Wrought iron is a soft, ductile iron alloy containing less than 0.1% carbon. It is superior to cast iron due to its lower brittleness. Wrought iron is manufactured through puddling, which involves reheating cast iron while mixing in air to burn off carbon. It has historically been used to build structures like the Eiffel Tower and for applications such as railings and gates due to its malleability and toughness. Today, wrought iron can still be found in home decor items and architectural details.

1. WROUGHT IRON
Submitted By :
Moksha Bhatia
1461576

2. • Wrought iron is an iron alloy which is soft, ductile,
fibrous variety.
• It usually contains less than 0.1 percent carbon and 1 or 2
percent slag.
• It is superior for most purposes to cast iron, which is
overly hard and brittle owing to its high carbon content.
• Wrought iron can be easily welded.
INTRODUCTION

3. Manufacturing of Wrought Iron
• Wrought iron is manufactured from process of
puddling of cast iron.
• This involves reheating cast iron and manually
mixing air in with the molten mass.
• Puddling, by which the molten metal is still further
exposed to a blast of air .

4. BLOOMERY PROCESS
• the bloomery is preheated by burning charcoal, and once hot,
iron ore and additional charcoal are introduced through the top,
in a roughly one to one ratio
• Air was blown in through a tuyere to heat the bloomery to a
temperature somewhat below the melting point of iron.
• Slag would melt and run out, and carbon Monoxide from the
charcoal would reduce the ore to iron.
• The mixed iron and slag cool to form a spongy mass referred to
as the bloom
• Because the bloom is highly porous, and its open spaces are full
of slag, the bloom must later be reheated and beaten with a
hammer to drive the molten slag out of it. Iron treated this way
is said to be wrought (worked), and the resulting iron, with
reduced amounts of slag is called wrought iron or bar iron.
• After smelting was complete, the bloom was removed, and the
process could then be started again

5. FINERY PROCESS
• In the 15th century, the blast furnace spread in belgium and
it was improved furthur.
• Pieces of cast iron were placed on a finery hearth.
• On finery hearth charcoal was being burned with a
plentiful supply of air so that carbon in the iron was
removed by oxidation, leaving semisolid malleable iron
behind.
• It was in turn replaced by the puddling process

6. HEARTH
HAMMER
CHARCOAL

7. PUDDLING PROCESS
• Method of converting
pig iron into wrought
iron by subjecting it to
heat and frequent
stirring in a furnace.
• It was the first method
that allowed wrought
iron to be produced on
a large scale.

8. ASTONPROCESS
• In 1925, James Aston of the United States developed a process for
manufacturing wrought iron quickly and economically.
• It involves taking molten steel from a Bessemer converter and
pouring it into cooler liquid slag.
• The molten steel contains a large amount of dissolved gases so when
the liquid steel hits the cooler surfaces of the liquid slag the gases are
liberated
• The molten steel then freezes to yield a spongy mass having a
temperature of about 1370 °C.
• . This spongy mass must then be finished by being shingled and
rolled.

9. Availabilityin Market
• Bar Iron includes simple sections - round, square, or flat. Ordinary
dimensions are generally from 1/2 inch to 3 inches diameter, or
sides, increasing by 1/16 of an inch each size. If under 1/2 an inch
diameter, they are classed as rods; or if under 3/16 inch diameter,
as wire.
• Flat Bars. - The ordinary dimensions are generally from 1 foot by
1/4 of an inch to 6 inches by 1 inch, the width increasing 1/8 of an
inch and the thickness increasing 1/16 of an inch (at the same time)
in the various sizes. Bars of these sections may be readily obtained
of to 22 feet in length without extra charge.

10. HISTORY OF WROUGHTIRON

11. • Due to its malleability and toughness, wrought iron has been
coveted for thousands of years..
• Throughout time, wrought iron has been used to build ancient
structure, warships and railways.
• Around 8th century B.C., armies were equipped with iron swords.
• 18th century – led to beautiful railings and gates throughout
London.
• Demand for wrought iron reached its peak in the 1860s with the
adaptation of iron clad warships and railways, balconies, porches
and verandhas, canopies, roof cresting, lamps, grilles, hardware,
etc.
• Then it began to be used as structural member such as tie rods
• Today wrought iron can be found anywhere in homes from light
fixtures, to wine racks, to candle holders.

12. Uses of Wrought Iron

13. Exterior of Carson Pirie Scott
building by Louis Sullivan

14. EIFFEL TOWER - PARIS

15. Iron pillar of Delhi,
India, containing 98%
wrought iron

16. RAILING

17. WROUGHT IRON DOOR
WROUGHT IRON SIGN

18. WROUGHT IRON GATE