This document discusses optical computers, which use photons and light beams rather than electricity to perform computations. Optical computers offer advantages like immunity to electromagnetic interference, low transmission loss, large bandwidth, and parallel communication capabilities. They use components like VCSELs (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers) and photonic crystals to transmit and manipulate light for computations. While optical computers promise increased speeds, some challenges remain in miniaturizing optical components and addressing issues like interference from dust particles.

1. Optical cOmputers
presented by,
k.vamsi krishna
14A81A0576.

2. cOntents:
What is optical computers.
Why optical computers.
Example.
Optical computation.
Parallel communication.
Optical components.
Advantages.
Disadvantages.
Conclusion.

3. What is Optical cOmputer…What is Optical cOmputer…
 An optical computer is a computer that uses photons in
visible light or IR beams to perform digital computation .

4. Why Optical cOmputers...?Why Optical cOmputers...?

In silicon computers, the speed of computers was
achieved by miniaturizing electronic components.

They are immune to electromagnetic interference, and free
from electrical short circuits.

They have low-loss transmission and provide large bandwidth;
i.e. multiplexing capability, capable of communicating several
channels in parallel without interference.

5. EXAMPLESEXAMPLES
Optical computers use light for storing and
transmitting and operating on data.
Consider E-mail
.txt format
Electronic
To Photonic
Converter
•Fiber optic
cables

6. Optical cOmputatiOnOptical cOmputatiOn
 Light in the place of Electron
 Uses optical components
 Transistors, logical gates etc. are simulated using optics.
 All-optical components require a high level of laser power
to function as required.
 Send pulses of light instead of pulses of electricity

7. parallel cOmmunicatiOnparallel cOmmunicatiOn

8. Optical cOmpOnents...Optical cOmpOnents...

VCSELVCSEL-vertical cavity surface emitting micro laser

VCSELs have high performance and low cost advantages

Emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface
of a fabricated wafer.

9.  VCSEL converts the electrical signal to optical using lens
and micromirrors

10. 
Photonic CrystalsPhotonic Crystals-- crystals designed to replace
transistors in optical computers.

Optical nanostructures that are designed to affect the
motion of Photons.

11. AdvAntAges...AdvAntAges...

Increase in the speed of computation.

Free from electrical short circuits.

Have low- transmission loss and large bandwidth.

Speed of light in photonic circuits will be close to speed of
light in vacuum

Capable of communicating several channels in parallel
without interference.

Possesses superior storage density and accessibility

No power loss due to excess of heating.

Life of the hardware of optical computer is more.

12. disAdvAntAges
Optical components and their production is
expensive.
Optical components are not miniaturied enough yet.
problems of exact manufacture.
In compatibility.
Due to interference caused by dust particles.

13. CONCLUSION
 Optical technology promises massive upgrades in the
efficiency and speed of computers, as well as significant
shrinkage in their size and cost.
 Even though pure Optical computer has many challenges
hybrid opto-electrical computer can be expected very soon,
and in near future pure optical computer too..

15. ANy qUerIeS