The document discusses the wireless communication standard ZigBee. It notes that ZigBee is based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and was created by the ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee is intended for low-power wireless networks for control and sensor applications. It operates in the 2.4GHz, 868MHz and 915MHz bands and supports mesh networking topologies with up to 65,000 nodes. The document provides details on ZigBee specifications, security features, power consumption and range compared to other wireless technologies like Bluetooth. It outlines common uses of ZigBee in applications like home automation, environmental and agricultural monitoring.

1. ZigBeeZigBee
Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications
IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4
Ghanshyam DusaneGhanshyam Dusane

2. What is ZigBee?

3. What is ZigBee?What is ZigBee?
 Technological Standard Created forTechnological Standard Created for
Control and Sensor NetworksControl and Sensor Networks
 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4Based on the IEEE 802.15.4
StandardStandard (The Institute of Electrical and(The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers is a professional associationElectronics Engineers is a professional association
headquartered in New York City that is dedicatedheadquartered in New York City that is dedicated
to advancing technological innovation andto advancing technological innovation and
excellence. Founded 1963)excellence. Founded 1963)
 Created by the ZigBee AllianceCreated by the ZigBee Alliance

4. The 802 Wireless SpaceThe 802 Wireless Space
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/
Range
PeakDataRate
Closer Farther
SlowerFaster
UWB
Wireless
Data
Applications
Sources: WRH + Co
Wireless
Video
Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Wireless
Sensors
Wireless
Networking
Wi-Fi®

6. Basic Radio CharacteristicsBasic Radio Characteristics
ZigBee technology relies
upon IEEE 802.15.4, which
has excellent performance
in low SNR environments

7. – ““the software”the software”
– Network, Security &Network, Security &
Application layersApplication layers
– Brand managementBrand management
IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4
– ““the hardware”the hardware”
– Physical & MediaPhysical & Media
Access Control layersAccess Control layers
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In ContextIEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context
PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
MAC
Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Application
API
ZigBee
Alliance
IEEE
802.15.4
Customer
Silicon Stack App
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt

8. DecreasingDecreasing
•Power consumptionPower consumption
–ZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mAZigBee: 10mA <==> BT: 100mA
•Production costsProduction costs
–In the beginning of 2005In the beginning of 2005
–ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $ZigBee: 1.1 $ <==> BT: 3 $
•Development costsDevelopment costs
–Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½Codesize ZB/codesize BT = ½
•Bit-error-rate (BER)Bit-error-rate (BER)

9. IncreasingIncreasing
• SensitivitySensitivity
– ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)
• flexibilityflexibility
– No. of supported nodesNo. of supported nodes
– ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)
• SecuritySecurity
– ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)
• Latency requirementsLatency requirements
– ZigBee: optional guaranteed time slotZigBee: optional guaranteed time slot
• RangeRange
– ZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 mZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 m

11. ZigBee and Other WirelessZigBee and Other Wireless
TechnologiesTechnologies
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp

12. ZigBee – Highly SecureZigBee – Highly Secure
 Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionUtilizes AES 128-bit encryption
 Concept of a “trust center”Concept of a “trust center”
 Link and network keysLink and network keys
 Authentication and encryptionAuthentication and encryption
 Security can be customized for theSecurity can be customized for the
applicationapplication
 Keys can be “hard-wired” intoKeys can be “hard-wired” into
applicationapplication

13. ZigBee Aims LowZigBee Aims Low
 Low data rateLow data rate
 Low power consumptionLow power consumption
 Small packet devicesSmall packet devices

14. ZigBee FrequenciesZigBee Frequencies
 Operates in Unlicensed BandsOperates in Unlicensed Bands
 ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbpsISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps868 MHz European Band at 20kbps
 915 MHz North American Band at915 MHz North American Band at
40kbps40kbps

15. What Does ZigBee Do?What Does ZigBee Do?
 Designed for wireless controls andDesigned for wireless controls and
sensorssensors
 Operates in Personal Area NetworksOperates in Personal Area Networks
(PAN’s) and device-to-device(PAN’s) and device-to-device
networksnetworks
 Connectivity between small packetConnectivity between small packet
devicesdevices
 Control of lights, switches,Control of lights, switches,
thermostats, appliances, etc.thermostats, appliances, etc.

16. Lights and SwitchesLights and Switches
Source: ZigBee Specification Document

17. How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
 TopologyTopology
– StarStar
– Cluster TreeCluster Tree
– MeshMesh
 Network coordinator, routers, endNetwork coordinator, routers, end
devicesdevices

18. How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
 States of operationStates of operation
– ActiveActive
– SleepSleep
 DevicesDevices
– Full Function Devices (FFD’s)Full Function Devices (FFD’s)
– Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)
 Modes of operationModes of operation
– BeaconBeacon
– Non-beaconNon-beacon

19. Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

20. Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

21. Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

22. Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

23. Slide Courtesy of
ZigBee Mesh NetworkingZigBee Mesh Networking
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations

24.  The IEEE 802.15.4 standard wasThe IEEE 802.15.4 standard was
completed in May 2003.completed in May 2003.
 The ZigBee specifications were ratified onThe ZigBee specifications were ratified on
14 December 2004.14 December 2004.
 The ZigBee Alliance announced publicThe ZigBee Alliance announced public
availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 Juneavailability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June
2005.2005.
 Much research is still going on withMuch research is still going on with
ZigBee.ZigBee.

25. Research PapersResearch Papers
 Time Synchronization for ZigBee NetworksTime Synchronization for ZigBee Networks
 ZigBee: “Wireless Control That SimplyZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply
Works”Works”
 Journal of Neuroengineering andJournal of Neuroengineering and
RehabilitationRehabilitation
 Development of Ubiquitous SensorDevelopment of Ubiquitous Sensor
NetworkNetwork
 Wireless Technologies for Data AcquisitionWireless Technologies for Data Acquisition
SystemsSystems

26. ZigBee ProductsZigBee Products
 Development KitsDevelopment Kits
 SensorsSensors
 TransceiversTransceivers
 ModulesModules

27. Current ZigBee UsesCurrent ZigBee Uses
 Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring
 Agricultural MonitoringAgricultural Monitoring
 Home Automation Still on HorizonHome Automation Still on Horizon

28. ZigBee’s FutureZigBee’s Future
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092

29. Any Queries???Any Queries???

30. ReferencesReferences
 http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp
 http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentationshttp://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/#SlidePresentations
 http://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdfhttp://computing.arizona.edu/networkmasterplan/tech_hpe_0703.pdf
 http://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Techhttp://www.santafe.cc.fl.us/~faeds/presentations/2004%20Educational%20Tech
%20Landscape.ppt#11%20Landscape.ppt#11
 http://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpghttp://danielneamu.rdscv.ro/cutenews/images/gartner_hype_cycle_4.jpg
 http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868http://www.embedded.com/shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=52600868
 http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asphttp://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/wo_brown081904.asp
 http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm?
referrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbeereferrer=adwords_campaign=zigbee_ad=013761&_content_kw=what%20is%20zigbee
 http://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdfhttp://www.emba.uvm.edu/~jfrolik/papers/chris_prop.pdf
 http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdfhttp://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1743-0003-2-6/1743-0003-2-6.pdf
 http://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdfhttp://www.oki.com/en/otr/200/downloads/otr-200-R08.pdf
 http://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdhttp://www.ece.uah.edu/~milenka/docs/dc_ssst05_synch.pdff
 http://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdfhttp://www.merl.com/reports/docs/TR2005-029.pdf
 http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_
and_zigbee.pptand_zigbee.ppt
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee
 http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092
 http://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asphttp://www.zigbee.org/en/spec_download/download_request.asp

31. Thank youThank you
forfor
your attention!your attention!
Have a nice Day!Have a nice Day!