Zigbee is a wireless networking standard used for low-power digital radios in personal area networks. It uses small, low-power digital radios designed for use in wireless sensor and control networks. Zigbee devices include coordinators, routers, and end devices. Coordinators manage the network, routers relay data, and end devices can only communicate with their parent node. Zigbee uses mesh networking topologies to allow for redundancy and multiple communication paths. Its software architecture is built on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and includes network, application, and device object layers. Zigbee networks are initialized by coordinators searching for channels and assigning PAN IDs to start the network for other devices

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2. Abstract Zigbee is a wireless network It is the name of specification for a suite of high level communication protocols small, lower power digital radios used in ZigBee It is based on IEEE802.15.4 It can be used as wireless personal area network (WPAN) Zigbee is a low cost, low power wireless mesh networking is standard

3. TYPES OF ZIGBEE DEVICES ZIGBEE COORDINATOR: The coordinator root of the network tree and it might be bridge networks There exactly one zigbee coordinator in each network It is able to store information about the network ZIGBEE ROUTER: Router can act as an intermediate router, passing the data from other devices

4. Zegbee end devices: It contains just enough functionality to talk the parent node It can not relay data from other devices The long battery life provided by zigbee end devices ZED requires least amount of memory there fore it is in expensive

5. Software And Hardware The software is designed to be easy to develop on small , inexpensive microprocessors The radio designed used by zigbee has been carefully optimized for low cost in large scale production The radios are tested to the ISO 17025 The integrated radio and microcontroller designed on to a single chip

6. History Zigbee style networks began in 1998 when many installers like WiFi and bluetooth were going to unsuitable for many applications IEEE802.15.4 standard was completed in May 2003 and specifications were ratified in 2004

7. Zigbee topologies Star topology: This is linked to all other nodes in the network All messages travel via the central node PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device Star

8. Tree topology: It has branch/leaf structure To reach it’s destination, a message travels up the tree and then down the tree Mesh topology: In this some leaves are directly linked Message can travel across the tree when a suitable route is available Mesh Cluster Tree

15. Zigbee software architecture Zigbee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control It’s based on IEEE802.15.4 standard There are four main components: Network layer Application layer Zigbee device objects (ZDOs) Manufacturer defined application objects

16. Application frame work and SAPs Application frame work: It contains application objects facilitates interaction between the application and the APS layer Application objects interacts with APS layer through an interface known as service access point Service access point: There are usually 4 types of operation implemented by a SAP Request Confirm Response indication

17. Zigbee Initialization and operation Network initialization involves the following steps: Searching for Radio Channel: Coordinator 1 st searches for a suitable radio channel Search is limited to those channels that are know to be usable- Ex:-which it is known that a wireless LAN is operating. Assign pan id: Coordinator starts the network , assigning a PAN ID The PAN ID can be pre determined, or can be obtained dynamically by detecting other networks

18. Start the Network : The coordinator then finishes configuration itself and starts itself in coordinator mode It is then ready to respond to queries from other devices that wish to join the network Joining a Zigbee Network: The join process is as fallows: Search for Network Select parent Send join Request Accept of Reject join Request

19. Applications Characteristics (large data speeds and low energy consumption) Maintenance free networks: Energy savings: Business applications

20. ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TV VCR DVD/CD remote security lighting control access control garden irrigation PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy PERSONAL HEALTH CARE BUILDING AUTOMATION security lighting control access control mouse keyboard joystick patient monitoring fitness monitoring

21. Conclusion Low cost Lower power consumption Zigbee devices will be more ecological than its predecessors saving megawatts at it full deployment High density of nodes per network zigbee is poised to become the global control/sensor network standard.

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