An information system has five key components: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. The document explains each component in detail - people are end-users, procedures are rules for using the system, software are computer programs, hardware are physical devices, and data is raw unprocessed information. An information system brings together these five elements to convert data into useful information for people.

1. CPD 2113
TECHNOLOGY IN ELT
Chapter 2
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
MURNI SALINA
B.Sc. Ed (TESL) UTM, Skudai
M’sia

2. COMPONENTS OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
People
Data
Procedures
Information
System
Hardware
Software

3. An information system has five
parts :
1. People
 The most important part as they make
end-users more productive.

4. An information system has five
parts :
2. Procedures
 Refer to rules or guidelines people
follow when using software, hardware
and data.
 Documented in manuals written by
computer specialists.
 Provided by software/hardware
manufacturers of the product.

5. An information system has five
parts :
3. Software
 Computer software is the term for
programmes or sets of computer
instructions.
 Written in special computer language
that enable a computer to accomplish
a given task.
 It consists of step-by-step instructions,
which the computer can use to
convert data into information.

6. An information system has five
parts :
4.



Hardware
Computer components that are physical, touchable pieces
or equipment.
It consists of the system unit, input/output, secondary
storage and communication devices.
4 types of computers :
1. Supercomputers – the most powerful type of
computers.
2. Mainframe – occupy specially wired, air-conditioned
rooms.
3. Minicomputers – desk-sized machines used for
specific purposes.
4. Microcomputers – include the desktop, notebook and
personal digital assistant.

7. An information system has five
parts :
5. Data

Raw, unprocessed facts including text,
numbers, images and sounds.

Data describes something that is stored
electronically in a file.

Examples :
◦ Document files created by word
processors
◦ Worksheet files crated by spreadsheets
◦ Database file created by database
management programmes
◦ Presentation files created by presentation
graphics programmes