This document provides an introduction to information technology concepts including: - Information is data that is communicated, understood, relevant, and useful. Information technology applies computers and networks to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. - A computer is a programmable device that receives input, processes and stores data, and provides useful output. Computers consist of hardware, software, and human users. The Von Neumann model includes a central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and stored programs. - Information technology impacts society through applications like e-learning, social media, simulations, video conferencing and more. It also allows businesses to view market changes faster and improve efficiency through applications and data management.

1. LECTURE 1
Introduction to Information
Technology
Miss Madiha Khadim

2. What is Information?
 Information is data processed for some purpose
 Information can only be considered to be 'real' Info if it meets certain
criteria i.e.
1. It must be communicated to the recipient
2. It must be in a language that is understood
3. It must be in a suitable form
4. It must be relevant for achieving some purpose

3. Information Technology
Information is any form of communication that provides
understandable and useful knowledge for the person receiving it.
Information technology is the application of computer and
telecommunication equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and
manipulate data.
Components of IT infrastructure consist of software, data, and
networks – require computer hardware for their storage or operation.

4. SOCIAL IMPACTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Audio Visual Sessions for Training
Interactive E-Learning Classes
Social Communication
Simulation Games
E-mails & Messaging
Video Conferencing

5. Uses of Information Technology
Information technology is an essential partner in management of
your business, regardless of the kind of creativity you operate.
Whether you need computers for storage, transfer, retrieval or
transmission of information, you can manage your business with
greater accuracy and efficiency with the assistance of information
technology and computer applications.

6. Importance of Information Technology
In this modern day and age, information technology plays a big role.
Using information technology, businesses have the ability to view changes in
the global markets far faster than they usually do.
Most larger businesses have their own information technology department like
Olympia Technology park, Chennai
Tata Consultancy services, Delhi
Arfa Software Technology park, Lahore

7. What is a Computer?
Computer Derived From Greek Word
Meaning “ To Calculate”
First Time This Word Used In 15th Century In The Context Of Calculations
Till 19 Century The Word Described As A Machine Which Carries Out Calculations.
A computer is a general purpose programmable device that is used for the production and
processing of information.
 Capable of calculating and storing results.
A Computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores, manipulates data and
provide output in a useful format.

8. Computer Defined as
An electronic machine which takes input, processes it and produce
output. it operates under instructions stored in its own memory that is
called storage medium.
A Computer can:
 Accept Data
Manipulates and Process Data
Stores Data
Retrieve Information For Future

9. General Purpose
Most devices can be described by their function e.g. Washing Machine,
DVD Player Computers, however, can be used for almost any purpose:
- Typewriter
- Store Information
- Share Information
- Video Editing
- DVD / CD Player

10. How computers process information
Computers accept inputs ( i.e. data)
 The input is translated into binary numbers and ‘processed’
The process produces output (i.e. information)
 This sequence can repeat endlessly: outputs can be inputs Illustrating this -
the ‘Black Box’ model
Processing - the ‘Black Box’ model

11. Components of a Computer System
Computer Systems are made up of:
Hardware – the physical parts
Software - the instructions or programs that control the
hardware
The Human Being – the brains behind the whole system!

12. Von Neumann model
Most Computers are based on a model proposed by John Von Neumann
in 1946
The ‘logical’ units of this model are:
1. Stored program
2. Central Processing Unit
3. Memory
4. Input and Output devices

13. Use of computer
Internet Searching
Store Information
Online Education
Brilliant Aid in Teaching
Reliable Data Retrieval

14. Hardware components
A typical PC System is made up of:
– System Unit
– Keyboard
– Monitor
– Mouse
– Printer
– Modem
– Multimedia Devices

15. Hardware – The System Unit
The central component of the system consist on:
-The Processor: corresponds to the CPU
- Memory: RAM and ROM
- Storage: Hard Disk, Removable Storage devices

16. The Processor (CPU)
Speed is very important – measured in megahertz (MHz): the faster the
processor the more calculations performed per second.
Memory
A computer must be able to store its calculations and programs
Two types of memory: “Volatile” and permanent.
Measured in bytes
One byte = eight bits

17. Thanks!