals to form ionic
compounds.
– A few of the less reactive metals such as copper, silver and gold
are found in the free state.
– Metals can mix with each other to form alloys.
– Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.
– Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin.
– Steel is a mixture of carbon and iron.

19. Nonmetals
• Lack luster (they are dull
• Have relatively low melting points.
• Have low densities.
• Poor conductors of heat and
electricity.

20. Metalloids
• Metalloids have properties that
are intermediate between metals
and nonmetals.

22. Number of Letters in the Symbol
• One letter only
• Two letters (First letter capitalized,
next letter lower case)
• Three letters, why?

23. Three letter symbols
• 1960s
• Rutherfordium
• Kurchatovium

24. Elements’ Symbols and its Origin
• Latin Names
NAME SYMBOL LATIN NAME
Sodium Na Natrium
Potassium K Kalium
Iron Fe Ferrum
Copper Cu Cuprum
Silver Ag Argentum
Gold Au Aurum
Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum
Lead Pb Plumbum
Antimony Sb Stibium

25. Elements’ Symbols and its Origin
• Name of Scientist
• Name of Place
NAME SYMBOL Scientist Name
Mendelevium Md Dmitri Mendeleev
Nobelium No Alfred Nobel
Einsteinium Es Albert Einsntein
Curium Cm Pierre And Marie Curie
Gadolinium Gd John Gadolin
NAME SYMBOL Name of Place
Americium Am America
Francium Fr France
Ytterbium Yb Ytterby in Sweden
Polonium Po Poland

26. Elements’ Symbols and its Origin
• Name of Planet
• Name of Greek Mythology Character
NAME SYMBOL Name of Planet
Uranium U Uranus
Neptunium Np Neptune
Plutonium Pu Pluto
Palladium Pd Pallas, asteroid
NAME SYMBOL Name of Character
Niobium Nb Niobe, the daughter of Tantalus
Tantalum Ta Tantalus, king of Lydia and son of Zeus
Thorium Th Thor, the god of thunder

27. Elements’ Symbols and its Origin
• Greek Name
• Name of Color
NAME SYMBOL Greek Name
Molybdenum Mo molybdos, meaning lead
Neodymium Nd neos + didymos, “new twin”
Praseodymium Pr prasios didymos mean “green twin
Lanthanum La lanthanein, “to escape notice
Rhodium Rh rhodon, “rose”
NAME SYMBOL Color Name
Indium In Indigo
Iodine I purple

28. Elements and the Periodic Table

29. Elements Essential for Human Life
Element Symbol Function
Carbon C
These four elements are present in all living organisms.Hydrogen H
Oxygen O
Nitrogen N
Arsenic As May affect cell growth and heart function
Boron B Aids in the use of Ca, P, and Mg
Calcium Ca Necessary for growth of teeth and bones
Chlorine Cl Necessary for maintaining salt balance in the body fluids
Chromium Cr Aids in carbohydrate metaboliism
Cobalt Co Component in vitamin B12
Copper Cu Necessary to maintain blood chemistry
Fluorine F Aids in the development of teeth and bones
Iodine I Necessary for thyroid function

30. Element Symbol Function
Iron Fe Necessary for oxygen-carrying ability of blood
Magnesium Mg Necessary for bones, teeth and muscle and nerve action
Manganese Mn Necessary for carbohydrate metabolism and bone formation
Molybdenum Mo Component of enzymes necessary for metabolism
Nickel Ni Aids in the use Fe and Cu
Phosphorus P Necessary for growth of bones and teeth; resent in DNA and
RNA
Potassium K Component of the body fluids; necessary for nerve action
Selenium Se Aids in vitamin E action and fat metabolism
Silicon Si Helps from connective tissue and bone
Sodium Na Component of body fluids; necessary for nerve and muscle
action
Sulfur S Component of proteins; necessary for blood clotting
Zinc Zn Necessary for growth, healing and overall health
Elements Essential for Human Life

31. Summary Questions
1. What is matter?
2. How matter is classified?
3. What kinds of properties does matter have?
4. How are chemical elements are represented?

32. Quiz
1. Define chemistry?
2-3. What are the two major classifications of matter?
For item 4-5, determine the following examples whether it is an example of
physical or chemical change.
4. Milk souring
5. Steam condensing
6. Which of the following elements is an example of a metalloids: Co, B, Zn,
Li?
7. Which of the following elements is originated from its Latin name: Co, Cu,
Cd, Cl?
8. Which of the following elements is originated from the name of a planet of
a heavenly bodies: Pr, Pt, Pa, Pu?
9. Which of the following elements is necessary for blood clotting: P, F, B, S?
10. Which of the following is not an example of a mixture: seawater, water,
mayonnaise, halo-halo?