ZigBee is a wireless networking technology built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard designed for low-power wireless networks. It was created to satisfy the need for an inexpensive, low-power, reliable, and secure wireless standard for monitoring and control applications. The ZigBee Alliance develops the ZigBee standard and its applications. ZigBee operates on three frequency bands and uses CSMA-CA to reduce interference. There are three device types - coordinator, router, and end device. ZigBee supports star, mesh, and peer-to-peer topologies and is well-suited for wireless sensor networks due to its low power consumption.

1. ZigBee
Technology
Presentation by
Mayur. R .Patel

2. ABSTRACT
 what is ZigBee ?
NEED FOR ZigBee
ZigBee Alliance
Why the name ZigBee ?
ZigBee Characteristics
 Device Types
Comparison between topologies
Traffic Types
Comparison between topologies
 Application
Conclusion

3. WHAT IS ZIGBEE ?
• ZigBee is a wireless networking technology.
• ZigBee is the set of specifications built around the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol.
• ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power consumption, low cost, wireless networking
protocol targeted towards automation and remote control applications.
• ZigBee is ideal for harsh radio environments in isolated locations

4. NEED FOR ZIGBEE
• ZigBee was created to satisfy the market`s need of a standards- based wireless network that is
– cost-effective
– Support low data rates
– low power consumption
– Secure and reliable
• ZigBee is only wireless standard-based technology:
– that address the unique of remote monitoring & control and sensory network application
– enables broad-based deployment of wireless network with low-cost solution.
– Provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application

5. ZIGBEE ALLIANCE
• The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to
enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring
and control products based on an open global standard ( IEEE 802.15.4 PAN
)
• Open the global
 anyone can join and participate
Membership is global

6. WHY THE NAME ZIGBEE ?
• The name "ZigBee" is derived from the erratic zig-zag
patterns many bees make between flowers when
collecting pollen. This is suggestive of the invisible
webs of connections existing in a fully wireless
environment, similar to the way packets would move
through a mesh network.

7. IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN
• Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are used to convey information over relatively
short distances.
• The main features of this standard are network flexibility, low cost, very low power
consumption, and low data rate in an Adhoc self-organizing network among inexpensive
fixed, portable, and moving devices

8. ZIGBEE CHARACTERISTICS
 ZigBee operates as one of three license-free bands
• 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz for North America, and 868 MHz for Europe
• At 2.4 GHz, there are a total of 16 channels available with a maximum data transfer of 250 kbps
• At 915 MHz: 10 channels for a max 40 kbps transfer rate
• At 868 MHz: 1 channel for a max 20 kbps transfer rate
 ZigBee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocol
• This protocol reduces the probability of interfering with other users and automatic retransmission of data ensures
robustness.
• Yields high throughput and low latency for low-duty cycle devices like sensors and control.

9. DEVICE TYPES
• The ZigBee coordinator node: There is one, and only one, ZigBee coordinator in
each network to act as the router to other networks, and can be likened to the root
of a (network) tree. It is designed to store information about the network.
• The full function device FFD: The FFD is an intermediary router transmitting data
from other devices. It needs lesser memory than the ZigBee coordinator node, and entails
lesser manufacturing costs. It can operate in all topologies and can act as a coordinator.
• The reduced function device RFD: This device is just capable of talking in the network; it
cannot relay data from other devices. Requiring even less memory, (no flash, very little
ROM and RAM), an RFD will thus be cheaper than an FFD. This device talks only to a
network coordinator and can be implemented very simply in star topology.

10. COMPARISON BETWEEN TOPOLOGIES
Star Topology
 Star topology is a
network topology in
which each network
component is
physically connected to
a central node such as
a router, hub or switch.
In a star topology, the
central hub acts like a
server and the
connecting nodes act
like clients.
Peer-to-Peer Topology
 In peer to peer
architecture, every node
is connected to another
node directly. Every
computer node is
referred to as a peer.
 Every peer provides
services to other peers as
well as uses services of
them. There is no central
server present.
Mesh Topology
 In a mesh topology, there is
no central connection
point. Instead, each node is
connected to at least one
other node and usually to
more than one.
 Each node is capable of
sending messages to and
receiving messages from
other nodes. The nodes act
as relays, passing on a
message toward its final
destination.

11. TRAFFIC TYPES
• An FFD that is not the PAN coordinator shall begin
transmitting beacon frames only when it has
successfully associated with a PAN.
• The time of the transmission of the most recent
beacon shall be recorded in mac Beacon TX
• Time and shall be computed so that its value is taken
at the same symbol boundary in each beacon frame,
the location of which is implementation specific.

12. • An unassociated device shall initiate the association
procedure by sending an associate request command
to the coordinator of an existing PAN.
• If the association request command is received
correctly, the coordinator shall send an
acknowledgement. This acknowledgement however
does not mean that the device has associated.
• The coordinator needs time to determine whether
the current sources available on a PAN are sufficient
to allow another device to associate.

13. TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

14. NETWORK MODEL
• The ZigBee Standard has evolved
standardized sets of solutions, called
‘layers'. These layers facilitate the
features that make ZigBee very
attractive: low cost, easy
implementation, reliable data transfer,
short-range operations, very low
power consumption and adequate
security features.

15. I. Network and Application Support layer : The network layer permits growth of
network sans high power transmitters. This layer can handle huge numbers of nodes. This
level in the ZigBee architecture includes the ZigBee Device Object (ZDO), user-defined
application profile(s) and the Application Support (APS) sub-layer.
II. Physical (PHY) layer : The IEEE802.15.4 PHY physical layer accommodates
high levels of integration by using direct sequence to permit simplicity in
the analog circuitry and enable cheaper implementations.
III. Media access control (MAC) layer : The IEEE802.15.4 MAC media access
control layer permits use of several topologies without introducing
complexity and is meant to work with large numbers of devices.

17. CONCLUSION
• Comparing ZigBee technology with the present Bluetooth technology it is evident that
ZigBee can have a safe future in this effervescent world of technology.
• There is definitely a place on the market for ZigBee, since no global standard exists today in
the wireless sensor network area.
• IGBEE and underlying IEEE 802.15.4 communication technology could form the basis of
FUTURE WIRELESS SENSORS, OFFERING

18. Thank you