Zigbee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks from small, low-power digital radios. It operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps in different frequency bands. Zigbee devices can transmit data over long distances by passing through a mesh network and has a range of 10-100 meters. The technology targets applications requiring low data transfer rates and long battery life and is often used in industrial automation and home automation through devices like door locks and security sensors.

1. Zigbee
technology
 Submitted By:-PRANJUL MANI RASTOGI
 Branch:-EC-2
 Roll No.:-1214331105

2. CONTENTS
 What is ZigBee
 ZigBee Technical Goals
 IEEE 802.15.4
 WPANs
 Network Architecture
 ZigBee Device Model
 Operating Modes
 Simulation of ZigBee Networks
 ZigBee Vs other Network Protocols
 ZigBee Applications
 Conclusion

3. What is ZigBee
 ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high-level communication
protocols used to create personal area networks built from
small, low-power digital radios.

4. Introduction
 Emerging standardized protocol for Ultra low power Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
 ZigBee is an established set of specifications for Wireless
Personal Area Networking (WPAN) i.e, digital radio
connections between computers and related devices.
 ZigBee is targeted at Radio-frequency (RF) applications which
require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure
networking.
 ZigBee networks are secured by 128 bit symmetric
encryption keys

5. CONTD.
 ZigBee devices can transmit data over long
distances by passing data through a mesh
network of intermediate devices to reach more
distant ones.
 ZigBee is often used in industrial automation and
physical plant operation.
 ZigBee is based on the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers Standards
Association's 802.15 specification.

6. ZigBee Technical Goals
 Maximum data rates allowed for each of these frequency
bands are fixed as 250 kbps @2.4 GHz, 40 kbps @ 915 MHz, and
20 kbps @868 MHz .
 10 to 100 m coverage range.
 Up to 100 collocated networks.
 Up to 2 years of battery life on standard alkaline
Batteries.

7. IEEE 802.15.4

8. IEEE 802.15.4
 IEEE 802.15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE 802 standards committee which
specifies wireless personal area network (WPAN) standards.
 Low-Rate wireless PAN(e.g., ZigBee, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.)
 Zigbee is set of high level communication protocols based upon the
specification produced by 802.15.4 - standard for wireless personal
area networks (WPANs)

9. Wireless Personal Area
Network(WPAN)
 A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for data
transmission among devices such
as computers,telephones and personal digital assistants.
 Connections are wireless.
 Wireless PAN is based on the standard IEEE 802.15
 Technologies for WPAN:
o Wireless USB
o Bluetooth
o Wifi
o Infrared Data Association
o ZigBee, etc.

10. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:
ZigBee

11. ZigBee Device Model
 ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
- One and only one required for each ZigBee network.
- ZigBee Network has unique PAN ID and channel no
- Initiates network formation.
- Acts as 802.15.4 PAN coordinator (FFD).
- May act as router once network is formed.
 ZigBee Router (ZR)
- Optional network component.
- May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.
- Acts as 802.15.4 coordinator (FFD).
- Participates in multihop routing of messages.
 ZigBee End Device (ZED)
- Joins ZC or ZR.
- Optional network component.
- Acts as 802.15.4 End device (RFD).
- Optimized for very low power operation
- Shall not allow association and shall not participate in routing.

12. Operating Modes
Non Beacon enabled Networks
 ZigBee Routers typically have their receivers continuously active.
 Requires a more robust power supply.
Beacon enabled Networks
 ZigBee Routers transmit periodic beacons to confirm their presence
to other network nodes.
 Lowering their duty cycle and extending their battery life.
 Beacon intervals depend on data rate:
 15.36 milliseconds to 251.65824 seconds at 250 kbit/s
 24 milliseconds to 393.216 seconds at 40 kbit/s
 48 milliseconds to 786.432 seconds at 20 kbit/s.

13. Simulation of ZigBee
Networks
 Network simulators, like NS2, OPNET,
and NetSim can be used to simulate IEEE 802.15.4
ZigBee networks.
 These simulators come with open source C or C++
libraries for users to modify. This way users can
determine the validity of new algorithms prior to
hardware implementation.

14. ZigBee Vs Other Wireless
Protocols

15. ZigBee Vs Bluetooth
 Bluetooth targets medium data rate continuous duty
– 1 Mbps over the air, ~700 kbps best case data transfer
– File transfer, streaming telecom audio
– Point to multipoint networking
 ZigBee targets low data rate, low duty cycle
– 250 kbps over the air, 60-115 kbps typical data transfer
– Long battery life (weeks to months)
– More sophisticated networking

16. ZigBee Applications

17. ZigBee Home Automation

18. CONTD.
 Tested and proven standard for connecting devices in the
home.
 Energy management with Energy@home.
 Technical improvements for easier installation and upgrades.
 Achieve 2 year battery life for door locks and more than 7
years for security sensors.
 INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
 Control devices from anywhere in the world.
 Use mobile phones to control smart home.

21. Conclusion
 ZigBee will play a vital role in the mass adoption
of cost effective, low power, mesh networking
technology for monitoring and control
applications, based on an open global standard.
 Near Future more flexibility and cost savings for
consumers and greater control over household
appliances.
 Used for campus-wide electrical and security
systems from a single computer

22. THANK YOU