The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
Pulse Amplitude (PAM)
Pulse Width (PWM/PLM/PDM)
Pulse Position (PPM)
Comparison of PAM, PWM and PPM
Pulse Code (PCM)
Delta (DM)
Comparison of DM and PCM
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
Pulse Amplitude (PAM)
Pulse Width (PWM/PLM/PDM)
Pulse Position (PPM)
Comparison of PAM, PWM and PPM
Pulse Code (PCM)
Delta (DM)
Comparison of DM and PCM
Base band transmission
*Wave form representation of binary digits
*PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM systems
*Detection of signals in Gaussian noise
*Matched filter - Application of matched filter
*Error probability performance of binary signaling
*Multilevel base band transmission
*Inter symbol interference
*Eye pattern
*Companding
*A law and μ law
*Correlation receiver
It is a digital representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to, and then represented by, binary data.
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
Base band transmission
*Wave form representation of binary digits
*PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM systems
*Detection of signals in Gaussian noise
*Matched filter - Application of matched filter
*Error probability performance of binary signaling
*Multilevel base band transmission
*Inter symbol interference
*Eye pattern
*Companding
*A law and μ law
*Correlation receiver
It is a digital representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to, and then represented by, binary data.
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is an electronic process in which a continuously variable, or analog, the signal is changed into a multilevel digital signal without altering its essential content.
Pulse Compression Method for Radar Signal ProcessingEditor IJCATR
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decreased and hence maximum range detection gets reduced. To overcome this problem pulse compression techniques are used in the
radar systems. In this paper, the pulse compression technique is described to resolve two small targets that are located at long
range with very small separation between them.
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4. A modulation system in which amplitude of discrete
carrier signal changes in accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude of modulating
signal(message signal) keeping width and position of
carrier constant is called as PAM.
5.
6. There are 2 types of PAM :
1. Natural sampling
2. Flat top sampling
7.
8.
9. Generation and detection is easy.
Disadvantages of PAM
Added noise cannot be removed easily as it has impact
on amplitude which carries information.
Transmission bandwidth is too large.
10. The modulation system in which width of the discrete
carrier signal changes in accordance with the
instantaneous amplitude of modulating
signal(message signal) keeping amplitude and position
of carrier constant is called as PWM.
11.
12.
13. 1. Very good noise immunity.
2. Its possible to separate out signal from noise.
Disadvantages of PWM
1. Bandwidth requirement is large as compared to
PAM.
14. The modulation system in which position of
the discrete carrier signal changes in
accordance with the instantaneous
amplitude of modulating signal(message
signal) keeping amplitude and Width of
carrier constant is called as PPM.
15.
16.
17. High noise immunity.
Disadvantage of PPM
Generation and detection is complex.
19. It is the type of pulse modulation in
which the group of pulses or codes are
transmitted which represent binary
numbers corresponding to modulating
signal voltage.
20.
21.
22. 1. Secured.
2. Encoding is possible.
3. Very high noise immunity.
4. Convenient for long distance communication.
5. Good signal to noise ratio.
23. 1. Complex circuitry.
2. Requires large bandwidth.
3. Synchronization is required between transmitter &
receiver.
24. In DPCM instead of transmitting digital equivalent of
each quantized sampled signal the difference between
the present sample value and previously sampled value
is transmitted.
25.
26. 1. Less signaling rate.
2. Less bandwidth.
Disadvantages of DPCM
1. High bit rate.
2. Needs the predictor circuit to be used which is
complex.
27. In PCM system ‘N’ no of binary digit are transmitted
per quantized sample which demand high signaling
rate and transmission bandwidth.
28.
29.
30. 1. One bit code word for output.
2. Low signaling rate.
3. Low channel bandwidth.
Disadvantages of DM
1. Slope overload present.
2. Granular noise present.
31. This is the advanced version of DM.
In this step size is kept variable to avoid
slope over load error and granular noise
problem.
32.
33.
34. 1. Improved SNR.
2. Low signaling rate.
3. Reduction in slope overload and granular noise.
35. In this presentation we came across various
different PULSE Modulation techniques
and saw how they are transmitted and we
also saw their waveforms.
We also came across advantages and
disadvantages of these modulation
techniques.