This document discusses hardware and software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs and procedures that perform tasks. It describes two main types of software: system software and application software. System software manages computer hardware and includes operating systems, translators, and utility programs. Application software performs specific tasks for users, like Microsoft Office programs. It also discusses programming languages used to write programs and translators like compilers and interpreters that convert programs to machine language for execution.

1. Hardware and SoftwareHardware and Software
ByBy
Dr. Pravin H. GhosekarDr. Pravin H. Ghosekar
M.Sc.(C/S), MCM, DBM, M.Phil(IT), M.Phil(Comm), MBA, BJ. Ph.D.M.Sc.(C/S), MCM, DBM, M.Phil(IT), M.Phil(Comm), MBA, BJ. Ph.D.
HOD Computer DepartmentHOD Computer Department
Dhanwate National CollegeDhanwate National College
NagpurNagpur
08/10/201008/10/2010

2. Hardware
• Physical components of computer is known as
Hardware.
• Hardware cannon perform any task. It requires
instructions to carry out any tasks.
• Computer hardware are useless without
programs or software

3. Software
• Software refers to a set of computer
programs, procedures and associated documents
(flowcharts, manuals, etc) describing the
programs, and how they are to be used.
• Software are intangible entities i.e. we cannot
touch, feel it.
• Software is a group of programs that solve a
specific problem or perform a specific type of
job.
Types of Software
1. System Software
2. Application Software

4. System Software
• System software manages and controls computer
hardware so that application software can perform
a task.
• System software performs following functions :
1. Support execution of program
2. Supports development of other application S/w
3. Monitors effective use of various h/w resources
such as CPU, memory, peripherals, etc.
4. Communicates with and control operation of
peripheral devices such as printer, disk, tape, etc.

5. System Software
• System software manages and controls computer
hardware so that application software can perform
a task.
• System software makes the operation of a
computer system more effective and efficient
• System software performs following functions :
1. Support execution of program
2. Supports development of other application S/w
3. Monitors effective use of various h/w resources
such as CPU, memory, peripherals, etc.
4. Communicates with and control operation of
peripheral devices such as printer, disk, tape, etc.

6. System Software
System software includes :
• Operating System : It controls and supervises a computer
systems hardware and provides services to the programmers
and users of a computer system.
It manage the hardware for the most efficient use of
computer resources and to provide an application program and
the hardware.
It is the interface between user and hardware
• Translator : translates source code to object Code
• Utility Programs : for system maintenance (format,
backup, disk cleanup, defragmentation)
• Device Drivers : Facilitate i/o devices

7. Application Software
• Application software or programs are designed to
perform specific functions directly for the user or
for the another application program.
• It is the interface between the user and the
system software, which allows the user to perform
specific tasks.

8. Application Softwares
• Microsoft Office
• Microsoft Word
• Microsoft Excel
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Microsoft Access
• Microsoft Outlook Express
• Lotus SmartSuite
• Open Office
• Corel Suite

9. Application Softwares
• Desktop Publishing (DTP)
• CorelDraw
• PageMaker
• PhotoShop
• Tally
• AutoCAD
• MS-Paint
• MS Internet Explorer

10. Programming Languages
• Set of instructions is known as ‘program’ which
instructs to the hardware to perform particular
operation and generate required result (output).
• The Computer Programming Languages are the
languages which are used to write program.
• A computer language is a language that can be
understood by the computer.
• The process of writing such instructions in a
computer or programming language is called
programming or coding. It is nothing but a
‘Problem Solving Technique’.

11. Types of Languages
• Low Level Language / Machine Language (1st
Generation Lang)
it uses 0 and 1.
• Middle Level Language / Assembly Language
(2nd
Generation Lang)
it uses Mnemonic code.
• High Level Language (3rd
Generation Lang)
it uses English like words & symbols

12. Translator
• Programs written in HLL need to be
converted into machine language before
execution.
• ‘Interpreter’ and ‘Compiler’ converts High
Level Lang programs (Source Code) into
Machine Lang. (Object Code).
• Interpreter translates one statement at a
time
• Complier translates whole program at once
• Assembler translates Assembly Lang prog
into Machine Lang.

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