zigbee technology is a modren technology .

1. ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY
RAVALI

2. *outline…….
• 1) What is Zigbee?
• 2)How it works?
• 3)Zigbee network topologies..
• 4)Architecture..
• 5)Zigbee Specifications..
• 6)Mesh Networking..
• 7)Zigbee Alliance..
• 8)Overview..
• 9)Who uses Zigbee..
• 10)Cluster Library..
• 11)Device type and Operating modes..
• 12)General characterstics..
• 13)Operating frequency bands..
• 14)What decices uses Zigbee..
• 15)Zigbee v/s Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11,Communication models
• 16)Channel access and Zigbee applications
• 17)Advantages and Disadvantages
• 18)Conclusion

3. What is zigbee ?
• Technological standard created for control and sensors networks
• Based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard
• Created by ZIGBEE ALLIANCE. The Zigbee Alliance was created to develop a set of standards for IoT
devices, or wireless home automation devices, that use the Zigbee communication protocol. Its mission is to
help simplify, harmonize and build global open standards for the Internet of Things (IoT).

4. IEEE 802.15.4 & Zigbee in context
Zigbee
International standard IEEE 802.15.4
Developed by Connectivity Standards Alliance
Industry Industrial, scientific, medical, and IoT
Physical range 10 to 100 meters
Website https://csa-iot.org/

5. *What is ZIGBEE and how it works?
1) Zigbee is a standards-based wireless technology developed to enable low-cost, low-power wireless machine-to-
machine (M2M) and internet of things (IoT) networks.
2) Zigbee is for low-data rate, low-power applications and is an open standard. for wireless personal area networks
(WPANs). The Zigbee WPANs operate on 2.4 Ghz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz frequencies

6. *Zigbee Network Topologies…
. Star Topology: (ZigBee Smart Energy): Consists of a coordinator and several end devices, end devices communicate only
with the coordinator.
• Mesh Topology: (Self Healing Process): Mesh topology consists of one coordinator, several routers, and end devices.
• Tree Topology: In this topology, the network consists of a central node which is a coordinator, several routers, and end
devices. the function of the router is to extend the network coverage.
• Architecture of Zigbee..
• Zigbee architecture is a combination of 6 layers.
• Application Layer
• Application Interface Layer
• Security Layer
• Network Layer
• Medium Access Control Layer
• Physical Layer

7. .

8. *Zigbee specifications…
1) Zigbee is built for control and sensor networks on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard for wireless
personal area networks (WPANs). The Zigbee WPANs operate on 2.4 Ghz, 900 MHz and 868 MHz
frequencies.
As of this writing, there are two Zigbee specifications: Zigbee PRO, Zigbee RF4CE and Zigbee IP.
a) Zigbee RF4CE is designed for simple, two-way device-to-device control applications that don't need
the full-featured mesh networking functionalities offered by the Zigbee specification.
b) Zigbee IP optimizes the standard for IPv6-based full wireless mesh networks, offering internet
connections to control low-power, low-cost devices.

9. *Mesh Networking…
a)A key piece of the Zigbee protocol is its ability to support mesh networking. Zigbee uses a mesh network architecture
for communication.
b)A mesh network is a local area network (LAN), wireless LAN (WLAN) or virtual LAN (VLAN) that employs one of two
decentralized connection arrangements: full mesh topology or partial mesh topology.
c)In a full mesh topology, each network node is connected directly to other nodes. In a partial mesh topology, some
nodes are connected to all the others, but some are only connected to nodes they exchange the most data with.
• The Zigbee protocol defines three types of nodes: coordinators, routers and end devices. Although all nodes can
send and receive data, they each play a different role.
•
.

10. *ZIGBEE ALLIANCE…
• The Zigbee Alliance works to simplify wireless product integration to help product manufacturers introduce energy-
efficient wireless control into their products faster and more cost-effectively. Alliance members create standards
that offer reliable, secure, low-power and easy-to-use wireless communication, using an open standards
development process to guide their work. The alliance is organized by committees, work groups, study groups, task
forces and special interest groups.
•

11. *OVERVIEW
1) Zigbee is a low-power wireless mesh network standard targeted at battery powered devices in wireless control and
monitoring applications.
2) Zigbee delivers low-latency communication. Zigbee chips are typically integrated with radios and with microcontrollers.
Zigbee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands: 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide;
3) though some devices also use 784 MHz in China, 868 MHz in Europe and 915 MHz in the US and Australia, however
even those regions and countries still use 2.4 GHz for most commercial Zigbee devices for home use.
4) Data rates vary from 20 kbit/s (868 MHz band) to 250 kbit/s (2.4 GHz band).
A zigbee model ………!

12. *who uses Zigbee…
• Zigbee is also used by vendors that provide connected lighting products for homes and businesses. With Zigbee-
based smart home products, consumers can control LED figures, lightbulbs, remotes and switches in home and
remotely to improve energy management.
• Utility companies can use Zigbee in their smart meters to monitor, control, inform, and automate the delivery and
use of energy and water. Smart meters give the coZigbee is used by a variety of cable and telecommunication
companies in their set-top boxes, satellite transceivers and home gateways to provide home monitoring and
energy management products to their customers.
• nsumers the information -- and automation -- needed to reduce energy use and save money.
SMART HOME…..!

13. *Cluster Library…..
• In September 2006, the Zigbee 2006 Specification was announced, obsoleting the 2004 stack] The 2006 specification replaces
the message and key–value pair structure used in the 2004 stack with a cluster library. The library is a set of standardised
commands, attributes and global artifacts organised under groups known as clusters with names such as Smart Energy, Home
Automation, and Zigbee Light Link.
• In January 2017, Zigbee Alliance renamed the library to Dotdot and announced it as a new protocol to be represented by an
emoticon (||:). They also announced it will now additionally run over other network types using Internet Protocol[6] and will
interconnect with other standards such as Thread. Since its unveiling, Dotdot has functioned as the default application layer
for almost all Zigbee devices.

14. *APPLICATION PROFILES…
• The first Zigbee application profile, Home Automation, was announced November 2, 2007.[citation needed] Additional
application profiles have since been published.
• The Zigbee Smart Energy 2.0 specifications define an Internet Protocol-based communication protocol to monitor,
control, inform, and automate the delivery and use of energy and water. It is an enhancement of the Zigbee Smart
Energy version 1 specifications.[
• HomeGrid Forum responsible for marketing and certifying ITU-T G.hn technology and products
• HomePlug Powerline Alliance
• International Society of Automotive Engineers SAE International
• IPSO Alliance
• SunSpec Alliance
• Wi-Fi Alliance
*DEVICE TYPE AND OPERATING MODES…
There are three classes of Zigbee devices:
Zigbee Coordinator (ZC): The most capable device, the coordinator forms the root of the network tree and may bridge
to other networks. There is precisely one Zigbee coordinator in each network since it is the device that started the
network originally a Zigbee coordinator, making it more usable for off-the-shelf home products).

15. Zigbee Router (ZR): As well as running an application function, router devices can act as intermediate routers, passing data on
to other devices. These types of Zigbee products are typically mains-powered so they are always available on the network.
Zigbee Router devices are sometimes called Zigbee repeaters or Zigbee range extenders.
Zigbee End device (ZED): Contains just enough functionality to talk to the parent node (either the coordinator or a router); it
cannot relay data from other devices. This relationship allows the node to be asleep a significant amount of the time thereby
giving long battery life. These types of Zigbee device products are often battery-powered. A ZED requires the least amount of
memory and thus can be less expensive to manufacture than a ZR or ZC.

16. *General Characterstics of Zigbee….
• Low Power Consumption
• Low Data Rate (20- 250 kbps)
• Short-Range (75-100 meters)
• Network Join Time (~ 30 msec)
• Support Small and Large Networks (up to 65000 devices (Theory); 240 devices (Practically))
• Low Cost of Products and Cheap Implementation (Open Source Protocol)
• Extremely low duty cycle.
• 3 frequency bands with 27 channels.
• Operating Frequency Bands…(Only one channel will be selected for use in a network):
• Channel 0: 868 MHz (Europe)
• Channel 1-10: 915 MHz (the US and Australia)
• Channel 11-26: 2.4 GHz (Across the World)

17. *What Devices Uses Zigbee…
• The following list of devices supports the ZigBee protocol.
• Belkin WeMo
• Samsung SmartThings
• Yale smart locks
• Philips Hue
• Thermostats from Honeywell
• Ikea Tradfri
• Security Systems from Bosch
• Comcast Xfinity Box from Samsung
• Hive Active Heating & accessories
• Amazon Echo Plus
• Amazon Echo Show

18. *Zigbee v/s Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
• 1) The data rates of IEEE 802.11 can be as high as 11 Mbps and the typical application of this protocol is wireless
internet connection. The range of IEEE 802.11b is up to 35meter indoors and about 100 meters outdoors.
• 2)The Bluetooth Technology is a very famous and one of the most commonly use wireless communication
technologies. The popular application of Bluetooth is Wireless Headphones.
• 3)The data rates of Bluetooth are lower that IEEE 802.11 and are less that 3 Mbps. The indoor range of Bluetooth is
less than 10 meters.
• 4) Coming to the Zigbee Technology, it has a data rate of 250 kbps, which is the lowest among the three and the
typical range of Zigbee is between 10 meters and 100 meters.

19. • An application may consist of communicating objects which cooperate to carry out the desired tasks. Tasks will typically be
largely local to each device, for instance, the control of each household appliance. The focus of Zigbee is to distribute work among
many different devices which reside within individual Zigbee nodes which in turn form a network.
• The objects that form the network communicate using the facilities provided by APS, supervised by ZDO interfaces. Within a single
device, up to 240 application objects can exist, numbered in the range 1–240. 0 is reserved for the ZDO data interface and 255 for
broadcast; the 241-254 range is not currently in use but may be in the future.
ZIGBEE HighLevel Communication Model….
*COMMUNICATION MODELS…

20. *channel Access…
. Contention Based Method (Carrier-Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance Mechanism)
• Contention Free Method (Coordinator dedicates a specific time slot to each device (Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS)))
*Zigbee Applications…
• Home Automation
• Medical Data Collection
• Industrial Control Systems
• meter reading system
• light control system

21. *Advantages …
• 1) High node support
• 2)Suitable for low power devices
• 3)Range
• 4)Monitoring
• 5)Flexible
*Disadvantages…
• 1)Channel noise
• 2)The transmission rate is low
• 3)Security and Compatability
• 4)Expensive
• 5)Alternative

22. *Colclusion…
The ZigBee Standard enables the broad-based
deployment of reliable wireless networks
with low complexity, low cost solutions and
provides the ability for a product to run for
years on inexpensive primary batteries (for a
typical monitoring application).