This is a second slide in the IC engine series. Here you will learn about different components of IC engines. All the slides have beautiful graphics for better understanding.
A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
This is a second slide in the IC engine series. Here you will learn about different components of IC engines. All the slides have beautiful graphics for better understanding.
A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Almost all automobiles employ liquid cooling systems for their engines. A typical automotive cooling system comprises (1) a series of channels cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the combustion chambers with circulating water or other coolant to carry away excessive heat, (2) a radiator, consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to radiate heat rapidly, which receives and cools hot liquid from the engine, (3) a centrifugal-type water pump with which to circulate coolant, (4) a thermostat, which maintains constant temperature by automatically varying the amount of coolant passing into the radiator, and (5) a fan, which draws fresh air through the radiator. For operation at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F), it is necessary to prevent the coolant from freezing. This is usually done by adding some compound, such as ethylene glycol, to depress the freezing point of the coolant. By varying the amount of additive, it is possible to protect against freezing of the coolant down to any minimum temperature normally encountered. Coolants contain corrosion inhibitors designed to make it necessary to drain and refill the cooling system only every few years.
this presentation briefly describes the digital image processing and its various procedures and techniques which include image correction or rectification with remote sensing data/ images. it also contains various image classification techniques.
FOUNDATION
DETAILS OF PROGRAMME
FORMATION OF GGRC
EVALUATION OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEM
ACHIEVEMENTS OF GGRC
NECCESITY OF GGRC
FEATURES OF GGRC
BENEFITS OF GGRC
policy impactation
priorities and needs of farmer
Features of adopting micro irrigation system
nature of scheme
activities to promote micro irrigation
Demonstration of micro irrigation
Schemes administration
General guideline in administering micro irrigation scheme
Overall target
Introduction
System components of automated irrigation system
Preparation of programming schedule
Various types of automation system
Benefits of automized irrigation
Limitations of automized irrigation system
related to different fertigation systems used in crop..
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FERTIGATION
OBJECTIVES OF FERTIGATION IN MICROIRRIGATION
DOSIFICATION
FERTILIZER INJECTION METHODS
- PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL
- VACUUM INJECTION
- PUMP INJECTION
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Governing Equations for Fundamental Aerodynamics_Anderson2010.pdf
Engine Cooling system
1. COOLING SYSTEM
Yo u c a n f i n d m e a t
ka u s h a l g a d a r i y a @ g m a i l . c o m
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Effects of high temperature in the engine
Purpose of cooling
Types of cooling system
Air cooling system & its components (merits & Demerits)
Liquid cooling system & its components (merits &
Demerits)
Coolant/Anti-freeze
3. COOLING SYSTEM
An automobile's cooling system is the collection of parts
and substances (coolants) that work together to maintain
the engine's temperature at optimal levels.
Comprising many different components such as water pump,
coolant, a thermostat etc.
The system enables smooth and efficient functioning of the
engine at the same time protecting it from damage
The temperature produced on the power stroke of an
engine can be as high as 1600 degree and this is greater
than melting point of engine parts.
4. TRANSFORMATION OF FUEL ENERGY
35%
Exhaust
&
Cooling
35 %
Heat Dissipation
25-30 %
Mechanica
l
Work
4
5. Effects of high temperature in
the engine
Due to high temperature, the piston would seized in
cylinder and stop the engine.
Lubricating quality of the oil inside the cylinder would be
destroyed.
Preignition of fuel mixture which cause engine knocking as
well as loss of power.
6. PURPOSE OF COOLING
To maintain optimum temperature of an engine for
efficient operation under all conditions.
To dissipate surplus heat for protection of engine
components like cylinder, cylinder head, piston, piston
ring and valves.
To maintain the lubricating property of the oil inside the
engine cylinder for normal functioning of the engine.
7. TYPES OF COOLING
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required.
On the basis of medium ,in general use for cooling I.C.
engine ,types of cooling system are:-
Air cooling system
Liquid or water cooling system
9. AIR COOLING SYSTEM
Air cooled engines are those engines, in which heat is
conducted from the working components of the engine to
the atmosphere directly.
The cylinder of an air cooled engine has fins to increase
the area of contact of air for speedy cooling.
The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon :
Amount of air flowing through the fins.
Fin surface area.
Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins.
11. MERITS & DEMERITS OF AIR
COOLING SYSTEM
MERITS:
It is more simple in design and construction
Water jackets, radiators, water pumps, thermostat,
pipes, hoses etc. are not needed
It is more compact
It is comparatively lighter in weight
DEMERITS:
There is uneven cooling of engine parts
Engine temperature is generally high during working
period
13. LIQUID COOLING SYSTEM
A liquid is circulated around the
cylinders and absorb heat from the
cylinder walls and cylinder head.
Coolant absorbs heat as it passes
through the engine and also
lubricates the water pump.
Hot coolant enters the radiator in
which the heat is passed on to air
that is flowing through the
radiator.
15. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF LIQUID
COOLING SYSTEM
MERITS:
Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and valves
Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by using water cooling
system
If we employ water cooling system, then engine need may not be
provided at the front end of moving vehicle.
Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled engines, as it has water
for damping noise
DEMERITS:
It depends upon the supply of water
If the water cooling system fails then it will result in severe damage of
engine
The water cooling system is costlier as it has more number of parts
16. TYPES OF WATER COOLED SYSTEM
Open Jacket
System
Thermo syphon
Cooling System
Forced
Circulation
Cooling System
17. OPEN JACKET SYSTEM
This system is used where plenty of water is available.
The water is supplied from large tank or river through
the inlet valve of cooling water jacket.
The main specification of this system is that Hot water
is not cooled but simply discharged.
18. THERMOSYPHON COOLING SYSTEM
The basic principle of this system is based upon the
relative density of the water.
The main advantage of this system is it’s simplicity and
automatic circulation of cooling water.
19. FORCED CIRCULATION SYSTEM
This system is used in large number of automobiles like
Cars, tractor and even Heavy Trucks.
Here flow of water from radiator to the water jackets is
assisted by pump.
20. • To supply the water forcely into the systemWATER PUMP
• To dissipates the heat from coolantRADIATOR
• To provide strong draft of air through the radiatorFAN
• Designed to keep engine block and cylinder head
cool.WATER JACKETS
• To control the flow of coolant, it opens at 70
degree and fully open at 82 degreeTHERMOSTAT VALVE
• To store the coolantSTORAGE TANK
COMPONENTS OF LIQUID COOLING
SYSTEM
21. RADIATOR
Radiators are heat
exchangers used to
transfer thermal
energy from one medium
to another for the purpose
of cooling and heating.
21
22.
23. THERMOSTAT
VALVE
Its job is to block the
flow of coolant to the
radiator until the engine
has warmed up.
25. WATER JACKETS
Cooling water jackets are
provided around the
cylinder, cylinder head,
valve seats, and any hot
part which are to be
cooled. Heat generated in
the cylinder is conducted to
the Jacket.
26. ANTIFREEZE MIXTURE
To prevent the freezing of cooling water in western
countries antifreeze mixture are added to the cooling
water
There are the following type of antifreeze mixtures :-
Ethylene glycol
Propylene glycol
Organic acid technology (OAT)
Hybrid organic acid technology (HOAT)
27. Coolant/Anti-freeze
Engine coolant is a mixture of water and
antifreeze/coolant.
Water alone has a boiling point of 100°C and a freezing
point of 0°C at sea level.
Engine coolant has a higher boiling temperature and a
lower freezing point than water.
The exact boiling or freezing temperatures depend on
the mixture.
The typical recommended mixture is a 50/50 solution of
water and antifreeze/coolant.