2 stroke petrol engine!
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This document discusses a presentation on two-stroke petrol engines given by three students - Shahzaib Akhtar, Hassan Abbas Niazi, and Abdullah Saddiq. It defines the basic components of a two-stroke engine like the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and spark plug. It explains that in a two-stroke engine, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes are completed in two strokes of the piston rather than four. The intake and exhaust ports are opened and closed by the piston's motion rather than valves. The document outlines the working principle, advantages like lighter weight and lower cost, disadvantages like lower efficiency, and common applications of two-stroke engines.
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2 stroke petrol engine
A two-stroke petrol engine completes the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four as in a four-stroke engine. In a two-stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated and ports instead of valves are used, with the exhaust gases driven out by the fresh fuel charge entering near the end of the power stroke. Everything a four-stroke engine does over two revolutions, a two-stroke engine accomplishes in one revolution, with the fuel-air mixture entering the crankcase and being compressed and ignited directly in the cylinder. While smaller, lighter and cheaper than a four-stroke engine, two-stroke engines wear parts faster, are less fuel efficient, and more polluting.
2 stroke cycle engines
A two-stroke engine has a compression and combustion stroke in each revolution, while a four-stroke engine has separate intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. In a two-stroke, oil is mixed with gasoline to lubricate parts. Two-stroke engines are lighter and more powerful but less efficient and produce more pollution than four-stroke engines due to exhausting unburned fuel. The piston acts as both a valve and plunger in two-stroke engines.
ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
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This document provides information about internal combustion engines, including:
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2. It describes the typical components of an internal combustion engine like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and flywheel.
3. It provides details on the four-stroke cycles of gasoline/petrol and diesel engines as well as the two-stroke cycle.
4. It compares key differences between spark ignition and compression ignition engines and between four-stroke and two-stroke engines.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
CONTENTS
1. HEAT ENGINE 2
1.1 Advantages of I.C.E. over E.C.E.
2. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
2.1 Classification of I.C. Engines
2.2 I.C. Engine Terminologies 3
3. COMPONENTS OF I.C. ENGINE 4
4. FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE 5
5. TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE 7
6. FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 8
7. TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 10
8. Difference between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engine 12
9. Difference between petrol and diesel engine 13
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2 stroke petrol engine
A two-stroke petrol engine completes the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four as in a four-stroke engine. In a two-stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated and ports instead of valves are used, with the exhaust gases driven out by the fresh fuel charge entering near the end of the power stroke. Everything a four-stroke engine does over two revolutions, a two-stroke engine accomplishes in one revolution, with the fuel-air mixture entering the crankcase and being compressed and ignited directly in the cylinder. While smaller, lighter and cheaper than a four-stroke engine, two-stroke engines wear parts faster, are less fuel efficient, and more polluting.
2 stroke cycle engines
A two-stroke engine has a compression and combustion stroke in each revolution, while a four-stroke engine has separate intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. In a two-stroke, oil is mixed with gasoline to lubricate parts. Two-stroke engines are lighter and more powerful but less efficient and produce more pollution than four-stroke engines due to exhausting unburned fuel. The piston acts as both a valve and plunger in two-stroke engines.
ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
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1. It classifies internal combustion engines based on thermodynamic cycle, fuel used, cycle of operation, ignition method, number of cylinders, cooling method, and application.
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3. It provides details on the four-stroke cycles of gasoline/petrol and diesel engines as well as the two-stroke cycle.
4. It compares key differences between spark ignition and compression ignition engines and between four-stroke and two-stroke engines.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
CONTENTS
1. HEAT ENGINE 2
1.1 Advantages of I.C.E. over E.C.E.
2. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
2.1 Classification of I.C. Engines
2.2 I.C. Engine Terminologies 3
3. COMPONENTS OF I.C. ENGINE 4
4. FOUR-STROKE PETROL ENGINE 5
5. TWO-STROKE PETROL ENGINE 7
6. FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 8
7. TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE 10
8. Difference between 4-stroke and 2-stroke engine 12
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Power
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Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
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Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
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Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
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B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
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ηth= Power/ Energy
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Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
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ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
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The document discusses various components and systems of internal combustion engines, including:
- The crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft, spark plug, drivetrain, turbochargers, carburetors, fuel injection systems, engine lubrication systems, rotary engines, two-stroke engines, and experimental five-stroke and six-stroke engines. It provides brief descriptions of how each component or system functions within an engine.
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PPT describes the engine performance parameters of the I.C. engine.
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The engine performance is indicated by the term efficiency, η. Five important engine efficiencies and other related engine performance parameters are:
Power
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηbth)
Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical power.
Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
Brake Power= Brake Workdone/Time
B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
Thermal Efficiency (ηth)
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of Power to energy supplied by the fuel.
ηth= Power/ Energy
In I.C. Engine, thermal efficiency can be classified into two categories i.e.
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the heat supplied or added.
ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
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Six Stroke Engine PPT
The document describes a six-stroke engine, which has two additional strokes compared to a four-stroke engine. The additional strokes allow for water injection after the exhaust stroke, which vaporizes and drives the piston for another power stroke. This provides increased efficiency of 40% over a four-stroke engine due to capturing wasted heat. The document outlines the working principle, modifications needed to the engine like materials and cam shaft design, advantages like reduced emissions and fuel consumption, and limitations such as starting problems.
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The document discusses fuel injection systems for diesel engines. It describes the key elements of fuel injection systems including pumping, metering, distribution, and timing controls. It outlines different types of injection systems such as common rail, unit injection, individual pump and nozzle, and distributor systems. It also discusses the injection pump, fuel injector, nozzle types, and operation of the fuel injector.
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Exhaust system
The document summarizes the key components of an internal combustion engine exhaust system. It discusses how exhaust gas is emitted from fuel combustion and transported from the engine through the exhaust manifold. It then describes the three main functions of the exhaust system: to channel waste gases out of the engine; reduce engine noise; and clean emissions. It lists the main pollutants from exhaust and the key components of an exhaust system, which include the exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, muffler, and tail pipe. The exhaust manifold collects hot exhaust gases from the engine and burns any remaining fuel. The catalytic converter uses a catalyst to convert harmful compounds into harmless ones. The muffler then cancels engine noise before the exhaust is expelled through the tail pipe.
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FOUR STROKE ENGINE
The document discusses the history and workings of different types of engines. It describes how Nicolaus Otto invented the four-stroke engine in 1876. A four-stroke engine completes one cycle over four strokes and two revolutions of the crankshaft. It also describes how a two-stroke engine, invented in 1878 by Clerk, completes a cycle in one revolution due to the use of ports instead of valves.
Basics of IC engine
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the basic classifications and cycles of internal combustion engines including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also covers the workings of spark ignition and compression ignition engines, as well as common engine components and systems such as carburetors and fuel injection systems. Key topics include the Otto, Diesel, and Carnot power cycles; combustion stages; valve timing diagrams; and scavenging, pre-ignition, detonation, lubrication, and emissions control.
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The document summarizes the key components of an internal combustion engine, including their functions and typical materials. It describes the cylinder head, pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, crankcase, valves, spark plug, injector, manifold, camshaft, and flywheel. The cylinder head guides the piston and is typically made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. Pistons transmit force from combustion to the crankshaft and are usually made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. The connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotational motion of the crankshaft.
Engine Cooling system
this presentation contains a brief intro about various types of cooling systems incorporated in the engine.
Introduction to engine terminology
This document provides an introduction to engine terminology by defining key terms:
- Bore is the diameter of the cylinder, while stroke is the distance the piston travels. The stroke-to-bore ratio affects engine characteristics.
- Cylinder displacement is the volume displaced by the piston from bottom to top dead center. Total engine displacement is the sum of the displacements of all cylinders.
- Other terms defined include compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, torque, power, volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, indicated horsepower, and brake horsepower. Factors that influence various engine parameters are also discussed.
4 stroke engine working principle
The document discusses four-stroke and two-stroke engines. It provides animations and explanations of the operating cycles of both engine types, including the individual strokes in each cycle. It also compares the two engine types, noting advantages and disadvantages of each, such as two-stroke engines being lighter and simpler but less fuel efficient and longer lasting than four-stroke engines. Application examples are given for both spark ignition and compression ignition engine types.
I.C ENGINE PPT
1) The document discusses the assembly, disassembly and maintenance of internal combustion (IC) engines. It covers the main components of IC engines like the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and camshaft.
2) IC engines are classified based on their cycle of operation, thermodynamic cycle, type of fuel used, ignition method, cooling system and valve location. The working of four-stroke petrol engines, four-stroke diesel engines, and two-stroke petrol and diesel engines are explained.
3) The key components, working cycles and strokes of different engine types are described in detail.
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The document discusses two-stroke diesel engines. A two-stroke diesel engine completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston during one crankshaft revolution, in contrast to a four-stroke engine which takes four strokes. In a two-stroke diesel engine, intake and exhaust occur simultaneously. The engine has five basic events - intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust - all completed in two strokes, making it more compact than a four-stroke engine. Two-stroke diesel engines are commonly used in large ships and generators due to their efficiency.
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The document describes the basic parts of an internal combustion engine. It lists and provides brief descriptions of key components including the cylinder block, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, cylinder head, intake and exhaust valves, camshaft, spark plug, and their basic functions in converting fuel combustion into motion. It also includes diagrams to illustrate the relationships between components like the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft.
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The document summarizes the lubrication system of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the purposes of lubrication which are to reduce wear, reduce friction, provide cooling, create a seal, and clean the engine. It describes the splash and forced feed lubrication systems. The splash system uses splashing oil to lubricate while the forced feed system uses an oil pump to directly pump oil to parts. Key components of the forced feed system include the oil pump, oil filter, crankcase breather, and relief valve.
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This document discusses the four stroke petrol engine. It describes the four strokes of the engine cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. During intake, the piston moves down and air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber. In compression, the piston moves up and compresses the mixture. In power stroke, ignition occurs and the expanding gases push the piston down. Finally, in exhaust stroke, the piston moves up to push out the exhaust gases. The four strokes complete one cycle requiring two revolutions of the crankshaft.
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This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
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The document provides detailed removal and installation instructions, specifications, and points to note for servicing intake and exhaust systems.
Presentation on Petrol Engine
An engine converts heat energy from fuel into mechanical energy. A petrol/gasoline engine uses an internal combustion process where fuel is ignited by a spark plug. It has four strokes - intake, compression, power, and exhaust. In a four-stroke petrol engine, these four strokes are completed in two revolutions of the crankshaft. A two-stroke petrol engine completes the four strokes in one revolution, making it simpler but less efficient. The major components of an engine include the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, connecting rod, and camshaft.
Air Intake & Exhaust System of Automobiles and its Recent Developments
A presentation on operation procedure of air intake & exhaust system of automobiles & its recent developments in brief.
Diesel engine
The document discusses diesel engines. It outlines that a diesel engine converts chemical energy from fuel into mechanical energy. It operates by compressing air which ignites fuel, causing the piston to move. There are two main types: two-stroke engines which complete a cycle in two strokes, and four-stroke engines which complete a cycle in four separate strokes - intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Diesel engines are widely used to power vehicles, generators, and machinery due to their efficiency.
Stirling and erricsin cycle
The document summarizes Stirling and Ericsson cycles and their applications. It discusses that a Stirling engine converts heat energy to mechanical power using a fixed quantity of working fluid and external combustion. The ideal Stirling cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant volume processes. Applications mentioned include using solar Stirling engines for pumping water in rural areas and recovering low-grade waste heat. The Ericsson cycle also consists of two isothermal and two constant pressure processes. Both cycles are applied in engines with Stirling engines having advantages like ability to use various heat sources but also disadvantages like high costs.
Six stroke ppt
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the six-stroke engine. The six-stroke engine adds two additional strokes to the traditional four-stroke engine cycle, including a secondary power stroke where steam is generated from injected water and a secondary exhaust stroke. The Crower six-stroke engine prototype adds a steam stroke and steam exhaust stroke. Analysis shows the six-stroke engine reduces fuel consumption by 40% and emissions compared to a four-stroke engine. However, challenges include damage from injecting cold water into a hot cylinder and weight/space needs for separate water storage.
Four stroke diesel engine
The document summarizes the working of a four-stroke diesel engine. It describes the four strokes of the diesel cycle: 1) Suction stroke where air enters the cylinder, 2) Compression stroke where the air is compressed, 3) Power or expansion stroke where fuel is injected and burned at constant pressure to push the piston, and 4) Exhaust stroke where burned gases are pushed out. Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine, which ignites fuel not with a spark but from the high heat of compressed air in the compression ignition cycle.
6 stroke engine
The document discusses a six-stroke engine which aims to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions compared to traditional four-stroke engines. It works by adding two additional strokes: after the four-stroke cycle is completed, fresh air is drawn in and expelled to capture waste heat for a secondary power stroke. This provides two power strokes per cycle and can increase efficiency by 40% while reducing pollution by up to 65%. However, the engine is more complex with more components and lower power per cylinder compared to four-stroke designs. Widespread adoption in automobiles could significantly reduce fuel use and emissions globally if efficiency gains are realized.
2 stroke cycle engines
This document compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It explains that two-stroke engines have a compression and combustion stroke in one revolution, while four-stroke engines separate these into individual intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Two-stroke engines are lighter and simpler in design but produce more pollution and do not last as long due to their lack of dedicated lubrication. They also use a mixture of gasoline and oil that needs to be precisely mixed.
As introduction ic engine
This document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It covers topics such as the classification of I.C. engines by fuel, ignition method, number of strokes, cooling system, and more. The four strokes of a diesel engine operation are described. The differences between direct and indirect diesel injection are outlined. Finally, the basic constructional details of engine components like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and others are explained.
6 stroke engine
Bhagawan Upreti presented on the six stroke engine. The six stroke engine adds two additional strokes to the traditional four stroke engine cycle to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. It captures waste heat from the four stroke cycle to power an additional exhaust and power stroke. This increases efficiency by 40% over a four stroke engine. Modifications are made to the crankshaft, camshaft, valves and timing to accommodate the extra strokes. While advantages include reduced fuel consumption and emissions, challenges include withstanding thermal stresses and needing separate water tanks for injection. Further development is ongoing to address issues and commercialize six stroke engine technology.
six stroke engine powerpoint presentation
it has the detail of the six stroke engine.
its idea,how it can be achieved and different approach for six stroke engine
Atkinson Cycle, Ericsson Cycle And Stirling Cycle
This document discusses three thermodynamic cycles - the Atkinson cycle, Ericsson cycle, and Stirling cycle. The Atkinson cycle consists of two adiabatic and two constant pressure/volume processes. The Ericsson cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant pressure processes. The Stirling cycle consists of two isothermal and two isochoric (constant volume) processes. Applications of each cycle such as engines are also mentioned.
Six stroke-engine-presenation
The document describes a six-stroke engine invented by Malcolm Beare that combines aspects of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It retains the four-stroke piston below the cylinder head while adding a second piston in the cylinder head that operates like the piston in a two-stroke. This hybrid design increases power and torque over a four-stroke while reducing weight and complexity compared to conventional four-stroke engines. Key advantages include a 35% increase in torque and efficiency, lower reciprocating mass, and fewer overall parts.
Petrol engine
A petrol engine, also known as a gasoline engine, works by burning fuel within cylinders to create motion. It uses the four-stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust or the two-stroke cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the piston completes the cycle over two revolutions of the crankshaft, while a two-stroke engine completes the cycle in one revolution. Petrol engines are commonly used in automobiles but have lower efficiency than diesel engines due to their lower compression ratios.
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The document discusses internal combustion engines. It begins by defining heat engines and classifying them as either external or internal combustion engines. The key difference is whether combustion occurs outside or inside the engine cylinder. It then focuses on internal combustion engines, describing their basic design and classifying them in various ways, such as by fuel type, number of strokes, ignition method, and application. The main components of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, and flywheel are also explained. Finally, the four-stroke operating cycle of a typical spark-ignition internal combustion engine is summarized in three steps: intake, compression, and power strokes followed by the exhaust stroke.
Diesel engine
This document summarizes the key differences between 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines. It explains that a 2-stroke engine completes a power cycle in two strokes of the piston over one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine requires two crankshaft revolutions to complete the power cycle. The basic parts of a diesel engine are described. The workings of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycles are then outlined in 1-2 sentences each. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines are listed.
IC Engine.pptx
This document provides an overview of farm machinery engine systems. It discusses the classification and components of internal combustion engines, including differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines. The fuel, lubrication, ignition, cooling and governor systems are also mentioned. Tractor systems such as power transmission, steering, brakes and hydraulics are briefly covered. The summary discusses the key components and cycles of petrol and diesel engines in 2-3 sentences.
TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINE PPT
This document provides information about 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It defines a 2-stroke engine as completing its cycle in one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine takes two revolutions. The basic parts of each engine are described, along with their working principles. Advantages of 2-stroke engines include higher power density, while disadvantages include lower fuel efficiency. A comparison notes that 4-stroke engines have higher volumetric efficiency but lower power density than 2-stroke engines.
IC Engine Final lab report
Two laboratory reports were summarized:
1. A report on studying a two-stroke spark ignition engine, discussing its working principle, cycle, design parameters, types, parts, and comparing it to a four-stroke engine. The two-stroke was found to have more power strokes but lower efficiency.
2. A report on studying a rotary Wankel engine, explaining its four-stroke cycle arranged around an oval, types, parts, and concluding it is widely used with advantages over piston engines.
Doc
This document provides an overview of the diesel shed located in Galance, including its establishment date and various sections. It then describes the key locomotives maintained at the shed, including WDS4 and WDM2 locomotives. It provides technical details on the operation and components of WDS4 and WDM2 engines, including their power transmission systems, cylinders, fuel systems and other internal components. It also discusses the functions of various engine systems like the radiator, expressor, generator and control components.
I.C.ENGINE PPT
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their classification, operation, and differences between engine types. It discusses four-stroke petrol and diesel engines in detail, describing the four strokes of each cycle. The key differences between petrol and diesel engines are outlined. Two-stroke engines are also summarized and compared to four-stroke engines. Various engine efficiencies are defined.
Two stroke & Four stroke Diesel Engine
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines where combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder. It then describes the basic parts of an I.C. engine like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft. It explains the differences between a 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine and how their cycles work. A 2-stroke engine completes one cycle per revolution while a 4-stroke takes two revolutions. It provides details on the workings and compares the advantages and disadvantages of 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines.
2-stroke cycle gasoline engine
1. The document discusses the two-stroke cycle gasoline engine, describing its basic parts and principle of operation. It has several key advantages over the four-stroke engine, including higher power density and simpler design.
2. The basic parts are the piston, cylinder block, crankshaft, connecting rod, flywheel, spark plug, inlet port, exhaust port, and transfer port. Each downward piston stroke is a power stroke, and each upward stroke is a compression stroke.
3. It intakes and exhausts on the same stroke, achieving two cycles per revolution compared to one cycle per two revolutions for a four-stroke. However, its scavenging is less efficient, resulting in lower thermal
Classification, working principals and construction of IC Engine.pdf
The document discusses engines and their classification. It begins by defining an engine as a device that converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. It then classifies heat engines based on whether combustion occurs externally or internally. Internal combustion engines are further classified based on the fuel used (diesel, petrol, gas), ignition type (spark ignition, compression ignition), and engine design (reciprocating, rotary). Reciprocating engines include inline, V-shaped, opposed piston, and radial configurations. The document also discusses two-stroke and four-stroke cycles and compares petrol and diesel engines. It concludes by describing the basic construction of an internal combustion engine.
ENGINS.pptx
This document provides information about internal combustion engines in a presentation for an automotive class. It begins with introducing the presenter and includes slides about the basics of internal combustion engines, definitions, types of engines, engine parts like pistons and valves, the four-stroke cycle, and comparisons of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Key details covered are the combustion process, common engine configurations, basic components, ignition, intake and exhaust processes, and advantages and disadvantages of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. The presentation aims to educate students about internal combustion engine fundamentals.
Mechanical technology lab report
this lab report include details and demonstrations about internal combustion ( IC) engine. its types like CI and SI engines, different parts of engine, 2 stroke and 4 stroke engine. The ignition system of engine, cooling system of Engine and lubricating system of Engine in detail.
lec-2 fmp211.pptx
This document provides information on heat engines and internal combustion engines. It discusses how heat engines convert thermal energy to mechanical energy. It classifies heat engines based on combustion, fuel used, and ignition type. It describes the construction, working principles, cycles and terminology of internal combustion engines, including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also discusses diesel engines and provides their special features. Key engine parameters like bore, stroke, power, indicated horsepower and brake horsepower are defined.
Unit i
The document discusses internal combustion engines, including their basic components and operating cycles. It describes the four main strokes of a four-stroke engine: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It also summarizes the operation of two-stroke engines and differences from four-stroke engines, such as using crankcase compression and ports instead of valves. Additionally, it covers the classification of engines as spark ignition or compression ignition and compares their combustion processes.
2s vs 4s stroke engines (mechanical)
difination and explaintion of 2 strike vs 4stroke enginees including defination, ragulation types of and examples explation for educations and projects
Thermodynamicsbycengelandyunuscimbalpladean
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the key types of internal combustion engines including external and internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines have advantages over external combustion engines like better efficiency and compact size. The document then covers the classification of internal combustion engines based on criteria like cycle of operation, ignition method, governing method, cylinder arrangement and cooling method. It also describes the typical components and working principle of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. Issues like scavenging efficiency and methods to improve it in 2-stroke engines are discussed. Formulas for calculating indicated power output of engines are also provided.
VCR ENGINE PROJECT PART 2
1. INTRODUCTION TO IC ENGINE
2. FUNDAMENTALS OF IC ENGINE
3. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES & FUNCTIONS OF IC ENGINE
4. MATERIALS USED
5.IC ENGINE – TERMINOLOGY
6.SEQUENCE OF OPERATION(A. Four Stroke Engine/B. Two Stroke Engine)
7. COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES
8.Otto Cycle,Diesel Cycle,Dual Cycle & their Comparison
9.VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM
10.ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS RELATED TO IC ENGINE
11. CHARACTERISTICS CURVES OF VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
12. FUEL-AIR CYCLE & THEIR ANALYSIS ( 1.Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Size 2. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Speed 3. Performance Maps )
13. ACTUAL INDICATOR DIAGRAM
14. V.C.R ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS & ITS DESCRIPTION
15. FUTURE WORKS & DISCUSSION
16. CONCLUSION
Icengine ppt
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the classification of IC engines based on fuel used, thermodynamic cycle, number of strokes, ignition method, cooling method, speed, number of cylinders, and cylinder position. It describes the four-stroke cycles of Otto petrol and diesel engines. The key differences between petrol and diesel engines are outlined. The document also compares two-stroke and four-stroke engines, discussing their cycles, revolutions, power strokes, flywheels, ports/valves, lubrication, efficiencies, and applications. Indicated power, mechanical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific fuel consumption are defined.
IC Engines
Internal Combustion Engine
There are two main types of heat engines: internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. In an internal combustion engine, fuel combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder and the hot gases directly power the piston. This includes gasoline/petrol engines. The four strokes of a petrol engine are: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, air/fuel mixture enters the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. In the power stroke, combustion powers the piston. In the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out.
Six stroke engine
Detailed description of Six Stroke Engine with its advantages and disadvantages. It shows the various modifications required to develop a six stroke engine and its feasibility too.
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Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
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Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdf
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
一比一原版(uoft毕业证书)加拿大多伦多大学毕业证如何办理
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solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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2 stroke petrol engine!
- 2. Swedish College of Engineering & Technology Lab Incharge : Engr.Shah Nawaz Department : Mechanical Semester : 3rd Topic : 2 Stroke Petrol Engine Subject Name : Thermodynamics-2 Active Learning assignment
- 3. Prepared by: Name Shahzaib Akhtar Hassan Abbas Niazi Abdullah Saddiq Enrollment no. 14F-UET-ME-013 14F-UET-ME-014 14F-UET-ME-012
- 5. Presentation Topic- Two Stroke Engine
- 6. Stroke Reciprocating motion used in reciprocating engines and other mechanisms is back and fourth motion .Each cycle of reciprocation consists of two opposite motions , there is a motion in one direction and then a motion back in the opposite direction . Each of this motion is called stroke.
- 7. 2 stroke A two-stroke petrol engine is an internal combustion engine that completes the process cycle in one revolution of the crankshaft . Thus one power stroke is obtained in each revolution of the crank shaft.
- 8. Basic parts of 2-stroke petrol engine Piston Piston Ring Spark plug Connecting rod Crankshaft
- 9. Spark Plug Electronic match is used to begun the combustion process of burning air and petrol to create heat. It provides the means of ignition when the petrol engine’s piston is at the end of compression stroke close to Top Dead Central (TDC)
- 10. Connecting rod Connects the piston and piston point to the crankshaft
- 11. Piston A sliding plug that harness the force of the burning gases in the cylinder
- 12. Crankshaft Along the piston pin and the connecting rod is converts the up and down motion ( reciprocating ) of the engine to spinning (rotary) motion
- 13. Working & parts of 2-Stroke As the name itself implies, all the processes in the two stroke cycle engine are completed in two strokes. These engine have 1 power stroke per revolution of the crankshaft. In the two stroke engine there is a two opening called ports are provided in place of valve of four stroke engines. These ports are opened and closed by reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder. One port known as a inlet port and another port is known as a exhaust port. Two stroke engine consist of a cylinder with one end fitted with a cylinder head and other end fitted with a hermitically sealed crankcase which enables it to function as a pump in conjuction with the piston. Transfer port Crank case Exhaust port
- 14. Working Principle of 2 stroke Here suction and exhaust strokes are eliminated . Instead of valves , ports are used. The exhaust gases are driven out of the cylinder by the fresh fuel entering the cylinder. The intake & exhaust are controlled by movement of piston. The fresh fuel enter to cylinder due to difference of pressure. The fuel is compressed by the pumping action of the piston due to the design of crankcase. As the piston continues to move upward , exhaust and transfer port get closed and the compression is continued. In the end of the compression the spark is created which ignites the fuel & in result of combustion thrust the piston moves from TDC to BDC.
- 15. This cycle is repeated continuously
- 16. Video clips…….
- 17. Advantages The power developed will be nearly twice that of four stroke engine of same dimension and operating at the same speed The work required to overcome the friction of the exhaust and suction strokes is saved Low weight Construction is simple Low thermal efficiency. Can run at higher speeds (5000 rpm) Low maintenance cost
- 18. Disadvantages As working on otto-cycle , a part of the fresh mixture is lost through exhaust port Part of the piston stroke is lost Heavy consumption of lubricating oil Two-stroke engines are not fuel efficient, so we would get fewer miles per gallon.
- 19. Use of 2-stroke engine Dirt Bike Lawn mowers Outboard engines Chain saws Line Trimmers Jet Skis Snowmobiles Model Air Planes Light Motorcycles Go Karts Ultra lights Scooters Go-Karts
- 20. Example picture- Dirt Bike Jet Skis Chain sawsLawn mowers